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The article evaluates the Modular System PO 400 analog synthesizer from Teenage Engineering.

The article discusses additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) involved in telecom testing. According to the article, white noise is defined by two characteristics: It has a zero mean value, and its autocorrelation is represented by a delta function. It is stated that Gaussian white noise has the benefit of a well-understood and compact mathematical description. The author adds that even if the actual distribution is not quite Gaussian, the Normal distribution often is assumed to apply because it simplifies further analysis.

Explains how to work with Gaussian noise in test applications of noise generators and how to gauge the impact on the test when nonperfect Gaussian noise is used. Mathematical equation of a Gaussian distribution; Method which involves the capability of the communication system to resolve two signals with and without noise; Approaches to evaluating the impact of approximation on bit-error rate results. INSET: Evaluating Noise Sources By Gaussian Distribution.

Examines the effects of random noise on high-speed timing jitter. Factors that contribute to random timing jitter; Means by which noise voltage is translated into timing jitter; Illustration of a jitter test setup that employs a low-noise phase modulators; Equation used to derive the translation between phase noise and timing jitter; Relationship between the three major noise sources and timing jitter.

In this article, a fast GPS satellite signal acquisition, based on an averaging-correlation algorithm, is proposed for frequency-selective multipath Rayleigh fading channels in the Global Positioning System (GPS), receivers spend a long time acquiring the signals. This is mostly due to the use of expensive FFT-based convolvers in the acquisition process. A substitute algorithm for estimating the convolution that requires less computation time is proposed. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with that of the FFT search algorithm. Monte Carlo computer simulations have been carried out to study the acquisition performance in one-path and multi path Rayleigh fading channels, corns pied with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The effects of noise variance and Doppler shift on acquisition performance are also investigated. In Rayleigh fading channels, computer simulation results show that the code acquisition fails for both FFT search and averaging-correlation algorithms when the Doppler frequency varies in the interval delimited by the two values -1 kHz and +1 kHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the measurement of the value of electric resistance. Measurement cost and techniques to be used; Errors in measuring the value of resistance and their elimination techniques; Way to reduce random noise; Schemes that reduce the value of the current source to nearly zero.

Part II. Focuses on the use of nonlinear distortion and the creation of a system budget to examine the cost considerations associated with residual BER budgeting. Relation of the Gaussian symbol distribution resulting from random noise on the probability of a symbol error in case noise realization; Examination of nonlinear distortion as it applies to residual BER; Amplifier linearity test suited for quadrature amplitude modulation.

Reports on the importance of understanding noise and carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) in selecting equipment, designing system and maintaining hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) systems. Contributors to random noise; Factors that may affect CNR performance; Techniques for minimizing noise in an HFC network.

Presents a series of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) generators designed for terrestrial and satellite communicaions. List of standard models in the WGN series with different frequency levels; Design of a basic noise-generating instrument; Factors that affect the accuracy of a noise generator; Advantages of AWGN generators over other noise generators.

The article reports that researcher Roi Cohen Kadosh and colleagues in a study looked at the use of transcranial random noise stimulation to improve a person's ability to add, subtract, or multiply a string of numbers.

The article reports that Elektrobit Corp. has developed EB Propsim C8 propagation simulator equipped with the ASO tool to emulate the effects of fading, noise, velocity and acceleration on fast-moving communications signals. The tool can create the complex signal conditions needed to emulate communications channels in aerospace and airborne from 350 megahertz channel bandwidths. The EB Propsim C8 with ASO is available with optional internal interference generator to produce Gaussian noise.

The article focuses on the use of the root mean square (rms) and peak-to-peak values in describing random analog noise. Random analog noise is described in various ways, including the use of standard deviation of a several converter digital-output samples, which is equal to the rms. Another method describes a converter's noise by utilizing a peak-to-peak value. Statistical methods are used in specifications with rms and peak-to-peak descriptors in order to come up with a single number that describes the device's noise behavior or an ADC.

Presents answers to queries on engineering design. Information on hardness conversion tables for ductile cast iron; Technique for measuring purely random noise; Material to be used to adhere a thermocouple to a crucible at high temperature.