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The article presents several tips, tricks and techniques to aid patients in obtaining clear, single, binocular vision. Topics discussed include information on impact of maximum visual acuity at distance on reading speed or comprehension level; use of open chart from 20/70 to 20/40 with half of the letters shown in red and half in green after retinoscopy; and use chart 11, an 8x8 block of 20/20-sized letters for phoria testing.

The article focuses on the technology, Massive multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) and evolution of the Multi-User (MU) MIMO multiantenna technique exploiting multipath scattering for increasing system capacity as Massive MIMO. Topics include ability of Massive MIMO to assist challenges in the Radio Access Network (RAN), increase in number of BS antennas to far outweigh the number of user terminals served, and possibility of array gain permitting low radiofrequency (RF) chains.

The article focuses on the fundamentals of prescribing involves using all of your data points, not limiting yourself to one, to arrive at a solution. Topics discussed include the decision of whether or not to fit a keratoconic cornea with a specific lens design depends on the refraction, topography, visual acuity, available lens materials and a host of other concerns; and the decision to refer to a specialist is based on the accumulation of data as well.

In the article, the authors discuss the new innovations for the objective measurements of visual acuity in patients as of October 2021. Other topics include the importance of visual acuity measurement in optometry and the innovative programs at Southern College of Optometry (SCO) like the study on Dyop that was invented by Allen Hytowitz, the variable size optotype testing for M&S Technologies, and the validation of automated electronic early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) test.

The article discusses cases of sports vision at Southern College of Optometry (SCO), which now provides comprehensive sports vision care for athletes attending the University of Memphis (UM). One athlete wrote on the screening questionnaire that he has a refractive prescription but hasn't worn glasses or contact lenses for more than one year. An intensive vision therapy program was prescribed for this athlete to help him learn to balance use of his two eyes together.

The author reflects on a patient he treated to reduce his Parkinson's medication burden and give visual relief through a small amount of prism. Topics mentioned include determination of the amount of prism based on von Graefe testing, the use of vertical prism to resolve a small vertical misalignment, and fixation disparity and the associated phoria found with a Wesson card.

The article presents the cases of a 10-year-old girl who complained of distance blur with her glasses and a 13-year-old female who was presented due to asthenopia at near, particularly during high computer use during her virtual schooling, to discuss the benefits of low hyperopia and exophoria to the eyes. Also cited are how exophoria serves as buffers to limit the effects of visual stress.

The article discusses that the Brian's fourth concussion had put him out of professional hockey for about a year, and he wondered if his NHL career might be over. Topics discussed include he reached out to Sue Durham, OD, who was an officer of the Neuro-Optometric Rehabilitation Association at the time; and the lenses helped him begin his recovery, but he was ultimately referred to us with the goal of getting back on the ice.

The article focuses on pair of cases related to 15-years-old when he was referred from another office to be included in a study on convergence insufficiency, and 8-years-old when he first came into our office. Topics include the focused on concepts has related to corrective lens prescribing, and giving detailed advice on managing astigmatism, hyperopia, exotropia and more.

The article informs about pediatric prescribing on how to approach vision care for young patients. Topics discussed include the evidence base and theoretical foundation for the approach to prescribing for young children; the new Functional Binocular Assessment Test (FBAT) to assess binocularity; and cover test findings and observations of alignment through eye movement testing.

The article focuses on the act as a foundation for the emergence of clinical guidelines for the visual care of young children. Topics include the optics of the eye develop in healthy children and to prescribe has an impact on the future, the emmetropization should be left to follow its natural progression, and the child near the inner line might have to schedule a follow up appointment in four to five months.

The article offers several case studies including an 11-year-old male presented with a history of frontal headaches for two years; a 15-year-old male presented complaining that he had been experiencing constant near vision blur during the previous year and trouble while reading; and a 10-year-old female presented with complaints of blurry vision at distance for the past year despite wearing glasses.

The article present case study of a nine-year-old for a vision therapy evaluation secondary to the diagnosis of amblyopia. Topics discussed include using Wirt circles at the initial evaluation; Using a global stereopsis test helping for patient to attain a higher degree of binocularity and better visual performance; and also mentions about performing refraction with patients' habitual prescription and then with their new prescription to see if stereo improved.

Many patients are over-plussed at near. With these simple strategies, you can learn how to avoid this. [Extracted from the article]

The article offers information on two cases including a nine-year-old female and male with slight trouble seeing distant objects. Topics discussed include according to findings, the patient is a high-functioning child who is doing well in and out of school; mentions taking all the information into account, it is obvious that prescribing in this case is less of a question; and also mentions when deciding whether to prescribe glasses first gather a comprehensive patient history.

The article presents a case study of a 12 years old girl with complaints of blurring at distance and squinting. It notes her unaided distance visual acuities were 20/200 oculus dexter and 20/70 oculus sinister. The article discusses diagnosis of patient with myopia and recommended for glasses and treatment with vision therapy.

The article reports on dealing with problems in eyes due to prolonged exposure to computers. Many people spend hours on computers and eyes are put to the test daily. Eyes must maintain a state of stimulated accommodation and convergence for long periods of time. Vergence and accommodative systems must meet at the same plane of regard to avoid visual side effects.

The article offers information on use of term myopia control to the application of lenses, at both distance and near, to guide the development of future refractive changes to either being stable or to reduce the need for minus sphere powers at distance to restore standard visual acuity.

Reports on the production of integrated optoelectronics devices using deep-ultraviolet (DUV) and i-line tools. Information on i-line stepper lithography; Comparison between DUV and i-line; Details of a project at Nikon Precision Europe's Advanced Lithography Centre in Livingston, Great Britain, to prove the possibility of stitching 4x DUV scanner fields to 5x i-line stepper fields.

The article discusses hyperopia also called farsightedness, a common type of refractive error, and understands the importance of buffers to the visual process. It further discusses the +0.75 buffer for accommodative stress and near-induced transient myopia (NITM). Details related to variations found in patients in their distance refractive findings is also discussed.

The article discusses refraction methods for matching a patient with vision disorder to a prescription requirement, citing the Skeffington Analytical Sequence method.

The article presents case studies demonstrating the use of temporary Frensel prism for the fast and effective recovery of patients with visual disorders. Topics discussed include the medical records of the patients, their visual abnormalities, their use of Fresnel Prism, the use of prism as a therapeutic tool over time.

The article offers steps to save time on refraction. Topics mention including choosing Jackson Cross Cylinder (JCC), obtaining the starting point accurately which helps in setting the stage for the most efficient refraction, movement of the retinoscopy and shifting the scope up and down through the axis.

The article presents case study of a 22-year-old female with visual stress and a 23-year-old female with blurry and double vision. Topics discussed include measurement of visual acuity in patients along with decreasing the minus of glasses, providing bifocal contact lens to patient, and need for using binocular vision and accommodative tests.

The article discusses the case study of a 70-year-old woman with Graves' disease and orbital decompression of the left eye. The woman has reportedly been wearing an opaque patch over her left eye to correct her double vision that led to balance problems. The woman underwent three ocular muscle surgeries to achieve a single binocular vision. The patient was also prescribed monovision glasses with Bangerter filter over the lens' upper portion that eliminated diplopia.

The article presents a case study of a 15-year-old teenage boy suffering from anisometropic amblyopia, where he experienced decreased vision in his left eye. Topics discussed include his rating in the Quality of Life checklist and details regarding his examination and diagnosis. Details regarding his treatment and the research conducted by organization Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group (PEDIG) regarding the treatment of this disease, are discussed.

The article offers information related to managing a patient's aniseikonia. It is noted that all optometrist during their optometric education learned about aniseikonia and the equations for modifying ophthalmic lenses to compensate for perceived size differences. It also discusses the case of J.F., a current student at Southern College of Optometry, who was undergoing vision therapy but accidently failed to make enough progress and saw little relief of his symptoms.

The article presents case studies which show the benefit of binasal occlusion in patients suffering a traumatic brain injury (TBI). A 62-year-old African American female with a history of four strokes presented, after her recent stroke, who was complaining of swimming vision when she moved her head. A 65-year-old white male who was presented with a complaint of swimming vision near and at distance after a stroke.

The article presents a case study of helping a brain tumor patient achieve clear, single binocular vision (CSBV). It states the use of Fresnel prism to shift the images where the eyes are. It notes that the amount of prism had not been changed and vision therapy had been started. It mentions the use of Bangerter filters for the surface of the contact lens.

The article presents a case study of a 71-year-old African American female who was presented to a local emergency room with complaints of double vision. The radiologic studies taken in the patient confirmed a stroke while eye movements showed that the patient's left eye was restricted to the right and her right eye restricted in upgaze. The authors discuss the most common ocular findings following an acquired brain injury, such as stroke, which is referred as diplopia.

The article focuses on the importance of Hyperopia, which can cause alterations in the vision. It discusses how though sleep retains the clear vision, the importance of the elements that is, dark focus of accommodation and hysteresis effect, and its effect on the change in refraction and glasses for hyperopic patient.

The article presents the case study of an eight-year-old girl who has been undergoing routine eye examination since she was four-years-old. The girl has been examined by several clinicians and was not prescribed any lenses or eyeglasses as she had no eye turn complaint or academic difficulties. Also discussed is the relationship between uncorrected refractive error and learning.

The article discusses the possibility that patients can be exposed by professions and hobbies to environmental influences on refractive error leading to the alteration of astigmatism. Topics discussed include the application of the Javal's rule in the prediction of the amount of astigmatism, the need for the musicians to remain in constrained postures for the extension of time in playing their instruments, and the high astigmatism of trombonist in the left eye.

The article presents case studies regarding prescription of eyeglasses for young children with refractive errors. Details about some refractive errors which are considered as amblyogenic concerns are provided such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. Also provided are information about the objective testing results of the patients.

The article presents a case study of a seven year old male who was presented with longstanding bilateral impairment of visual acuity, lateral movement of the head to the left side, increased frequency of squinting, and closing the right eye. It discusses his treatment with a three-pronged approach including low vision treatment, yoked prism, and oculomotor-based vision therapy after diagnosing decreased vision secondary to congenital nystagmus and oculomotor dysfunction.

The article discusses the benefits of identifying 'just noticeable differences' (JND) by patients who undergo routine refraction process. Topics include the use of Jackson Cross Cylinder (JCC) for cylinder finding; citation of a Southern College of Optometry intern performing cylinder test; and the need to specify the power of JCC when equipping an exam lane with phoropter.

The article talks about the case of an adolescent boy who suffered from diplopia, headaches and blurred near vision and his glasses didn't help. The article mentions that the individual was facing reading issues and was finding learning very challenging. The article states that after thorough diagnosis the doctor suggested vision therapy and prescribed appropriate glasses.

The article discusses aspects of the medical case of professional pilot affected with double vision eye disease. It states that the glasses made by several optometrics did nothing to cure his double vision problem and recalls he once saw two runways while landing a plane. It gives information on his medical history, diagnostic data and treatment of double vision eye disease with correct glasses.

The article presents a case study of chronic blinking of eyes of a young girl who had visual stress and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The pediatric ophthalmologist's examination showed that she did not need glasses but her near point of convergence broke at 40cm. The diagnosis and management report stated that she had pseudo-convergence insufficiency and with the new lenses her near point convergence reduced and blinking had stopped.

The article discusses the effectiveness of tinted contact lenses in treating a 57-year-old male patient with debilitating fluorescent lighting-induced migraines. Topics covered include the use of the SoftChrome In-Office Tint System in applying the tint to the CooperVision Biomedics XC lens of the patient, and the benefits of in-house tinting of contact lenses, including color modification options and faster delivery time.

The author reflects on the importance of editorial pages from an academic perspective. He asserts that all human beings including journalists should be judgmental about what is right or wrong. He believes that all academic scholarship should be directed toward forming an opinion because every individual is going to interpret the same fact according to his/her values. He thinks that actively reading the news and critically evaluating its content are essential to a healthy democracy.

The article reports on efforts by the Association of Architects of Bosnia Hercegovina to document the destruction of Sarajevo's architectural monuments. The association held a photographic exhibition titled "Urbicide Sarajevo" in October 1993 and held a conference in June 1993 to promote an overall strategy for repair and renewal. It also invited Western engineers to assess immediate infrastructure needs.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the photograph "Visual Response to Katrina," published on the journal's web site on November 30, 2011.

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including one by Jane King on the portrayal of the farming industry in the Science Museum in London, England in the January 28, 2011 issue, another by Jane King on the Nocton super dairy in the January 21, 2011 issue, and another on auction markets in the January 28, 2011 issue.