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Axle bearings are considered as critical train components. Axle bearing condition monitoring is capable of getting the health condition information of axle bearings under real operating conditions. Such a capability makes it possible to realize Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) for axle bearings. This paper presents application examples of axle bearing condition monitoring in CBM, including onboard vibration monitoring and trackside acoustic monitoring. Through these examples, the potentials of axle bearing condition monitoring are demonstrated. Furthermore, its future potential in Predictive Maintenance (PdM) is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes a circuit which utilizes a constant-voltage regulator as a constant-current source for light emitting diodes (LEDs). It is inferred that the electronic approach minimizes the constant-current regulator (CCR) power dissipation while maintaining a constant LED current. The power efficiency of the improved circuit is highlighted.

The article discusses a design idea that lights a light emitting diode (LED) string. The proposed circuit contains a common constant-voltage regulator which was changed into a constant-current source for LED. Two figures are presented which displays the brilliance of an inductorless chopper and the issue of power efficiency. The idea indicates the concept that a constant current is better for driving LED.

Axle bearings are considered as important maintenance components in a railway vehicle. The maintenance actions can be defined in advance based on an assessment of the real condition of the axle bearing. This type of maintenance strategy belongs to condition-based maintenance (CBM). It is believed that CBM may help to achieve higher safety indirectly, higher reliability and lower maintenance cost. The CBM is managed by condition monitoring programs. This paper presents the current product development on axle bearing condition monitoring in Bogies in Bombardier Transportation. These products include the permanent on-board monitoring system, the mobile onboard monitoring system, and the trackside monitoring system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]