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The development of prosthesis implantation as a means to treat bone defects in the field of orthopedic surgery is booming. Some materials with excellent biocompatibility are available for practical application, while new materials are being continuously developed. Gum metal is a new type of multifunctional β-type titanium alloy, and its basic composition can be expressed as Ti-24(Ta + Nb + V)-(Zr, Hf)-O. Gum metal has a good combination of a low elastic modulus and high strength, which promotes its emergence in the biological field. Moreover, gum metal combines the advantages of nonlinear elasticity, low work hardening rate and nontoxicity, making it a new material with potential in the future. This review begins with the design origin of gum metal and the influence of various elements on this kind of alloy. Second, the fabrication process and deformation mechanism of gum metal are summarized. Finally, the properties and current application fields of gum metal are introduced. A concise review of recent advances in gum metal. A comprehensive assessment of the essential characteristics. An introduction of various synthetic strategies for the fabrication of gum metal. A brief overview on fundamental is presented to better understand super-elasticity. An overview of representative biomedical, industry and manufacturing of gum metal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing disease that severely affects patients' quality of life. The exact cause of IBD is uncertain, but current studies suggest that abnormal activation of the immune system, genetic susceptibility, and altered intestinal flora due to mucosal barrier defects may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Unfortunately, IBD is currently difficult to be wholly cured. Thus, more treatment options are needed for different patients. Stem cell therapy, mainly including hematopoietic stem cell therapy and mesenchymal stem cell therapy, has shown the potential to improve the clinical disease activity of patients when conventional treatments are not effective. Stem cell therapy, an emerging therapy for IBD, can alleviate mucosal inflammation through mechanisms such as immunomodulation and colonization repair. Clinical studies have confirmed the effectiveness of stem cell transplantation in refractory IBD and the ability to maintain long-term remission in some patients. However, stem cell therapy is still in the research stage, and its safety and long-term efficacy remain to be further evaluated. This article reviews the upcoming stem cell transplantation methods for clinical application and the results of ongoing clinical trials to provide ideas for the clinical use of stem cell transplantation as a potential treatment for IBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]