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Chapter 7 contains perhaps the newest contribution to the history of cell theory in the book, as the work and career of Mazia have not been treated significantly by historians of science. Sherrie Lyons has produced a potentially useful survey of cell theory from its earliest days in the seventeenth century (Anton van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke) using the simplest microscopes, through the introduction and improvement of the compound microscope, stains and methods of preparing specimen in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, through the mid-1980s and work of cell biologist Daniel Mazia (1912-1996) with the introduction of the electron microscope and molecular tools for studying the details of cell structure and function. Book Review: Sherrie Lyons, From Cells to Organisms: Re-envisioning Cell Theory: (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2020), 224 pp., 17 b&w illus., $39.95 Paper, ISBN: 978-1-4426-3509-8; $71.25 Cloth, ISBN: 978-1-4426-3510-4. [Extracted from the article]

In the second chapter, Reynolds delves into cell biochemistry and the wealth of terms that reflected the overall metaphor of the cell as a machine. According to Reynolds, Bradie claims that metaphors perform three functions: (1) rhetorical or communicative, (2) heuristic, and (3) explanatory (Reynolds adds the prescriptive role as a fourth). In twenty-first century biology, there is renewed interest in the cell, driven by a more detailed appreciation of the complexity of living systems and the realization that insights provided by DNA sequences are limited. [Extracted from the article]

More than 25 years have elapsed since the publication of Robert Kohler's I Lords of the Fly: Drosophila Genetics and the Experimental Life i , which became a touchstone for the emerging literature on how model organisms have shaped biological knowledge (Kohler [44]). When historians of biology began experimenting with stories about model organisms, animal studies was not yet central to the field. While remaining attentive to the material conditions of biological work and the crucial role of infrastructure, these authors are following model organisms beyond the bounds of prestigious laboratories with their Nobel Prize winners into agriculture, the international trade of preserved specimens and live animals, and regulatory testing. Papers in this issue redress major gaps in knowledge about the history of the laboratory animal infrastructure for biology, medicine, and agriculture. [Extracted from the article]

A review of the book "Creating Physical Biology: The Three-Man Paper and Early Molecular Biology," edited by Phillip R. Sloan and Brandon Fogel, is presented.