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The article presents the discussion on Plaquenil for rheumatoid arthritis unexpectedly develops toxic maculopathy. Topics include rheumatologists, internal medicine physicians and especially optometrists and ophthalmologists must remain cognizant of its potential for irreversible visual devastation; and daily dosage and cumulative dosage and advised the patient to return yearly for retinal exams.

The article explores the understanding how to approach the diagnosis and management of thyroid eye disease (TED) condition, a key role of the primary eyecare provider. It mentions that erroneous and excessive orbital fibroblast (OF) activity has been identified as the primary mechanism in Grave's orbitopathy.

SYMPTOMS Undiagnosed and untreated thyroid disease has consequences, putting patients at risk of conditions such as cardiovascular and fertility problems and osteoporosis.[1] Thyroid disease symptoms may be similar to those of other conditions. Finally, pharmacists must advise patients that thyroid disease is often chronic, requiring lifelong therapy, and express the need for therapeutic drug monitoring. [Extracted from the article]

The article suggests that patients having celiac disease (CD), chronic inflammatory disorder of the small intestine, are at an increased risk of developing ocular complications as secondary conditions. It recommends gluten-free diet, and briefly outlines the symptoms of CD. It highlights that deficiency of immunoglobulin A (IgA) exhibits the presence of CD. It emphasizes complications of CD such as adenocarcinoma of the small intestine and autoimmune thyroid disease.

The article discusses the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of hypothyroidism. Also cited are the data from the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists showing that an estimated 25 million individuals have some form of hypothyroidism, the factors that can contribute to hypothyroidism like Hashimoto's disease, as well as hypothyroidism symptoms like puffy face, cold intolerance, and fatigue.

The article discusses a study conducted by researchers in Japan which suggests that subsequent thyroid damage due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis could be predicted through the heterogeneity of the thyroid tissue, citing as well key outcomes and an independent review of the study.

The article describes the case of a 52-year-old with history of hypothyroidism presenting with a left thyroid nodule. She did not have complaints and no change in neck size or voice changes but ultrasound showed an enlarged nodule. The patient was given information about the low risk for malignancy of her thyroid nodules and was recommended monitoring of the thyroid instead of biopsy. The article discusses the symptoms and presentation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

The article reports that a study has found that universal screening for autoimmune thyroid disease with thyroid-stimulating hormone and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies is the more cost-effective option than no screening or screening of high-risk women only.

The article discusses research on the influence of Hashimoto's hypothyroidism on quality of life of women, by J. Ott and colleagues, published in the 2011 issue of "Thyroid."

The article discusses a study which investigated the relationship between Hashimoto's and primary thyroid lymphoma, which was published in the "Journal of Clinical Pathology." Polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to examine clonality and sequence similarity. According to researchers, multiple clonal bands in Hashimoto's thyroiditis had sequence similarity of 62% to 100% with the clonal band in the lymphoma from the same patient.