Search

Large Language Models (LLMs) currently struggle with tool invocation and chaining, as they often hallucinate or miss essential steps in a sequence. We propose RE-GAINS and EnChAnT, two novel frameworks that empower LLMs to tackle complex user queries by making API calls to external tools based on tool descriptions and argument lists. Tools are chained based on the expected output, without receiving the actual results from each individual call. EnChAnT, an open-source solution, leverages an LLM format enforcer, OpenChat 3.5 (an LLM), and ToolBench's API Retriever. RE-GAINS utilizes OpenAI models and embeddings with a specialized prompt based on the $\underline{R}$easoning vi$\underline{a}$ $\underline{P}$lanning $(RAP)$ framework. Both frameworks are low cost (0.01\$ per query). Our key contribution is enabling LLMs for tool invocation and chaining using modifiable, externally described tools.

Hydrous minerals contribute largely to the transport and distribution of water into the mantle of earth to regulate the process of deep-water cycle. Brucite is one of the simplest layered dense hydrous mineral belonging to MgO-SiO2-H2O ternary system, which contains significant amount of water in the form of OH- groups, spanning a wide range of pressure stability. Simultaneously, the pressure (p) and temperature (T) induced mobility of protons within the layered structure of brucite is crucial for consequences on electrical conductivity of the mantle. Using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations, we investigate the diffusion of H in high-pressure trigonal P-3 polymorph of brucite in a combined p-T range of 10-85 GPa and 1250-2000K, relevant to the mantle of earth. The AIMD simulations reveal an unusual pressure-dependence of the proton migration in brucite characterized by maximum H-diffusion in the pressure range of 72-76 GPa along different isotherms. We predict that in the P-3 brucite the H mobility is onset only when a critical hydrostatic pressure is attained. The onset pressure is observed to drop with increasing temperature. The H-diffusion in brucite phase at elevated p-T takes place in such a manner that the process results in the amorphization of the H-sublattice, without disturbing the Mg- and O-sublattices. This selective amorphization yields a pool of highly mobile protons causing a subsequent increment in the electrical conductivity in P-3 brucite. Our calculated values of conductivity are compared with ex-situ geophysical magnetic satellite data indicating that brucite can be present in larger quantities in the lower mantle than previously observed. This hydroxide phase can occur as segregated patches between the dominant constituents e.g., silicates and oxides of the lower mantle and thus can explain the origin of high electrical conductivity therein., Comment: Preliminary draft, 6 figures, presented in Goldschimdt 2023 Conference (Lyon, France), comments are welcome

Our density functional study reveals a peculiar relation between the normalized Th content i.e. Th/(U+Th) and the hydrostatic pressure enforcing zircon to reidite type transition in uranothorite solid solution. We found that the transition pressure exhibits a minimum when Th/(U+Th) = 0.50 i.e. when the unit cell contains equal amount of U and Th. Any change in normalized Th content, as we move towards the U and Th end-members of the series, shows a significant jump in zircon-reidite transition pressure. In order to explain this behavior, we proposed a novel method of quantifying the distortions of U/Th-coordination polyhedra which manifest themselves as a triangular dodecahedron or snub-disphenoid. We have theoretically defined two parameters: one related to the two geometrically different U/Th-O bond lengths, having a fixed ratio between them for regular triangular dodecahedra irrespective of the volume and the other with three kinds of O-U-O and O-Th-O bond angles with multiplicities of 2, 4 and 12, respectively. The bond angle distortion for both U and Th-polyhedra were found to show a maximum in zircon phase and a minimum in reidite phase corresponding to Th/(U+Th) = 0.5. Since, the difference in angular distortion is minimum in case of Th/(U+Th) = 0.5, a lesser hydrostatic pressure is capable of triggering the transition, compared to the other members of this series. The bond length distortion is also characterized by a maximum in the reidite phase at the equal concentration of U and Th. Our finding is also complemented by the minimum compressibility observed in the zircon phase when the atomic percentage of U and Th are equal., Comment: Preliminary draft. Any comments are welcome