To understand the still-contested role of heraldry on these maps, the author compares five Italian and Catalan portolan charts of the fourteenth century with the well-known geographical and armorial manual, the I Libro del Conosçimiento i ( I Book of All Kingdoms i ), dated I c i .1385, which he deems a portolan, a written and mapless itinerary. In the third paper, Juliette Dumasy-Rabineau (Orléans) studies a wide corpus of local maps made in late-medieval and early-modern France. Actes de la conférence organisée en 2013 à Pise par SAS en collaboration avec l'École française de Rome et la Scuola Normale Superiore de Pise Actes du colloque de Pise (2013), edited by Patrick Boucheron, Marco Folin and Jean-Philippe Genet.: Paris: Éditions de la Sorbonne; Rome: École française de Rome, 2018. [Extracted from the article]