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Investigates the growing numbers of Extended-Range Twin Engine Operations aircraft crossing the North Atlantic through Gander Oceanic airspace. For US carriers the number of North Atlantic crossings by ETOPS actually exceeded the number of three and four-engine crossings as of late last year. Twin-engine growth in the Pacific; Engine reliability has exceeded expectations; Comments from Transport Canada officials; FAA grants 75, 120 and 180 min. authority; Maintenance schedules.

This article describes a 40 to 900 MHz CMOS broadband differential LNA with gain control for a DTV RF tuner application. The LNA is fabricated in a TSMC 0.18 pin CMOS process. The broadband differential LNA uses dual-feedback and shunt-shunt feedback topologies to achieve high gain and a flat broadband response. The LNA is designed with 75 Ω differential input and output impedances for a 75 Ω TV system application. The circuit measurement is performed using an FR-4 PCB test fixture. In the frequency range from 40 to 900 MHz, the LNA exhibits a gain of 20.26 ±0.41 dB, a noise figure less than 5 dB, and an input P1dB between -19.5 and -20.3 dBm. The gain tuning range is from 20 to -42.8 ±4.9 dB over the 40 to 900 MHz range. The power consumption is 43 mW at VDD=18V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]