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A description is given of the test results from experiments for determining the influence of the shape of the feed material on the target variables during single particle impact comminution. For this purpose differently shaped pieces of limestone, granite and glass were submitted to single particle stressing in the trials. An HASA high resolution impact analyzer was used to investigate the process. This analyzer was used to determine variables such as the contact force and contact time for characterizing the intensity of loading and as a measure of the dynamic loading of mechanical elements in machines for impact comminution. The energy consumption and comminution technology variables were also determined. During the analysis of the results it became clear that the particle shape of the feed material has a strong influence on the target variables mentioned, with the result that the findings could be formulated into various statements. For example, the measured contact force during the comminution of spherical particles was up to 100 % higher than during the comminution of irregular, extremely flat, particles. It was also established that the contact time between impact bar and particle increases with increasing elongation or flatness of the feed material particles but falls with increasing cubicity. The results obtained from the single particle impact trials not only provide useable findings for the design and construction of impact crushers but also give the plant operators information about the quality of the comminution product and the energy utilization that can be expected in relation to the surface area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs that energy and environmental benchmarking using energy intensity indicators provides a common and consistent basis for monitoring, tracking and assessing hydrocarbon processing industry performance. These indicators were developed and used during performance audits characterizing two sour gas-processing plants. To establish realistic targets for continuous improvement, three plants were modeled on a process simulator after calibration with actual audit results. Once calibrated to current operation and measured intensities, process simulation provides a means to examine options for plant optimization and set operational targets for process and plant energy intensities. Where appropriate, product economics can be tied into optimization studies to facilitate both energy and economic optimization.

The article examines the business strategy of ethanol producer Cilion in locating plants near livestock centers in Keyes, California. With the use of energy efficient technology, the company aims to produce ethanol which is greener and less expensive than corn ethanol plants. On the other hand, the company was formed through venture of Silicon Valley venture capital firm Khosla Ventures and Western Milling LLC. The energy balance study conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) was also taken into account.

The article looks at the role of the Naval Surface Warfare Center Indian Head explosive ordinance disposal technology division in developing energetics materials. Topics mentioned include a brief description of energetics which are energy-releasing chemical agents used in weapons manufacturing, challenges encountered in developing energetics as it needs special equipment, facilities, and practices, and initiatives pursued by the division to promote its application in industry and defense.

The article offers a look at the efforts of various research groups to develop ways to source energy to power electronic devices from the human body. Scientists aim to convert biomechanical processes into electricity using piezoelectric nanowires and crystals. Overview of research on harnessing energy inside and outside the human body is provided. In addition, the article describes the development of nanogenerators to generate electricity from simple human motions.

The article reports on the method of determining where energy is being used. It states that one of the methods in determining energy usage is the creation of "Energy Map" for the plant, which can be done through counting the kilowatt or horsepower ratings of the main process motors, services, and energy consumption area. It mentions the use of monitoring and targeting (M&T) in focusing attention on the consumption of energy and identification of opportunities for cost-reduction.

The article focuses on British organic producers Alan and Donna Webber's mastitis control plan. Topics covered include how a bioenergetic remedy is manufactured for the whole herd based on hair and milk samples from cows who have had mastitis in the last year and selecting smaller dairy bulls for artificial insemination (AI) and as sweepers for autumn block-calving herd to ensure that calving has no difficulties.

This section offers news briefs on the livestock sector in Great Britain as of May 2014 including the use of milk samples to measure the energy balance of dairy cows, the free coach service to the Livestock Event at the New England Conservatory (NEC) on July 2 and 3, and the online course on grass management being offered by the "Farmers Weekly" periodical.

The article focuses on biomass energy and its economic aspects and also discusses the role of renewable energy in agricultural sector. It also presents information on the development made in agriculture sector and farming system including harvesting of grazed crop using the bioenergy of the grazing animal and harvesting of hay products.

The article reports on the issues concerning the biological energies particularly fuel alcohol that serve as an important development orientation for diversifying the energy supply in China. With this, the central government urges the production and utilization of biological liquid fuels. Fuel alcohol is technically practical and is a sustainable resource and is environmentally friendly.

Reports on the study which found that bacterium contains a bacteriorhodopsin-like protein that binds two unrelated chromophores. Cause of the transfer of photons to the retinal chromophore; Indicators of the increase of the efficiency of processing energy from light. Need of broadening the range of light wavelength to be used for proton pumping.

Discusses a study which investigated whether reducing the frequency of milking during the first four weeks of lactation will reduce negative energy balance of cows in Teagasc, Ireland. Results of milking cows three times daily; Impact on milk yields and body condition; Implications of the finding on conception rates.

Deals with the study which investigated nutritional strategies for minimizing negative energy in dairy cows. Comparison of the energy balance of cows with different milk yields; Effect of reducing dietary protein on milk yields; Benefit of increasing starch levels based on the cow's body condition.