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The article discusses how the paper and forestry industries in South Africa are becoming a successful example of the circular economy and representing a sustainable approach to paper-product manufacturing. Topics include the views of Edith Leeuta, Chief executive officer of Fibre Circle, on the contribution of the pulp and paper sector to the economy; and how the paper products need to be kept separate from wet waste and moisture to retain the fibre integrity for efficient recycling.

In the present paper, a white lupin flour (Lupinus albus L.) and a protein concentrate from narrow-leaved lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), in increasing proportions (3, 7, 10 and 15%), were partially replaced for durum wheat re-milled semolina for breadmaking. The effects on the physico-chemical properties of the flour blends as well as on the technological and sensory quality of the bread were evaluated. The addition of these ingredients increased the water absorption capacity and the leavening rate compared to semolina. In the farinograph, the addition of lupin flour and lupin protein concentrate increased the dough development time, with a negative effect on dough stability. The alveograph strength decreased (225, 108 and 76 × 10-4 J for doughs with semolina, 15% protein concentrate and 15% lupin flour, respectively), while the P/L ratio increased. Compared to the control, the supplemented doughs showed a low amylase activity, with falling number values ranging from 439 s to 566 s. These additional components produced a reduction in the specific volume of the loaves (2.85, 2.39 and 1.93 cm³/g for the semolina bread, 15% protein concentrate and 15% lupin flour, respectively), and an increase in their hardness (up to 21.34 N in the bread with the 15% protein concentrate). The porosity of the breads decreased with the addition of the two lupin flours (range between 5 and 8). Sensory-wise, these ingredients did not impart any off-flavours or off-odours to the bread, which means that they can be employed in bread-making without a deflavouring process. Therefore, the use of lupin flours in breadmaking, with a concentration of up to 15%, represents a valid possibility for fortifying durum wheat bread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Defence White Paper 2016 released by Australian Defence Force (ADF). Topics discussed include maritime assets of ADF like ships, warfare destroyers and submarines, the views of Peter Jennings, Executive Director of the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, on the nation's defence capability, and rise of the defense projection capabilities of the People's Republic of China mentioned in the paper.

The article presents an overview of the first white paper of China about its defense and military strategy. The topics discussed include the reasons for creating the white paper, the reorganization of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), and the changes imposed by the Chinese government on its national security.

The article discusses issues related to 2013 Defence White Paper which has committed to the Offshore Combatant Vessels (OCV) project in Australia with procurement of an existing Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV). Topics discussed include comparison between the 2013 with that of the 2009 Defence White Paper, which had plans to introduce a class of 20 Offshore Combatant Vessels (OCV) under Project SEA 1180 for ship classes performing patrol duties and oceanographic survey.

Integro Technologies is a turnkey machine vision system integrator that leverages evolving technologies to develop specialized quality inspection solutions using vision, robotics, and control systems. The company offers solutions for a wide range of industries, including food and beverage, automotive, pharmaceutical and medical, and consumer products. Recently, Integro worked with a customer who needed a cost‐effective and error‐free solution to inspect large rolls of shrink‐wrapped paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the decision of the British Exeter Crown Court in which DS Smith Paper Ltd. was found guilty and fined to a breach of the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 following the death of the firm's employee John Stoddart.

The article discusses the development of chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tags with microstrip patch resonators to achieve higher coding capacity. The tags can be printed directly on products like credit cards, paper and textiles. Other topics include the effects of mutual coupling on the tags, and the categories of chipless RFID tags, including time domain reflectometry based chipless RFID.

The article discusses the application of X-parameters modeling technology in power amplifiers (PA) design. PA designers can develop measurement-based behavior models of unmatched devices by integrating X-parameter modeling with load-pull measurements. A simple matching network topology is used to reduce fabrication related errors. The matching network and the X-parameter model are combined to predict the effects of connecting the matching networks to the transistor ports.

The article reports that Vishram Pandit of technology company Intel Corporation has won the Engineer of the Year Award at the DesignCon 2019 and for the Best Paper Award Finalist.

The article focuses on the necessity of developing a comprehensive roadmap for new commercially available spectrum to ensure the successful deployment of future mobile networks, as highlighted in a white paper by 5G Americas titled "The Evolution of 5G Spectrum."

The article focuses on the transformative potential of 3GPP's advancements, particularly in Release 17, toward shaping a future where connectivity is seamlessly integrated into daily life, as highlighted in a white paper by 5G Americas titled "3GPP Technology Trends."

In order to ensure efficient operation of freight vehicles, information about individual carriers and their freight during transportation must be available to different stakeholders of railway operation. Under the topic of an “intelligent freight car", this paper illustrates the use of sensors for instant detection and assessment of different conditions of vehicle movement and operation. Based on special railway requirements, concepts for flat spot detection, freight loading as well as shunting impacts are discussed. In addition, the paper outlines necessary telematics for positioning and communication, which are important for the implementation of compact telematics. The investigations took place as part of the research project Smart Rail Cargo (compact retrofittable telematics system for intelligent freight cars) within the framework of the funding program “Central Innovation Programme for SMEs" of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that the government of New Zealand has committed to deliver a new Defence White Paper (DWP) by the end of 2015 for which public consultations will start from May 5 to June 22, 2015.

The article discusses the publication and distribution of the 5 generation (5G) executive version white paper from Frankfurt, Germany-based mobile telecommunications association Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) Alliance.

The article presents the Defence White Paper released by the New Zealand government on November 2, 2010. The paper outlines a strategic blueprint with primary thrust on a spending reprioritisation. Defence Minister Wayne Mapp notes that much of the infrastructure is outlined and does not meet the requirements. It points out that its isolated geographical position tend to isolate the country from international security threats.

The article offers information that Swan Mill Paper Co. Ltd has fined 8,000 British pounds for injury of a worker at a warehouse of the company who was being crushed between a forklift truck and a pallet of paper goods.

The article discusses the 2013 Defence White Paper which provides information on the Australia's strategies for maintaining a capable Australian Defence Force (ADF). It informs that the White Paper doesn't discuss the less participation of local industries of Australia in manufacturing defence related products. It states that sustainment is not enough to develop experts in engineering and math's which has been recognized as a necessity by the Australian government for its defence capability.

The ballast quality influences the opposing behavior of renewal and maintenance costs, the sum of which makes up an important part of the life cycle costs of the railway superstructure. The optimal ballast quality results from the minimum of costs. Finding them requires the clarification of three basic questions: First, how is the quality of the ballast defined? Second: What influence does the ballast quality have on maintenance? Third, what is the relationship to life cycle costs? The present paper contains a method for answering these three questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Axle bearings are considered as critical train components. Axle bearing condition monitoring is capable of getting the health condition information of axle bearings under real operating conditions. Such a capability makes it possible to realize Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) for axle bearings. This paper presents application examples of axle bearing condition monitoring in CBM, including onboard vibration monitoring and trackside acoustic monitoring. Through these examples, the potentials of axle bearing condition monitoring are demonstrated. Furthermore, its future potential in Predictive Maintenance (PdM) is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rail wear is easy to measure, but the calculation of the permissible wear (al loss of cross section) is a challenge. Only in a few mechanical engineering fields is a strength analysis in a corrosive environment with simultaneously loss of cross section necessary. Part 1 shows an approach of the probabilistic calculation of the acting loads with a modern lifetime calculation is presented, which allows a more differentiated dimensioning of the permissible rail wear with knowledge of local load distribution processes. This requires a good database, which Switzerland now can use after a longtime of preparation. An overview is given of the distribution of guiding forces, modules of subsoil as well as the changes of load distribution in the overall network. Part 1 concludes with the presentation of the calculation tool and exemplary results. Part 2 of the paper will present the key functionality - the differentiated load mapping - as well the potential reduction of rail exchange in SBB's network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In railway systems, timetables and infrastructure are key components for satisfying transport needs. In order to find a feasible configuration that satisfies the complex set of requirements, numerous timetables and track topologies have to be evaluated. Therefore, there is an immense need for automatic timetable and track topology design. This paper discusses the concept of creating abstraction layers based on a data model to support and simplify these designs. It uses different state-of-the-art models and combines them so that all aspects of railway operation are included. Using this method, a layer model has been developed that was inspired by the OSI Reference Model and takes current developments such as the UIC RailTopoModel into consideration. Possible applications of such a layer model are the automatic generation of timetables and track topologies, as well as entrance data for synchronous railway simulations for capacity evaluation, and a universal representation of a railway network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial on the release of 2016 White Paper on February 25, 2016 is presented which provides coherent framework for a substantial increase in military spending to boost numbers of ADF and acquire more hardware. Topics discussed include issues related to spending 2% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on military expenses, negative reaction of China to increase in Defence spending by Australia, and developing and building of high technology military equipment in Australia.

The article offers information on the possible contents of the government report on defense in New Zealand. According to the author, the government report on defense, the Defence White Paper, will be published in 2010. The author highlighted Defence Minister Wayne Mapp's statement that the government would reduce its spending on defense. Mapp also criticized the extravagance of the previous administration by purchasing too many light armoured vehicles (LAV), but were not used in military missions. In addition, Associate Defence Minister Heather Roy also mentioned the possibility of a private-public partnership development by selling defense facilities. However, appointed army chief Major General Rhys Jones disagreed with the idea of marketing the country's defense bases.

Thickness determination of transparent objects or thick transparent layers can be carried out rather simpy using a chromatic confocal sensor. One obtains the thickness as the difference between two distance peaks multiplied with the refractive index of the object's material. A more detailed analysis however reveals that this result should be corrected by a factor that considers the refraction in detail. In this paper we derive and discuss this correction factor and give tabulated values for different refractive indices and aperture angles of the chromatic probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining image quality when receiving analog and digital video over extended distances has proved to be challenging. Various technology solutions and hardware have been explored and developed to address latency, resolution, and cost issues. This paper will look at these options, and which solutions best address these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to calculate, simulate, and optimize the energy demand of train runs, the running resistances have to be modeled. Mostly, simplified - e.g. the Davis equation - or approximated formulas for part resistances are used. This also applies for the aerial resistance: for cw value, effective surface area, air density, and relative air speed, either approximate or norm values are used in general. Contrariwise, aerodynamic investigations show that the aerial resistance does not decay with the cosine of the increasing yaw angle as the use of relative air speed indicates; in contrast, the aerial resistance increases up to a yaw angle of 60°. In this paper, a numerical model including this phenomenon is presented; moreover, wheel flange contact occurrence as consequence of side wind forces is discussed. The presented case studies confirm that the wind and its yaw angle may have a relevant influence on the energy demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the leaked White Paper on Australia's defence budget model for 2013. On page eight of the White Paper, it stated that the defence budget model is realistic and appropriate for the uncertain fiscal circumstances of the country, but is still able to deliver the government's priorities. The author says the omission of SEA 1180, which aims to build 20 new multi-role naval vessels, is one interesting section of the White Paper.

The article presents several invited papers regarding radiofrequency (RF) and microwave electronic design automation (EDA) that support internet of things (IoT) design. Invited papers presented include from software companies including ANSYS, Computer Simulation Technology (CST), and FEKO (Altair Development). Topics of the papers include the use of over-the-air and mobile/base station antennas from baseband to RF, simulation of wearable antennas, and 5G antenna designs for mobile phones.

The article reports on the release of a white paper entitled "An Economical Alternative to Boundary Scan in Memory Devices," by the IEEE PI58I Working Group. The study offers an overview of the proposed standard that defines a low-overhead design-for-test methodology to be implemented in memory devices.

The present paper discusses the application of Life Cycle Assessment on three different types of rail track (ballasted track with wooden sleepers, concrete sleepers and concrete sleepers with under sleeper pads) used within the Austrian rail network. A comparison is carried out between the environmental impacts of these superstructure configurations throughout their whole life cycle. This includes production, installation, removal and maintenance as well as disposal. The functional unit is defined as the “provision of 1 km double track for a year". Additional parameters are determined to ensure a reasonable comparability. The results show that the prolongation of service life caused by under sleeper pads reduces the environmental impact per year significantly. Thus, this type of superstructure can be considered the most environmentally friendly, whereas wooden track shows the highest environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses a proposal for a simplistic reference system for railways, which is intended to promote a common basic operational understanding and contribute to operational interoperability. Railways are obtained in quite constrained and discrete space leading to an incomparity with that of a road or pedestrian system as a person cannot participate in its operation as an individual. Beginning with a simplified railway system, which includes simplified vehicles and elements of infrastructure, individual vehicle movements are analyzed in a fictive environment. In this case, it is determined that an extensive infrastructure need is required for an individual driving behavior. To run a railway system under good economical conditions, control and signaling technology is in use. Taking this into consideration a simplistic reference system can be defined, in that substantial system characteristics and functional aims are considered. This allows a delimitation of railway against other transport systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new Bombardier long-distance double deck trains for SBB, which belong supplier internally to the TWINDEXX platform, allow for the first time for increased curve speed of double-deck trains. This is provided by the bogie-integrated roll compensation system FLEXX Tronic WAKO. FLEXX Tronic WAKO comprises the tilt function, the active lateral suspension and the crosswind function. This paper describes the activities needed for homologation and product validation. The differences with regard to a conventional vehicle are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The requirements of availability of SBB infrastructure elements are among the highest of mixed traffic railways. It is shown, that there is no alternative to low, non-restrictive intervention limits in case of traditional asset management, without intelligent procedures which supports the calculation of trends, especially the prog¬ nosis of track behavior. The approach of low, non-restrictive intervention limits has the great disadvantage, that the focus of the systematic track maintenance is replaced by focus and managing only of local track irregularities. In case of low limits it is obvious, there are the limits exceeded in many parts of the network. Conversely, railways with lower availability require¬ ments can provide higher, more restrictive limit values, which, if exceeded, can provide an repair intervention but also use speed restrictions immediately. The approach of higher but restrictive limit provides space systematic track maintenance and these is reducing the density of track irregularities. SBBs department of track asset management has calculated, ana¬ lyzed and compared the expected quantity of the approaches of old and new intervention limits. The results are the amount of cumulative length distribution of track repair (tamping) based on the local prognosis over the next 1.5 years The paper shows the additional costs due to the statistical reli¬ ability of the prognosis. These are the costs which are opposed to availability requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kosten, Gewicht, Baugröße, Wirkungsgrad, Instandhaltbarkeit und Zuverlässigkeit sind wichtige Kriterien für die Entwicklung von Traktionsmotoren. Permanentmagnet-Maschinentechnologie adressiert insbesondere die Forderung nach höherer Energieeffizienz und höherer Drehmoment- und Leistungsdichte. Siemens startete vor zirka 20 Jahren erste Projekte, um Erfahrung mit der Permanentmagnet-Maschinentechnologie zu sammeln. Zuletzt wurde ein Permanentmagnetmotor-Antriebssystem für den Hochgeschwindigkeitszug Velaro entwickelt und im Fahrgastbetrieb erprobt. Nach einer Darstellung der zugrundeliegenden Maschinenentwicklung konzentriert sich der Artikel auf das Entwicklungsprojekt des Velaro-Permanentmagnetmotors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The loads on wheelsets, resulting from torsional vibrations have to be considered in the dimensioning of the axles and press fits. The evaluation of these loads is generally done by extensive test runs and measurement of the respective stresses on the axle. With the proposed process and system analysis it will become possible to predict the maximum torques on the basis of analytical methods. The first part handles the system and model description, illustrating the required quality and complexity of the models for an adequate prediction of the system behaviour. In part two, the physical analysis and safety considerations will be described. In a later paper, a comprehensive description is given for a more general understanding of the complex issue, together with a simplified assessment method for the criticality of a product concerning torsional vibrations. The published articles are written on behalf of Bombardier Transportation Switzerland AG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the extraction of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa roots has been carried out. In particular, the interest was focused on curcumin as powerful anti-tumoral that would result from its ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells without cytotoxic effects on healthy cells. The latter could in fact interfere with the activity of the transcription factor TNF alpha and beta (Tumor Necrosis Factor) which has been linked to a number of inflammatory diseases and even cancer. The fast solid-liquid dynamic extractor (RSLDE), the Naviglio Extractor (NE) is an innovative technology allowing to drain quickly, than other extraction techniques currently exist, the solid matrices containing substances extractable in an organic solvent or inorganic and their mixtures. This innovative technique was used as an alternative to conventional solid-liquid extraction techniques like as maceration (or infusion) and percolation because it allows to use only water as extracting liquid at room temperature and it ends its extractive cycle in minimal time of contact between solid and liquid such a way extracted molecules are not undergone to chemical degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In urban rail-bound systems, operation of trains is influenced not only by the disturbances in the rail-bound system itself, but also by other modes of transport like road traffic in various urban mixed traffic zones. In this paper, two simulation-based approaches for modeling road traffic influences on urban railbound transport, modeling approach and distribution approach, are presented as a resulting integrated model including influences of road traffic and calibration of disturbances based on a suitable probability distribution with significant disturbance parameters respectively. The explanation of the approaches in the first part of the article is followed by aspects of applicability in the second part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

He told me that he was contacting his vision benefit company so that he could get his benefit back and go somewhere else. He opted for single vision computer glasses on an as-needed basis. The patient looked easy on paper: late 40s, getting hard to see up close, distance vision 20/15 in each eye uncorrected. [Extracted from the article]

Deutsche Bahn AG and the German Railway Industry Association (VDB) are going to build up a quality partnership in the development of railway vehicles and have for this purpose signed a Memorandum of Understanding. Based on the target to improve the whole development process within the scope of purchasing projects this paper describes the layout of a quality engineering structured in the three levels of principles, systematics and methods. The single elements of this quality engineering will be introduced, the advantages of its application for the participants of railway and railway industry which are involved in the process will be pointed out. Finally the paper is concluded by the next steps leading up to the installation of quality engineering as a regular procedure of Deutsche Bahn AG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT-S) International Microwave Symposium for microwave technologists, technical paper presentations, workshops and commercial exhibitions featuring equipment’s from Analog Devices, MathWorks and National Instruments.

Squealing of railway block brakes is an annoying noise phenomenon for passengers, staff and residents of railway lines and stations. Compared to squealing of automotive or railway disk brakes there are almost no scientific publications with respect to this topic. The present paper shows the results of vibration tests performed with railway block brakes at freight wagons. Therefore, wagons equipped with cast iron, LL and K brake shoes were investigated with experimental modal analysis and operational modal analysis. Also noise measurements were performed. Possible influences of the preload by the weight of the vehicle on resonance frequencies and vibration shapes of the wheels are investigated via Finite Element Analysis and possible modifications of the railway block test rig at TU Berlin are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an intensified competitive environment the knowledge of customer structures and requirements increasingly becomes a strategic competitive advantage. Despite a high importance customer segmentations often fail due to a lack of sustainable operational feasibility. The paper presents conventional segmentation approaches in passenger services and specifies the value-to-value (V2V) segmentation developed by the authors. This approach combines the two value perspectives of customer value management (the customer and the business perspective). In addition to the concept and the operationalization of a V2V segmentation options for sales and marketing activities based of this new customer and market perspective are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses on the transformation of measuring electromagnetic interference (EMI) through digital EMI receivers. Topics mentioned include the compliance on Comité International Spécial des Perturbations Radioélectriques (CISPR) specifications to achieve the minimum performance speed levels, the white paper of measurement equipment maker Rohde & Schwarz that explains the benefits, and the insight of engineer Mark Terrien on fast fourier transform (FFT) analysis.

The German Railway Industry is committed to the objectives of digitization of rail transport and the necessary digital innovations. The main objectives are more climate protection, more comfort and more efficiency. These objectives and the ways to achieve the goals like innovation promotion, digitization of infrastructure and intelligent maintenance are described in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]