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Recent advancements in generative AI, particularly diffusion-based image editing, have enabled the transformation of images into highly realistic scenes using only text instructions. This technology offers significant potential for generating diverse synthetic datasets to evaluate model robustness. In this paper, we introduce Cityscape-Adverse, a benchmark that employs diffusion-based image editing to simulate eight adverse conditions, including variations in weather, lighting, and seasons, while preserving the original semantic labels. We evaluate the reliability of diffusion-based models in generating realistic scene modifications and assess the performance of state-of-the-art CNN and Transformer-based semantic segmentation models under these challenging conditions. Additionally, we analyze which modifications have the greatest impact on model performance and explore how training on synthetic datasets can improve robustness in real-world adverse scenarios. Our results demonstrate that all tested models, particularly CNN-based architectures, experienced significant performance degradation under extreme conditions, while Transformer-based models exhibited greater resilience. We verify that models trained on Cityscape-Adverse show significantly enhanced resilience when applied to unseen domains. Code and datasets will be released at https://github.com/naufalso/cityscape-adverse., Comment: 19 pages, under review, code and dataset will be available at https://github.com/naufalso/cityscape-adverse

In this article, we develop a predator-prey model with Allee effect and prey group defense. The model has three equilibrium points i.e. the trivial point, the predator extinction point, and the coexistence point. All equilibrium points are locally asymptotically stable under certain conditions. The Allee effect in this model influences the stability of the equilibrium point. If the Allee effect is weak, then the trivial equilibrium point is unstable. Meanwhile, if the Allee effect is strong, then the trivial equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable. Those mean that a strong Allee effect can lead to the extinction of both populations. Moreover, under weak Allee condition, forward bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation occur at the predator extinction equilibrium point. Meanwhile, a strong Allee effect may induce bistability at both the trivial equilibrium point and the predator extinction equilibrium point. Those mean that prey can survive without the presence of predators, but a strong Allee effect can lead to prey extinction if the population size is very small. To support our analytical findings, we perform some numerical simulations in the final section., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, The International Symposium on Biomathematics (Symomath), 10-12 July 2024, Depok, Indonesia

Monocular depth estimation (MDE) and semantic segmentation (SS) are crucial for the navigation and environmental interpretation of many autonomous driving systems. However, their vulnerability to practical adversarial attacks is a significant concern. This paper presents a novel adversarial attack using practical patches that mimic manhole covers to deceive MDE and SS models. The goal is to cause these systems to misinterpret scenes, leading to false detections of near obstacles or non-passable objects. We use Depth Planar Mapping to precisely position these patches on road surfaces, enhancing the attack's effectiveness. Our experiments show that these adversarial patches cause a 43% relative error in MDE and achieve a 96% attack success rate in SS. These patches create affected error regions over twice their size in MDE and approximately equal to their size in SS. Our studies also confirm the patch's effectiveness in physical simulations, the adaptability of the patches across different target models, and the effectiveness of our proposed modules, highlighting their practical implications., Comment: Accepted for WISA 2024. Code and dataset: https://github.com/naufalso/adversarial-manhole

Penetration testing, a critical component of cybersecurity, typically requires extensive time and effort to find vulnerabilities. Beginners in this field often benefit from collaborative approaches with the community or experts. To address this, we develop CIPHER (Cybersecurity Intelligent Penetration-testing Helper for Ethical Researchers), a large language model specifically trained to assist in penetration testing tasks. We trained CIPHER using over 300 high-quality write-ups of vulnerable machines, hacking techniques, and documentation of open-source penetration testing tools. Additionally, we introduced the Findings, Action, Reasoning, and Results (FARR) Flow augmentation, a novel method to augment penetration testing write-ups to establish a fully automated pentesting simulation benchmark tailored for large language models. This approach fills a significant gap in traditional cybersecurity Q\&A benchmarks and provides a realistic and rigorous standard for evaluating AI's technical knowledge, reasoning capabilities, and practical utility in dynamic penetration testing scenarios. In our assessments, CIPHER achieved the best overall performance in providing accurate suggestion responses compared to other open-source penetration testing models of similar size and even larger state-of-the-art models like Llama 3 70B and Qwen1.5 72B Chat, particularly on insane difficulty machine setups. This demonstrates that the current capabilities of general LLMs are insufficient for effectively guiding users through the penetration testing process. We also discuss the potential for improvement through scaling and the development of better benchmarks using FARR Flow augmentation results. Our benchmark will be released publicly at https://github.com/ibndias/CIPHER., Comment: 28 pages, github available

Adversarial camouflage has garnered attention for its ability to attack object detectors from any viewpoint by covering the entire object's surface. However, universality and robustness in existing methods often fall short as the transferability aspect is often overlooked, thus restricting their application only to a specific target with limited performance. To address these challenges, we present Adversarial Camouflage for Transferable and Intensive Vehicle Evasion (ACTIVE), a state-of-the-art physical camouflage attack framework designed to generate universal and robust adversarial camouflage capable of concealing any 3D vehicle from detectors. Our framework incorporates innovative techniques to enhance universality and robustness, including a refined texture rendering that enables common texture application to different vehicles without being constrained to a specific texture map, a novel stealth loss that renders the vehicle undetectable, and a smooth and camouflage loss to enhance the naturalness of the adversarial camouflage. Our extensive experiments on 15 different models show that ACTIVE consistently outperforms existing works on various public detectors, including the latest YOLOv7. Notably, our universality evaluations reveal promising transferability to other vehicle classes, tasks (segmentation models), and the real world, not just other vehicles., Comment: Accepted for ICCV 2023. Main Paper with Supplementary Material. Project Page: https://islab-ai.github.io/active-iccv2023/

To perform adversarial attacks in the physical world, many studies have proposed adversarial camouflage, a method to hide a target object by applying camouflage patterns on 3D object surfaces. For obtaining optimal physical adversarial camouflage, previous studies have utilized the so-called neural renderer, as it supports differentiability. However, existing neural renderers cannot fully represent various real-world transformations due to a lack of control of scene parameters compared to the legacy photo-realistic renderers. In this paper, we propose the Differentiable Transformation Attack (DTA), a framework for generating a robust physical adversarial pattern on a target object to camouflage it against object detection models with a wide range of transformations. It utilizes our novel Differentiable Transformation Network (DTN), which learns the expected transformation of a rendered object when the texture is changed while preserving the original properties of the target object. Using our attack framework, an adversary can gain both the advantages of the legacy photo-realistic renderers including various physical-world transformations and the benefit of white-box access by offering differentiability. Our experiments show that our camouflaged 3D vehicles can successfully evade state-of-the-art object detection models in the photo-realistic environment (i.e., CARLA on Unreal Engine). Furthermore, our demonstration on a scaled Tesla Model 3 proves the applicability and transferability of our method to the real world., Comment: Accepted for CVPR 2022

The selection of West Java governor is one event that seizes the attention of the public is no exception to social media users. Public opinion on a prospective regional leader can help predict electability and tendency of voters. Data that can be used by the opinion mining process can be obtained from Twitter. Because the data is very varied form and very unstructured, it must be managed and uninformed using data pre-processing techniques into semi-structured data. This semi-structured information is followed by a classification stage to categorize the opinion into negative or positive opinions. The research methodology uses a literature study where the research will examine previous research on a similar topic. The purpose of this study is to find the right architecture to develop it into the application of twitter opinion mining to know public sentiments toward the election of the governor of west java. The result of this research is that Twitter opinion mining is part of text mining where opinions in Twitter if they want to be classified, must go through the preprocessing text stage first. The preprocessing step required from twitter data is cleansing, case folding, POS Tagging and stemming. The resulting text mining architecture is an architecture that can be used for text mining research with different topics., Comment: 5 Pages

Any organization that will develop software is faced with a difficult choice of choosing the right software development method. Whereas the software development methods used, play a significant role in the overall software development process. Software development methods are needed so that the software development process can be systematic so that it is not only completed within the right time frame but also must have good quality. There are various methods of software development in System Development Lyfe Cycle (SDLC). Each SDLC method provides a general guiding line about different software development and has different characteristics. Each method of software development has its drawbacks and advantages so that the selection of software development methods should be compatible with the capacity of the software developed. This paper will compare three different software development methods: V-Shaped Model, Parallel Development Model, and Iterative Model with the aim of providing an understanding of software developers to choose the right method., Comment: 5 pages