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We investigate the thermoelectric (TE) properties of nodal line semimetals (NLSs) using a combination of semi-analytical calculations within Boltzmann's linear transport theory and the relaxation time approximation, along with first-principles calculations for the so-called type-I and type-II NLSs. We consider the conduction and valence bands that cross near the Fermi level of these materials through first-principles calculations of typical type-I (TiS) and type-II (Mg$_3$Bi$_2$) NLSs and use the two-band model fit to find the Fermi velocity $v_{F}$ and effective mass $m$ that will be employed as the initial energy dispersion parameters. The optimum curvature value for each energy band is searched by tuning the energy dispersion parameters to improve the TE properties of the NLss. We can obtain the best $\sim$$3.5\%$ increase in the Seebeck coefficient peak value compared to those using the initial parameter value in the type-I NLS, with the Seebeck coefficient ranging from $0.509S_{0}$ to $0.527S_{0}$ where $S_0 \approx 86.17~\mu$V/K. Meanwhile, the best increase in power factor, as large as $\sim$$83\%$ the initial value, can be obtained in the type-II NLS when $v_{F}$ is lowered. By systematically comparing all of our calculation results, we observed that tuning $v_{F}$ significantly improves TE properties in both types of NLS compared to tuning $m$. Our work is expected to trigger further calculations to scan other potential TE materials, particularly in the class of semimetals, by manipulating their band structure through the variation of the curvatures of their energy bands., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures

We study the temperature dependence as well as anisotropy of optical conductivity ($\sigma_1$) in the pseudocubic single crystal Pr$_{0.5}$Ca$_{1.5}$MnO$_{4}$ using spectrocopic ellipsometry. Three transition temperatures are observed and can be linked to charge-orbital ($T_{\rm CO/OO}$ $\sim$ 320 K), two-dimensional-antiferromagnetic (2D-AFM) ($\sim$ 200 K), and three-dimensional AFM ($T_{\rm N} \sim$ 125 K) orderings. Below $T_{\rm CO/OO}$, $\sigma_1$ shows a charge ordering peak ($\sim$0.8 eV) with a significant blue shift as the temperature decreases. Calculations based on a model that incorporates a static Jahn-Teller distortion and assumes the existence of a local charge imbalance between two different sublattices support this assignment and explain the blue shift. This view is further supported by the partial spectral weight analysis showing the onset of optical anisotropy at $T_{\rm CO/OO}$ in the charge-ordering region ($0.5-2.5$ eV). Interestingly, in the charge-transfer region ($2.5-4$ eV), the spectral weight shows anomalies around the $T_{\rm 2D-AFM}$ that we attribute to the role of oxygen-$p$ orbitals in stabilizing the CE-type magnetic ordering. Our result shows the importance of spin, charge, and lattice degrees of freedom in this layered manganite., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Using a combination of ultraviolet-vacuum ultraviolet reflectivity and spectroscopic ellipsometry, we observe a resonant exciton at an unusually high energy of 6.3eV in epitaxial graphene. Surprisingly, the resonant exciton occurs at room temperature and for a very large number of graphene layers $N$$\approx$75, thus suggesting a poor screening in graphene. The optical conductivity ($\sigma_1$) of resonant exciton scales linearly with number of graphene layer (up to \emph{at least} 8 layers) implying quantum character of electrons in graphene. Furthermore, a prominent excitation at 5.4eV, which is a mixture of interband transitions from $\pi$ to $\pi^{*}$ at the M point and a $\pi$ plasmonic excitation, is observed. In contrast, for graphite the resonant exciton is not observable but strong interband transitions are seen instead. Supported by theoretical calculations, for $N \leq$ 28 the $\sigma_1$ is dominated by the resonant exciton, while for $N >$ 28 it is a mixture between exitonic and interband transitions. The latter is characteristic for graphite, indicating a crossover in the electronic structure. Our study shows that important elementary excitations in graphene occur at high binding energies and elucidate the differences in the way electrons interact in graphene and graphite., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures (accepted)

We employ the dynamical mean-field approximation to study the magnetic properties of a model relevant for the dilute magnetic semiconductors. Our model includes the spin-orbit coupling on the hole bands, the exchange interaction, and the attractive Coulomb potential between the negatively charged magnetic ions and the itinerant holes. The inclusion of the Coulomb potential significantly renormalizes the exchange coupling and enhances the ferromagnetic transition temperature for a wide range of couplings. We also explore the effect of the spin-orbit interaction by using two different values of the ratio of the effective masses of the heavy and light holes. We show that in the regime of small $J_{c}$-$V$ the spin-orbit interaction enhances $T_{c}$, while for large enough values of $J_{c}$-$V$ magnetic frustration reduces $T_c$ to values comparable to the previously calculated strong coupling limit., Comment: 6 pages, 7 fugures

We demonstrate the existence of ferromagnetism in the Periodic Anderson Model (PAM) at conduction-band filling near a quarter. We show that this ferromagnetism is not supported by Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interactions but is instead driven by the precursors of charge density wave (CDW) formation in the conduction electron band. To study the effect of spatial correlations, we compare Dynamical Mean field Approximation (DMFA) and Dynamical Cluster Approximation (DCA) results. We find that both RKKY and CDW driven ferromagnetism persist as short-range correlations are incorporated into the theory. Both DMFA and DCA show the precursors of CDW formation through the strong enhancement of the d-electron CDW susceptibility as the temperature decreases, up to the ferromagnetic transition temperature. In addition, the DCA captures the signal of a band gap opening due to Peierls instability., Comment: 4 pages, submitted to the Physical Review Letters

We calculate the density-of-states and the spectral function of GaMnAs within the dynamical mean-field approximation. Our model includes the competing effects of the strong spin-orbit coupling on the J=3/2 GaAs hole bands and the exchange interaction between the magnetic ions and the itinerant holes. We study the quasi-particle and impurity bands in the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases for different values of impurity-hole coupling at the Mn doping of x=0.05. By analyzing the anisotropic angular distribution of the impurity band carriers at T=0, we conclude that the carrier polarization is optimal when the carriers move along the direction parallel to the average magnetization., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures