Search

One of the predominant health issues affecting Saudi Arabia and leading to many complications is Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Early detection and significant preventative measures lead to curbing and controlling the health issue. There are fewer datasets in the literature for the detection of T2D in the Saudi population. Past studies using Saudi data have favoured machine learning algorithms to classify T2D. Although the application of this data in machine learning is evident, no studies exist in the literature that compare this data, especially those related to deep learning algorithms. This study's objective is to use specific Saudi data to develop multiple deep learning models that could be used to detect T2D. The research uses a Deep Neural Network (DNN), an Autoencoder (AE), and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to create predictive models and compare their performance with a traditional machine learning classifier used on the same dataset that outperformed other machine learning algorithms such as a Decision Forest (DF). Various metrics were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the models, such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score and area under the ROC curve (AUC) where the ROC acts as a receiver operating characteristic curve. There are two cases in this paper: (i) uses all features of the dataset and (ii) uses six of the ten features, such as DF. In case (i), the results were shown that AE outperformed other models with the highest accuracy for imbalanced and balanced data 81.12% and 79.16%, respectively. The results for case (ii) showed that AE scored the highest 81.01% accuracy with imbalanced data compared to DF and DF achieved the highest accuracy of 82.1% with balanced data. As a result, both cases explored in this study revealed that AE has a constant superior performance if imbalanced data is used. In contrast, DF demonstrated the highest accuracy when a balanced dataset was used with a feature set reduction. They help to identify the undiagnosed T2D, and they are essential for professionals in Saudi Arabia in the health sector to promote health connections, identify risks and contain or improve their diabetes management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The explosive growth of geospatial data is increasing requirements for automatic and efficient data learning abilities. Many deep learning methods have been widely applied for geospatial data understanding tasks, such as road networks and geospatial object detection. However, the demands for more accurate learning of high-level features require the use of deeper neural networks. To further improve the learning efficiency of deep neural networks, in this paper, we propose an improved convolutional neural network named EDense. First, we use its dense connectivity to integrate a CNN with an extreme learning machine. Then, we expand the kernels in the convolutional layers to increase the width of the network model. Furthermore, we propose one-feature EDense (OF-EDense), which is a simplified version of EDense, to fit conditions in which the number of parameters is strictly limited. Finally, the experimental results fully demonstrate the strong learning ability and high learning efficiency of EDense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world, a Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) plays a vital role in order to secure the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). However, the traditional NIDS model faced critical constraints with network traffic data due to growth in the complexity of modern attacks. These constraints have a direct impact on the overall performance of the WSN. In this paper, a new robust network intrusion classification framework based on the enhanced Visual Geometry Group (VGG-19) pre-trained model has been proposed to prolong the performance of WSN. Primarily, the pre-trained weights from the ImageNet dataset are utilized to train the parameters of the VGG-19. Afterward, a Hybrid Deep Neural Network based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) will be employed to extract the influential features from network traffic data to enlarge the intrusion detection accuracy. The proposed VGG-19 + Hybrid CNN-LSTM model exploits both binary classification and multi-classification to classify attacks as either normal or attacked. A network intrusion benchmark dataset is used to assess the performance of the suggested system. The results reveal that the proposed VGG-19 + Hybrid CNN-LSTM learning system surpasses other pre-trained models with a superior accuracy of 98.86% during the multi-classification test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a tracking algorithm based on the residual neural network model and machine learning is proposed. Compared with the widely used VGG network, the residual neural network has deeper characteristic layers and special additional layer structure, which break the symmetry of the network and reduce the degradation of the neural network. The additional layer and convolution layer are used for feature fusion to represent the target. The multi-features of the object can be captured by using the developed algorithm, so that the accuracy of tracking can be improved in some complex scenarios. In addition, we defined a new measure to calculate the similarity of different image regions and find the optimal matched region. The search area is delimited according to the continuity of the target motion, which improves the real-time performance of tracking. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed algorithm achieved a higher accuracy while taking into account the real time performance, especially in dealing with some complex scenarios such as deformation, rotation changes and background clutters, in comparison with the Multi-Domain Network (MDNet) algorithm based on a convolutional neural network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the significant increase in photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation, more attention has been given to PV power forecasting. Indeed, accurate forecasting allows power grid operators to better schedule and dispatch their assets, such as energy storage systems and reserve. In this paper, a hybrid deep learning model and a convolutional neural network with memory is proposed, to provide intraday (2 h) solar irradiance forecasts using sequentially-collected images from public webcams. The performance of the proposed model is compared to those of a standard time-series forecast models, a linear regression as well as state-of-the-art neural networks. All models are trained and tested using images collected from two webcams on EPFL's campus for just over a year. The results show that the proposed method outperforms all other models and matches the state-of-the-art methodology while providing simplicity of implementation and efficient computation. • A novel method for estimating global horizontal irradiance is proposed. • The method uses images public webcams instead of all-sky cameras. • The method combines images from different cameras to improve forecasts' accuracy. • The method can be extended to include other types of data (meteorological data). • This simple method matches state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forecasting has always been the backbone of planning studies in the power system. With the advent of the restructured power system and also the integration of renewable energy sources, it has become more challenging. Accurate load forecasting leads to a reduction in supply–demand mismatch, whereas solar insolation/wind speed forecasting improves generation side planning. With the rapid growth in computer-based intelligence, self-learning mechanisms together with continuously growing volume of the dataset and affordable cost-effective data storage options, deep learning performance keeps getting better and has made a huge impact to solve the complex problems associated with the power system network. In this paper, we propose a classical long short-term memory neural network model for a combined day-ahead load and solar insolation forecasting of residential consumers equipped with rooftop PV based on weather classification. The effectiveness of the proposed model based on mean absolute error, mean bias error and coefficient of correlation (R-Squared) is compared with that of the standard artificial neural network and convolutional neural network models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel deep learning approach for generating fine resolution structures that preserve all the information from the topology optimization (TO). The proposed approach utilizes neural networks (NNs) that map the desired engineering properties to seed for determining optimized structure. The main novelty of this framework is the utilization of parameters such as density and nodal deflections to predict optimized topologies for a wide range of design space. In this research, a three-stage NN framework is employed, wherein the first stage is a feedforward deep neural network. The second stage uses a convolutional neural network (CNN), and the final stage is the post-processing of results obtained from CNN. The first stage maps input design variables vector to output density distribution image. The image output of the first stage and design variables vector inputted to the first network serve as inputs to the second stage, which outputs optimized structure. Finally, post-processing of this optimized structure is done to ensure volume fraction constraint and optimal solution. These structures can be tessellated per the nodal displacement of an FEA solved larger structure. Because of this framework, the proposed approach makes TO computations faster and captures essential physics while using NNs to determine the final structure. The application of the proposed model to three-dimensional problems is also demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Saffron adulterants detected and classified using a deep learning algorithm. • RGB photos took under uncontrolled/unstructured conditions. • Five CNN models were proposed for classification. • The best-proposed model can process an image in 36.26 ms with 99.67% accuracy. Saffron is the most expensive spice in the world which is traded internationally. Hence, Saffron adulterants is always a challenging issue. It should be noted that traditional methods that are being used to solve this problem, are costly and time-consuming. In this study, for the first time, Saffron adulterants was detected using a deep neural network and RGB photos taken under uncontrolled/unstructured conditions. There were five classes of fake Saffron include mixed saffron stamen and dyed straw, mixed stigma and stamens, dyed orange blossom, Safflower and dyed stamens, and two classes of genuine Saffron consisting of freeze-drying and microwave-drying saffron used to design, develop and optimize a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). 60% of the images were used to train and optimize the neural network model. For preventing over-training, the number of images used in the training phase increased by applying the augmentation method. The general structure of the model to detect saffron adulterants consisted of multiple convolutional (input layer), pooling layers and fully-connected layers, respectively. In this study, five structures (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5) were proposed for CNN using Batch Normalization methods. Additionally, this paper compared these five structures with Popular Convolutional Networks consisted of VGG11, ResNet18, ResNet50, Inception V3 and DarkNet53. According to the results, the best configuration was S5 that achieved the accuracy of 99.8% and the cross-entropy loss of 0.019. Although the time process of this structure was 36.26 ms, the shortest time process was 19.38 ms related to the S1. This number was more than 300 ms for Popular CNN. Based on the results of this study, imaging without restrictions with CNN can detect Saffron adulterants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Data-driven coarse mesh turbulence model based on deep neural networks that can learn from high-resolution CFD data. • The proposed Dense-CNN/LSTM architecture can efficiently learn the spatial-temporal information from transient CFD results. • Good agreement observed between model predictions and testing CFD data on reactor loss-of-flow transient case study. • Evaluated model's generalization capability by exploring intrisic data similarity. Advanced nuclear reactors often exhibit complex thermal-fluid phenomena during transients. To accurately capture such phenomena, a coarse-mesh three-dimensional (3-D) modeling capability is desired for modern nuclear-system code. In the coarse-mesh 3-D modeling of advanced-reactor transients that involve flow and heat transfer, accurately predicting the turbulent viscosity is a challenging task that requires an accurate and computationally efficient model to capture the unresolved fine-scale turbulence. In this paper, we propose a data-driven coarse-mesh turbulence model based on local flow features for the transient analysis of thermal mixing and stratification in a sodium-cooled fast reactor. The model has a coarse-mesh setup to ensure computational efficiency, while it is trained by fine-mesh computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data to ensure accuracy. A novel neural network architecture, combining a densely connected convolutional network and a long-short-term-memory network, is developed that can efficiently learn from the spatial-temporal CFD transient simulation results. The neural network model was trained and optimized on a loss-of-flow transient and demonstrated high accuracy in predicting the turbulent viscosity field during the whole transient. The trained model's generalization capability was also investigated on two other transients with different inlet conditions. The study demonstrates the potential of applying the proposed data-driven approach to support the coarse-mesh multi-dimensional modeling of advanced reactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of feeder-level energy disaggregation is to decouple the net load measured at the feeder-head into various components. This technology is vital for power system utilities since increased visibility of controllable loads enables the realization of demand-side management strategies. However, energy disaggregation at the feeder level is difficult to realize since the high penetration of embedded generation masks the actual demand and different loads are highly aggregated. In this paper, the solar energy at the grid supply point is separated from the net load at first via either an unsupervised upscaling method or the supervised gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT) method. To deal with the uncertainty of the load components, the probabilistic energy disaggregation models based on multi-quantile recurrent neural network model (multi-quantile long short-term memory (MQ-LSTM) model and multi-quantile gated recurrent unit (MQ-GRU) model) are proposed to disaggregate the demand load into thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs), non-thermostatically controlled loads (non-TCLs), and non-controllable loads. A variety of relevant information, including feeder measurements, meteorological measurements, calendar information, is adopted as the input features of the model. Instead of providing point prediction, the probabilistic model estimates the conditional quantiles and provides prediction intervals. A comprehensive case study is implemented to compare the proposed model with other state-of-the-art models (multi-quantile convolutional neural network (MQ-CNN), quantile gradient boosting regression tree (Q-GBRT), Quantile Light gradient boosting machine (Q-LGB)) from training time, reliability, sharpness, and overall performance aspects. The result shows that the MQ-LSTM can estimate reliable and sharp Prediction Intervals for target load components. And it shows the best performance among all algorithms with the shortest training time. Finally, a transfer learning algorithm is proposed to overcome the difficulty to obtain enough training data, and the model is pre-trained via synthetic data generated from a public database and then tested on the local dataset. The result confirms that the proposed energy disaggregation model is transferable and can be applied to other feeders easily. • Feeder level energy disaggregation system to separate demand into sub-components. • A multi-quantile LSTM model that estimates the conditional quantiles. • A solar energy separation model to detect the behind-the-meter PV generation. • A transfer learning model to apply a pre-trained model to other location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]