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High accuracy and dynamic range have been some of the most prominent challenges when it comes to fine-scale turbulence measurements. The current commercial LDA processors, which perform the signal processing of Doppler bursts directly using hardware components, are essentially black boxes and in particular are renown for suffering from practical limitations that reduce the measurement reliability and accuracy. A transparently functioning novel LDA, utilizing advanced technologies and up-to-date hardware and software has therefore been developed to enhance the measurement quality and the dynamic range. In addition, the self-developed software comes with a highly flexible functionality for the signal processing and data interpretation. The LDA setup and the combined forward/side scattering optical alignment (to minimize the effective measuring volume) are described first, followed by a description of the signal processing aspects. The round turbulent jet has been used as the test bed since it presents a wide range of degree of difficulty for the LDA processor (accuracy, dynamic range etc.) across the different radial distances and downstream development. The data are diagnosed for dynamic range in residence and interarrival times, and compared to a typical hardware driven processor. The radial profiles of measured mean streamwise velocity and variance agree well with previous studies of the round jet. The spatial turbulent kinetic energy spectra in the fully developed region perfectly match the expected (and in this region well established) -5/3 power law even for the largest measured distances from the centerline (where shear and turbulence intensity are significant).

This paper on interlibrary loan and document supply in Malaysia covers the following topics: (1) trends and development in Malaysia; (2) the potential of inter-lending and document delivery programs, including the creation of a Malaysian bibliographic network; (3) number of libraries, including a table that shows the total number of libraries in 1997 broken down by type; (4) background information on the Document Delivery System (a library consortium initiated by the National Library of Malaysia in 1998), including members, services, staff, and requests for services; (5) problems associated with the success of the services; (6) turnaround time; and (7) recommendations. (Contains 21 references.) (MES)

One of the challenges facing Malaysia amidst its economic development is the achievement of a critical thinking society. This would enhance and guarantee the success of research and development programs in addition to having other socioeconomic effects. This paper covers the following topics: Vision 2020, Malaysia's goal to reach developed nation status by the year 2020; Malaysia's educational system; the role of the government/educational system, school libraries, teachers and schools, public libraries, parents, and schools of library and information science; methods of achieving a critical thinking society; information literacy and systematic information skills; characteristics of a critical thinker; and recommendations for the educational system, information skills program, curriculum, and research. Two appendices consist of considerations for critical thinking skills for school and classroom management, and a diagram of issues related to the implementation of the information skills program. (Contains 17 references.) (SWC)

This article reports on findings from a study of 989 fathers of school-going children aged 10 through 16 from intact families in rural and urban areas in Selangor, Malaysia. The study aims to explore the factors that affect father involvement among Malay Muslims. Results indicate that fathers' education, marital quality, and number of children are significantly related to their involvement in children's lives. Fathers' perceptions of their own fathers' involvement when they were young is also positively associated with their involvement with children, supporting the concept of intergenerational fathering in social learning theory. Muslim fathers see financial provisioning, moral teaching, praying, reciting the Quran, and fasting together with children as their religious duties that God entrusts to them to fulfill both world and after-life purposes. However, they cite lack of time and a common wish to be more involved in their children's life. (Contains 3 tables.)