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The article offers information about the diagnostics tools and techniques for large-scale operating fluidized beds. It mentions that diagnostics tools and techniques provide a better understanding for improvement in current operations or identify the root causes of operational issues in the hydrocarbon processing industries.

Diuretics relieve fluid overload by increasing the volume of urine passed and decreasing the volume of fluid in the body. The consequent challenges to fluid balance require careful observation if dehydration and therapeutic failure are to be avoided. As fluid is lost, so are electrolytes. The subsequent biochemical changes may have adverse effects on patients, however with careful medication monitoring, most of these effects can be detected and prevented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immune system comprises: physical and chemical barriers; the non-specific immune mechanisms, which bring about inflammation; and the specific immune system, which recognises and memorises foreign antigens [see glossary on page 55]. The immune system depends on white blood cells that play a key role in protecting the body from invasion by pathogenic microorganisms, infection and disease, particularly cancers. Disorders or disturbances of the immune system can leave the patient vulnerable to infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurse prescribing raises complex issues, including erosion of the medical monopoly on control of medication management, compensation for physician shortage and the introduction of guideline-driven prescribing (Jordan and Hughes 1996, McCartney et al 1999). This article sets the recent UK developments in context and discusses the evaluation agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce the strain on the cardiovascular system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corticosteroid medications are synthetic versions of the hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex. These hormones are essential for maintenance of severel systems, particularly the cardiovascular system. They also play a major role in the body's response to stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibacterials are a large and diverse group of drugs that combat infections by suppressing the growth and reproduction of bacteria. Many bacteria are now resistant to antibiotics. Some are resistant to all known agents. New drugs are being introduced to combat evolving patterns of resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To identify the number and types of errors made by assistant and technical nurses when administering intravenous (IV) vancomycin. METHOD: Preparation and IV administration of 143 doses of vancomycin by 55 assistant and technical nurses were observed in four acute wards (three adult and one paediatric) in a public university hospital in Brazil. Non-participant observers completed a structured checklist for each dose. RESULTS: A total of 27 (19%) doses were administered correctly and 116 (81%) incorrectly. There were 268 errors of four types: (i) incorrect dose; (ii) improper preparation of a dose; (iii) inadequate administration technique; and (iv) infusion at an incorrect rate. For 13 of 143 (9%) doses, errors occurred in all four aspects of administration. Errors were observed on all four wards. CONCLUSION: The high incidence of suboptimal administration of vancomycin observed is a cause for concern. Focused education and safety measures have been introduced and their impact is being evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]