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The study aims to investigate the quality of neural machine translation when translating research paper abstracts from English to Arabic. It performs an error analysis and provides an evaluation of the quality of neural machine translation (NMT) represented by Google Translate and Microsoft Translator. The research team selects 25 English research paper abstracts in education from well-known Scopus scientific journals issued in English speaking countries. These abstracts are then translated into Arabic using both Google Translate and Microsoft Translator. The error analysis is based on the typology of errors introduced by Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM). A professional evaluation is also conducted using the Scalar Quality Metric evaluation (SQM) as proposed in Freitag (2021). The study finds that the translation outputs of academic texts like abstracts of education research papers are still not up to standards when translating English educational research abstracts into Arabic. There are various types of translation errors. However, there is a slight difference in translation quality and number of errors in favor of Google Translate compared to Microsoft Translator. However, it is included that NMT system still requires a lot of training, and more Arabic corpora need to be built. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our Prophet Mohammad and upon his family and his companions all. This research, entitled “The phenomenon of sorting and evaluation in Yemeni society and its impact on the social fabric - an analytical study” aims at highlighting the manifestations and causes of the phenomenon of sectarian as well as the tribal regional sorting and evaluation in the Yemeni society. The research also aims at showing the impact of this phenomenon on the Yemeni social fabric, explaining the Islamic approach in dealing with such a phenomenon. The research consists of an introduction, and two sections. In the introduction, the importance of the topic, the reasons for choosing it, the objectives of the research, the study methodology, the structure of the research and its limitations are presented. The introduction also introduces the research terms and parameters. In the first section, the manifestations of the sectarian phenomenon in Yemeni society and its causes are covered; whereas the second section coverers the Islamic approach to deal with this phenomenon, then the conclusion contains the most important findings and recommendations. The researcher has reached a set of findings, the most important of which are that the phenomenon of sorting and evaluation in the Yemeni society is one of the issues that have spread the scourge in the country, and it has had a bad impact on the Yemeni social fabric, as seen throughout the present research. The most prominent features of this phenomenon are sectarian and discrimination because Yemen is a society that is susceptible to intellectual and sectarian pluralism in terms of the whole, and the sign of tribal sorting is apparent and strong due to the nature of the society in which it has been inherited from fathers and grandfathers. The regional sign is also found in which it has become dominant in the recent period due to the repercussions of political and partisan differences and conflicts that the country has gone through. As for the reasons behind the emergence of this phenomenon, some of these reasons are due to the political differences and ancient intellectual conflicts, whereas the others are due to illiteracy, backwardness, blind imitation, the cultural and environmental settings, and the sources of reception. Some of such reasons are also due to the role of the enemies of Islam, in its various forms, in nourishing and developing this phenomenon. As for the manifestations of this phenomenon, they are known to everyone who follows and extrapolates the Yemeni reality that the most prominent of them have been mentioned in the conclusion of this paper. The researcher has reached a number of treatments and recommendations, as stated in the conclusion of the research. We ask God to make this work purely for His noble sake and to benefit us from it, and to use us for the seek of the others’ benefits. May Allah’s blessings and peace be upon our Prophet Mohammad and all his family and companions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an attempt to guide the teachers about how the evaluation process should be and it highlights the effectiveness and suitability of adopting Hurtado's method of evaluation on English learners at the Faculty of Education at Hadhramout University, Yemen. This method was applied to the correction of students' translations of the final exam containing different texts to be translated in both directions between English and Arabic. The exam was done by 66 students on the undergraduate degree course of Translation (1). The hypothesis regarding the suitability and effectiveness of using Hurtado's method and the possibility to improve the quality of the evaluating the students' translations in future based on this method has not been verified. This study concluded that this method was found out to be too lenient to give impartial translation quality evaluation for the students' translations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an attempt to guide the teachers about how the evaluation process should be and it highlights the effectiveness and suitability of adopting Hurtado's method of evaluation on English learners at the Faculty of Education at Hadhramout University, Yemen. This method was applied to the correction of students' translations of the final exam containing different texts to be translated in both directions between English and Arabic. The exam was done by 66 students on the undergraduate degree course of Translation (1). The hypothesis regarding the suitability and effectiveness of using Hurtado's method and the possibility to improve the quality of the evaluating the students' translations in future based on this method has not been verified. This study concluded that this method was found out to be too lenient to give impartial translation quality evaluation for the students' translations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]