1. Case-Control Genome-Wide Association Study of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- Author
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Neale, Benjamin M., Medland, Sarah, and Ripke, Stephan
- Abstract
Objective: Although twin and family studies have shown attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to be highly heritable, genetic variants influencing the trait at a genome-wide significant level have yet to be identified. Thus additional genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are needed. Method: We used case-control analyses of 896 cases with "DSM-IV" ADHD genotyped using the Affymetrix 5.0 array and 2,455 repository controls screened for psychotic and bipolar symptoms genotyped using Affymetrix 6.0 arrays. A consensus SNP set was imputed using BEAGLE 3.0, resulting in an analysis dataset of 1,033,244 SNPs. Data were analyzed using a generalized linear model. Results: No genome-wide significant associations were found. The most significant results implicated the following genes: "PRKG1," "FLNC," "TCERG1L," "PPM1H," "NXPH1," "PPM1H," "CDH13," "HK1," and "HKDC1." Conclusions: The current analyses are a useful addition to the present literature and will make a valuable contribution to future meta-analyses. The candidate gene findings are consistent with a prior meta-analysis in suggesting that the effects of ADHD risk variants must, individually, be very small and/or include multiple rare alleles. (Contains 5 figures and 3 tables.)
- Published
- 2010
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