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Carbon dots (CDs) with a size range of 0.2 to 2 nm were prepared using a hydrothermal treatment of sucrose and oleic acid. The as-synthesized CDs were used to reduce H2PdCl4 to metallic Pd nanoparticles with dPd = 9.3 ± 3.7 nm, as confirmed by PXRD and HRTEM data. Pd particles were made to be larger than the CDs, to observe any inverse support effects, however, TEM data revealed that the CDs were transformed to carbon sheets in the reduction reaction at 100 °C. The synthesized Pd-CDs catalysts (0.81 wt. % loading) and CDs were both tested for the liquid phase hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde. The influence of mass, temperature, and hydrogen flow rate on the activity and selectivity of the CDs and Pd-CDs catalyst on the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde was investigated. The CDs gave a cinnamaldehyde conversion (40%, 4 h) with selectivity towards the reduction of the C = O bond (cinnamyl alcohol) while the Pd-carbon catalyst was only selective to the reduction of the C = C bond (conversion 78%) indicating the dominance of Pd in the reaction. Post analysis of the deactivated catalysts indicated formation of carbon sheets and sintering of the Pd nanoparticles. It is thus shown that the presence of Pd induces the CDs to carbon sheet formation and thus indicates the limited use of CDs as a support for the olefin hydrogenation reaction with the CDs produced carbon support. This finding has implications for other studies using CDs as supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most important constraints to potato production worldwide. There is an increasing occurrence of recombinant PVY strains PVYNTN and PVYN-Wi and a decline in the incidence of the nonrecombinant PVYO. We hypothesized that this may be due to the ability of these recombinant strains to antagonize and/or outcompete PVYO in mixed infections. To determine this, we investigated interactions between PVYO and three recombinant PVY strains common in North America: PVYNTN, PVYN-Wi, and PVYN:O. Overall, our study showed that these interactions are tissue-dependent. Specifically, PVYNTN, the main causal agent of potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD), was found to be more adaptable than PVYO, especially in potato leaves due, at least in part, to the Ny gene that confers hypersensitive resistance (HR) to PVYO. Furthermore, PVYN-Wi was found to repress PVYO in potato tubers but act synergistically in potato leaves. The PVYO-induced foliage necrosis in cultivar 'Ranger Russet' was observed to be more severe in plants co-infected by PVYN-Wi and PVYN:O, respectively, resulting in plant death. Strikingly, this PVYO -induced necrosis was suppressed by PVYNTN in doubly infected plants. These interactions may, at least partially, explain the decreasing incidence of PVYO in United States potato production regions, especially given that many cultivars contain the Ny gene, which likely limits PVYO enabling PVYNTN and PVYN-Wi to outcompete. We also found that replication and cell-to-cell movement of these PVY strains in tubers at 4 °C was similar to levels at ambient temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Surgical resection of insular gliomas is a challenge. TO resection is considered more versatile and has lower risk of vascular damage. In this study, we aimed to understand the factors that affect resection rates, ischemic changes and neurological outcomes and studied the utility of IONM in patients who underwent TO resection for IGs. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 66 patients with IG who underwent TO resection was performed. Results: Radical resection was possible in 39% patients. Involvement of zone II and the absence of contrast enhancement predicted lower resection rate. Persistent deficit rate was 10.9%. Although dominant lobe tumors increased immediate deficit and fronto-orbital operculum involvement reduced prolonged deficit rate, no tumor related factor showed significant association with persistent deficits. 45% of patients developed a postoperative infarct, 53% of whom developed deficits. Most affected vascular territory was lenticulostriate (39%). MEP changes were observed in 9/57 patients. 67% of stable TcMEPs and 74.5% of stable strip MEPs did not develop any postoperative motor deficits. Long-term deficits were seen in 3 and 6% patients with stable TcMEP and strip MEPs respectively. In contrast, 25% and 50% of patients with reversible strip MEP and Tc MEP changes respectively had persistent motor deficits. DWI changes were clinically more relevant when accompanied by MEP changes intraoperatively, with persistent deficit rates three times greater when MEP changes occurred than when MEPs were stable. Conclusion: Radical resection can be achieved in large, multizone IGs, with reasonable outcomes using TO approach and multimodal intraoperative strategy with IONM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to comprehensively examine the clearness index (KT), total ozone column (TOC), and ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) over Lumbini, Nepal (27°28' N, 83°16' E, and 150 m above sea level) throughout the 11 years of solar cycle 24 (2008 to 2018). The Lumbini, a highly polluted region, is important in advancing the identification and analysis of TOC variations across regions with similar geographical and climatic attributes. Data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) of the EOS-AURA satellite of NASA were used to analyze the daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual trends in the clearness index (KT), ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB), and TOC from the Comprehensive Environmental Data Archive (CEDA). The study found that the yearly averages for KT, TOC, UVA, and UVB were 0.55 ± 0.13, 272 ± 14 DU, 12.61 ± 3.50 W/m2, and 0.32 ± 0.11 W/m2, respectively. These values provide insights into the long-term variations in atmospheric parameters at Lumbini. The study also applied the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to analyze KT, TOC, UVA, and UVB temporal variations. The power density peak of 35,000 DU2 in the TOC was observed from the end of 2010 to the end of 2011, within 8.5 years, underscoring the significance of analyzing TOC dynamics over extended durations to understand atmospheric behavior comprehensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The probiotic strain Bacillus licheniformis MCC2514 has been shown to produce a strong antibacterial peptide and the whole genome sequence of this strain is also reported in our previous study. The present study is focused on the genome level investigation of this peptide antibiotic and its characterization. Genome mining of the culture revealed the presence of three putative bacteriocin clusters, viz. lichenicidin, sonorensin and lasso peptide. Hence, the mode of action of the peptide was investigated by reporter assay, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, the peptide treated groups of Kocuria rhizophila showed a reduction in the fold expression for transcription-related genes. The gene expression studies, quantitative β-galactosidase induction assay using the RNA stress reporter strain, yvgS along with the homology studies concluded that lasso peptide is responsible for the antibacterial activity of the peptide which acts as an inhibitor of RNA biosynthesis. Gene expression analysis showed a considerable increase in fold expression of lasso peptide genes at various fermentation hours. Also, the peptide was isolated, and its time-kill kinetics and minimum inhibitory concentration against the indicator pathogen K. rhizophila were examined. The peptide was also purified and the molecular weight was determined to be ~ 2 kDa. Our study suggests that this bacteriocin can function as an effective antibacterial agent in food products as well as in therapeutics as it contains lasso peptide, which inhibits the RNA biosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tympanoplasty is the most common operation performed by an Otolaryngologist worldwide.Type 1 tympanoplasty involves repair of pars tensa of tympanic membrane, when the middle ear is normal. The most widely used method is underlay technique using temporalis facia. In buttonhole tympanoplasty, the temporalis fascia is anchored to the handle of malleus through the buttonhole. Objective: To compare and analyze graft uptake and hearing outcome in button hole technique and underlay technique. Material and Method: It is a comparative study done at tertiary care center, where patients suffering from tubotympanic type of chronic otitis media with medium sized perforation with moderate conductive hearing loss, within age group of 18–60 years,were selected. Results: In Button hole tympanoplasty group the mean hearing gain was 9.3dB, and 8.17 dB in Underlay tympanoplasty group which was statistically significant (p < 0.05) but P value between Button hole and Underlay tympanoplasty was not statistically significant.With regard to graft uptake 96.7% showed graft uptake in Buttonhole tympanoplasty group and in underlay tympanoplasty the graft uptake was 93.3%. Interpretation and Conclusion: Buttonhole technique is better in terms of graft uptake since the graft is anchored to the handle of malleus, and postoperatively medialisation of graft and other complications like lateralization of graft, epithelial pearl formation and anterior blunting is prevented. Both techniques are good in terms of hearing improvement for chronic otitis media with medium sized perforation with moderateconductive hearing loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this manuscript, a novel energy detection‐based chaotic whale optimization algorithm (ED‐CWOA) is proposed to maximize the spectrum utilization, duration, and threshold in cognitive radio network (CRN). Here, the spectrum utilization is designed taking into account sensing duration and threshold in multi‐objective function is formulated by considering its primary user (PU) protection restrictions and secondary user (SU) throughput. To get the global optimal solution, the CWOA and the multi‐objective optimization problem are finally carried out on a single objective. The execution is performed on NS2 simulator. The simulation outcome demonstrates that the proposed ED‐CWOA system has lower delay 33.878%, 26.206%; higher delivery ratio 35.536%, 22.65%; lower Fairness Index 46.66%, 58.332%; lower energy consumption 25.462%, 35.524%; and higher throughput 96.82%, 49.28% for different nodes analyzed with the existing methods, like energy detection‐based bivariate Levy‐stable bat algorithm (ED‐BLSBA) and genetic algorithm‐based energy detection (ED‐GA), respectively. The simulation outcome indicates that the proposed system may be able to get the optimal global solutions efficiently and accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human activity recognition (HAR) is one of the key applications of health monitoring that requires continuous use of wearable devices to track daily activities. The most efficient supervised machine learning (ML)-based approaches for predicting human activity are based on a continuous stream of sensor data. Sensor data analysis for human activity recognition using conventional algorithms and deep learning (DL) models shows promising results, but evaluating their ambiguity in decision-making is still challenging. In order to solve these issues, the paper proposes a novel Wasserstein gradient flow legonet WGF-LN-based human activity recognition system. At first, the input data is pre-processed. From the pre-processed data, the features are extracted using Haar Wavelet mother- Symlet wavelet coefficient scattering feature extraction (HS-WSFE). After that, the interest features are selected from the extracted features using (Binomial Distribution integrated-Golden Eagle Optimization) BD-GEO. The important features are then post-processed using the scatter plot matrix method. Obtained post-processing features are finally given into the WGF-LN for classifying human activities. From these experiments, the results can be obtained and showed the efficacy of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the utilization of television media in the rural community of Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, focusing on the preferences and behaviors of different demographic groups. The research entails an extensive literature review on television media within the region, followed by a targeted survey among housewives, youths, farmers, and professionals in rural areas, conducted in the Tamil language. The survey results indicate that more than 30.49% of housewives, 26.83% of youths, 23.17% of farmers, and 19.51% of professionals exceeded the surveyed thresholds, highlighting significant engagement with television in diverse demographic segments. The findings illuminate the substantial role of television media in the rural community, emphasizing the need to comprehend and address the specific needs and interests of various demographic groups. This study contributes valuable insights into the dynamic relationship between television viewership patterns and demographic characteristics in rural areas, laying a foundation for further research and initiatives aimed at optimizing the impact of television in rural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, various amounts of nano-zirconia (ZrO2) were added as a reinforcement particle to synthesize Cu–10Sn–xZrO2 alloy using stir casting techniques. The mechanical and wear properties of metal matrix composites depend on the type of reinforcement material, morphological features and amount of the reinforcement material is added to matrix. The developed alloy obtained hardness ranging from 69 to 87 BHN for the addition of 0 to 12 wt% of nano-ZrO2 reinforcement particles. The ultimate tensile strength of developed alloys increased ranging from 271 MPa to 345 MPa, while yield strength showed 220 MPa to 263 MPa. Results indicate that ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the reinforced alloys showed better mechanical properties than base alloy, which shows the significant influence of addition of reinforcement particles. The wear behavior of the developed alloys were examined using pin-on-disk tribometer. The developed reinforced alloys show that there was an increase in wear resistance with increasing the amount of nano-ZrO2 particles. However, results indicate that increase in wear rate with increase in applied load and sliding speed, with the increase in reinforcement particles showed better wear resistance at higher applied load and sliding speed as compared to base alloy. Microstructural features of the worn surface carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Worn surface analysis exhibits that wear resistance increases at 8 and 12 wt% of nano-ZrO2 particles. The prepared reinforced alloys exhibit excellent wear resistance, and hence, the developed reinforced alloys can be potentially used for various applications such as bearings and bushes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and selective reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the quantification of 4-chloroaniline, 2-chloro-N-(4-chloro-2-(2-chlorobenzoyl)phenyl)acetamide and 2-iodo-N-(4-chloro-2-(2-chlorobenzoyl)phenyl)acetamide in lorazepam. 4‑Chloroaniline is used as a raw material and 2-chloro-N-(4-chloro-2-(2-chlorobenzoyl)phenyl)acetamide and 2-iodo-N-(4-chloro-2-(2-chlorobenzoyl)phenyl)acetamide are formed as intermediates in the synthesis of anxiety disorder active pharmaceutical ingredient lorazepam. This method provided excellent sensitivity and a typical target analyte level of 150 ppm. This method was developed on an Agilent poroshell 120 EC-C18 (100 × 4.6 mm, 4 µm) column and a photo diode array detector. The proposed method is specific, linear, accurate and precise. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of LOQ to 120% with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. This method has low limits of detection and quantification for all the analytes. Accuracy was observed within the range of 85–115% for all the analytes. The developed method was validated as per the ICH guidelines in terms of specificity, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity range and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retrospective analysis of clinical attributes and incidence of uterine torsion was worked out from the last ten year's records, from 2012-21, maintained at the Veterinary Clinical Complex of the institute in Gujarat (India). The overall incidence of uterine torsion was 14.17 %, with a higher occurrence in pluriparous (63.89%) compared to primiparous goats (36.11%). The majority of goats suffered from postcervical torsion (77.78%) than that of pre-cervical torsion (22.22%), whereas the degree of torsion, <180 and >180 vis-a-vis direction of uterine rotation either to the right or left, distributed equally. Goats carried single kid (97.22%) had significantly (P<0.01) higher incidences of uterine torsion than those carried twins (2.78%). From the present study, it is concluded that uterine torsion prevailed in 14.17 % of goats to cause dystocia and was abundant post-cervical in location with higher incidence associated with singleton pregnancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the physiology of the ductus arteriosus, the pathophysiology of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and the role advanced imaging such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can play in guiding diagnosis and percutaneous or surgical intervention. A PDA can have variable clinical and radiologic presentations and can be important to characterize in patients with vascular rings, aortic maldevelopment and congenital heart disease. An understanding of the PDA and the application of CT and MRI can allow the radiologist to provide key information to physicians who plan to close a PDA or maintain PDA patency in the setting of ductal-dependent congenital heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In India almost 60-70% of its population is residing in rural and remote areas, where the services are yet to reach. Person with disabled face different kinds of barriers in accessing the health & rehabilitation services they require in several settings. Nursing personnel are the key person in community to deliver the various cares so that we need to train the nursing personnel for providing rehabilitative care. Aim: To assess the impact of Advanced Training Program On knowledge regarding Community Based Rehabilitation Protocol among Nursing Personnel Engaged in Community Health Services. Material &Method: Researcher will be used Quantitative research approach. Pre-Experimental design in the form of one group pretest & posttest as a research design. The study will be conducted in Satara district, Randomized sampling technique with 550 Nursing personnel engaged in community health services will be including. The collected data will be analyzed in terms of the objectives of the study using descriptive & inferential statistics. Expected Outcome: Developed & evaluated Community Based Rehabilitation Protocol and advance training program can be utilized by any one. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge there were no any similar studies conducted On Knowledge Regarding Community Based Rehabilitation Protocol among Nursing Personnel Engaged in Community Health Services. All conclusions will be writing down after statistical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigated continuous rectangular spiral shear reinforcement as transverse reinforcement under pure torsion and compared it with conventional concrete beams. This present study tested three different continuous rectangular spiral stirrup (80°, 75°, and 45°) and one with traditional type stirrup (90°). M30 grade concrete and Fe 415 steel were used. The Test results indicate that the maximum ultimate torque at 75° is 32 kNm. Also, the maximum percentage increase in ductility is 19%. The maximum stiffness was observed at 80° stirrups is 2104 kN.m/radians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Privacy-preserving data publishing is a process of releasing the anonymized dataset for various purposes of analysis and research. Earlier, researchers have dealt with datasets considering it would contain only one record for an individual [1:1 dataset], which is uncompromising in various applications. Later, many researchers concentrate on the dataset, where an individual has multiple records [1:M dataset]. In the paper, a model f-slip was proposed that can address the various attacks such as Background Knowledge (bk) attack, Multiple Sensitive attribute correlation attack (MSAcorr), Quasi-identifier correlation attack(QIcorr), Non-membership correlation attack(NMcorr) and Membership correlation attack(Mcorr) in 1:M dataset and the solutions for the attacks. In f-slip, the anatomization was performed to divide the raw table into two sub-tables (1) quasi-identifier and (2) sensitive attributes. The correlation of sensitive attributes is computed to anonymize the sensitive attributes without breaking the linking relationship. Further, the quasi-identifier table was divided and k-anonymity was implemented on it. An efficient anonymization technique, frequency-slicing, was also developed to anonymize the sensitive attributes. The novel approach in the f-slip model is the slicing of records according to the frequency of occurrences of sensitive attribute values in each sub-table. The workload experiment proves that the f-slip model is consistent as the number of records increases. Extensive experiments were performed on a real-world dataset Informs and proved that the f-slip model outstrips the state-of-the-art techniques in terms of utility loss, efficiency and also acquires an optimal balance between privacy and utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The grinding of spices at ambient temperature causes the loss of valuable heat-sensitive constituents. While higher investment and maintenance of cryogenic grinding make it prohibitive for small-scale industries. So, the present study was carried out to check the effects of lowtemperature grinding on various phytochemicals of ground powder of fenugreek seeds. Water at ambient temperature, chilled water and coolant were circulated around the grinding chamber to lower the grinding temperature. Additionally, fenugreek seeds were fed at ambient and low temperatures (-10℃). The temperature inside the grinding chamber at the end of grinding for three kg of fenugreek seeds ranged from 91.33℃-53.33℃ for different treatments. A fall in grinding temperature resulted in the retention of a higher quantity of total phenol (7.71 mg g-1), total flavonoid (12.08 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract), antioxidant activity (21.29%) and volatile components in powder of fenugreek seeds ground by coolant circulation with low-temperature feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are ever-increasing efforts on utilizing non-conventional energy resources so as to reduce the global carbon footprint and reduce pollution caused by extensive use of energy from conventional sources. At the same time, the energy extraction from the abundant marine renewable energy resources which is available offshore need more development due to difference in the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) compared to energy extracted onshore, though the difference in the cost of energy is getting reduced faster than expected. Meanwhile hundreds of already existing offshore platforms in oil and gas industry will undergo decommissioning at the end of its life; which will require the platform to be removed or reused. In this context, the reuse possibility of such decommissioned offshore platforms to be used as support structures for marine renewable energy applications is examined. This paper presents a review on the research efforts on this topic and a discussion on the various aspects involved in the possible reuse of decommissioned offshore fixed platforms for marine renewable energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is difficult for a mother to take care of a preterm baby because a preterm baby will have temperature irregularities, breathing difficulties, and feeding difficulties. Therefore, a mother should be able to take care of the baby in situations such as thermal care, which involves wrapping and drying the baby, covering the baby's head, providing skin-toskin care, and giving breast milk, all of which are essential for a preterm baby. Method: The research strategy that was selected for this study was an evaluatory research strategy, and the research design consisted of a single group for both the pre-test and post-test designs. The research was carried out at the Krishna hospital in Karad, which is a tertiary medical facility. The sample comprises of thirty women who had babies born prematurely. In order to choose the sample, a method known as "purposive sampling" was utilised. The information was gathered through the use of a standardised questionnaire. Result: The end result is that the mean score on the post-test is 26.46, which is much higher than the mean score of 11.96 on the knowledge portion of the pre-test. The value of t was estimated to be 24.07, and the value of p was found to be less than 0.0001, which indicates that the result is highly significant. Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that mothers of premature babies benefit from receiving health education, which leads to an improvement in their understanding on the treatment of premature babies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freshwater ecosystems harbor a vast diversity of Zooplanktons, and such diverse taxonomic groups play important roles in ecosystem functioning and services. Bioindicators are living organisms such as plants, planktons, animals, and microbes, which are utilized to screen the health of the natural ecosystem in the environment. They are used for assessing environmental health and biogeographic changes taking place in the environment. Each organic entity inside a biological system provides an indication regarding the health of its surroundings such as zooplankton responding rapidly to changes taking place in the surrounding environment and serving as an important biomarker for assessing the quality of water as well as an indicator of water pollution. Some species of Zooplanktons are sensitive to water quality oscillations from natural or anthropogenic causes. Information on basic ecological attributes such as abundance or absence can be helpful in the context of hydric resource monitoring. In the present study Zooplankton communities from Vikram Tearth Sarovar (Ujjain) of Madhya Pradesh (India) were sampled from (Jan. 2018-Dec.2018) in order to ascertain the trophic status of these freshwater bodies of Madhya Pradesh using Zooplankton as indicators. The present study discusses Brachionus: Trichocerca ratio for the evaluation of the nature of the recognized Site. Our aim was to identify and understand the abundance of species with potential to monitor water quality in large scale assessments. The selected water body suggested that there was a tremendous anthropogenic pressure on the freshwater bodies of Madhya Pradesh. Different species of plankters have wide as well as narrow range of tolerance towards the fluctuating environmental conditions. It can be inferred from the study that the Vikram Tearth Sarovar is under the tremendous pressures of anthropogenic activities as was reflected by high B/T values. During the present study a total of 53 taxa of zooplankton comprising 24 Rotifers, 15 Cladocerans, 12 Copepods and only 2 Ostracods were found to inhabit the Vikram Tearth Sarovar. The presence of organic pollution indicators Brachionus calyciflorus, Keretella Tropica, Keretella priodonta, Chydorous Sphaericus, Moina sp, Lapdella patella, B. caudatus, B.falactus, Asplanchana brightweli, Asplanchana priodonta, Ceriodaphnia reticulate, Ceriodaphnia sps. etc. is a warning sign of the deteriorating condition of the water quality in the reservoir. Measures need to be enforced to reduce the rate of pollution of the selected water body arising from the human activities in the catchment of the reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Intubation with cuffed endotracheal tube (ETT) is common in operation rooms, critical care, and emergency rooms. The pressure exerted by the cuff on the tracheal mucosa can lead to a reduction in blood flow to the tracheal wall and result in mucosal ischemia. There are many methods for ETT cuff inflation. Aim of the study was to compare the cuff pressures and volumes between the three methods of ETT cuff inflation. Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty patients were randomized into three groups: Group SG (stethescope guided), group AL (audible leak), and group P (palpation). In group SG, the cuff was inflated by auscultating with the bell of the stethoscope over the thyroid cartilage for leak around cuff. In group AL, the cuff was inflated by listening for an audible leak around the cuff with observer's ear 5 cm away from the mouth of the patient. In group P, the cuff was inflated by palpating for a leak over the cricoid and trachea. The adequacy of the cuff seal was compared between the groups by assessing the volumes of additional air needed to stop the leak around the cuff as confirmed by supraglottic capnometry. Results: The initial volumes needed to inflate the cuff were significantly more in the stethoscope (SG) and hearing (AL) groups than in the palpation (P) group (SG = 5.1 ± 1.4 ml, AL = 4.6 ± 1.6 ml, P = 3.1 ± 0.9 ml; SG and AL vs. P, P < 0.001). Additional cuff volumes required to achieve zero leak around cuff by supraglottic capnometry were 0.85 ± 1 ml in group SG, 1.3 ± 1.1 ml in group AL, and 2.237 ± 0.8 ml in group P (SG vs. P and AL vs. P; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Out of the auscultation-guided, audible leak-guided, and palpation-guided methods of ETT cuff inflation, the auscultation-guided and audible leak-guided methods achieve significantly better tracheal seal than the palpation-guided method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of graphene-based corrosion protective coatings has been received much interest due to its ability to prevent the metal surface. Herein, zinc and Zn-reduced graphene oxide (Zn-rGO) composite coatings are electrochemically deposited on mild steel using an acid sulphate bath solution in the absence and presence of rGO, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques are used to study electrochemical corrosion behaviour of coatings. The surface morphology results reveal that the Zn-rGO coating exhibits a smaller grain size with less surface defects compared to pure zinc coating. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance results confirm a significant increase in corrosion resistance by incorporation of rGO to zinc matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expression of the central circadian oscillator components CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1), TIMING OF CAB1 (TOC1), GIGANTEA (GI), and CONSTANS (CO) occurs in Glycine max root cells (syncytia) parasitized by the nematode Heterodera glycines while undergoing resistance, indicating a defense role. GmCCA1-1 relative transcript abundance (RTA) in roots experiencing overexpression (OE) or RNA interference (RNAi) is characterized by rhythmic oscillations, compared to a ribosomal protein gene (GmRPS21) control. A GmCCA1-1 RTA change, advancing by 12 h, exists in H. glycines -infected as compared to uninfected controls in wild-type, H. glycines -resistant, G. max [Peking/PI 548402]. The G. max [Peking/PI 548402] transgenic controls exhibit the RTA change by 4 h post infection (hpi), not consistently occurring in the H. glycines -susceptible G. max [Williams 82/PI 518671] until 56 hpi. GmCCA1-1 expression is observed to be reduced in H. glycines -infected GmCCA1-1 -OE roots as compared to non-infected transgenic roots with no significant change observed among RNAi roots. The GmCCA1-1 expression in transgenic GmCCA1-1 -OE roots remains higher than control and RNAi roots. Decreased GmCCA1-1 mRNA among infected roots shows the altered expression is targeted by H. glycines. Gene expression of proven defense genes including 9 different mitogen activated protein kinases (GmMAPK s), NON-RACE SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (GmNDR1-1), RPM1-INTERACTING PROTEIN 4 (GmRIN4-4), and the secreted xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase 43 (GmXTH43) in GmCCA1- 1-OE and GmCCA1-1 -RNAi roots, compared to controls, reveal a significant role of GmCCA1-1 expression in roots undergoing defense to H. glycines parasitism. The observation that GmCCA1-1 regulates GmXTH43 expression links the central circadian oscillator to the functionality of the secretion system. • Central circadian oscillator genes are expressed in nematode-parasitized root cells undergoing defense. • The overexpression of the central circadian oscillator genes suppresses parasitism. • The central circadian oscillator gene CCA1-1 regulates the expression of proven defense genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human body is colonized by a complex ecosystem of microbes that play a significant role in determining the fitness of the host. The epigenetic signatures of probiotic microorganisms also define the functional role of microbiota in the intestine and further facilitate exploring their beneficial properties. Development in the areas of molecular biology and genomics has paved way for engineering of microorganisms. The advent of genome editing tools such as CRISPR-Cas, has revolutionized new possibilities for genetic engineering in probiotics for enhanced immune response, antimicrobial properties and applications in biotherapeutics. Here, we discuss the present status of genome editing used in epigenome engineering of the gut microbiota and role of different types of CRISPR-Cas systems. Applications of CRISPR-Cas system can be harnessed to modify probiotic microbes in order to regulate gene expressions and produce desired metabolite. These techniques illuminate novel approaches to metabolic engineering and draw attention towards poorly characterized biosynthetic pathways. In addition, future prospects of these tools can be applied to investigate the interactions between gut microbiome and the host, hence, contributing to the development of novel therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought is a predominant factor responsible for yield reduction throughout the world. The current scenario of climate change and global warming are further causing frequent and severe droughts, which emphasize the need to understand the response of plants to drought stress. Hence, it is imperative to develop a system wherein water utilization in agriculture is managed more efficiently. In this context, the plant root system which is in close association with soil assumes greater importance and they play an important role in plant growth and development by exploiting soil water and nutrients. Root traits such as root diameter, length, specific area, angle, length and density are considered useful traits for improving plant growth under drought conditions. This review on root dynamics under drought stress presented here provides readers with the latest information on root system architecture, genetics, physiology and molecular responses of roots under drought stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel fibre-reinforced concrete (SFRC) has shown better performance behaviour with respect to the post-crack strength and in restricting the crack width and its propagation. Studies on behaviour of SFRC under repeated loading are a significant work. Behaviour of reinforced concrete structures during ground excitations in the form of earthquake forces could be significantly improved by addition of steel fibres in suitable dosage. Fibre type, aspect ratio, and dosage of fibres significantly influence the behaviour of steel fibre-reinforced concrete. Here, the work carried by various researchers with respect to the studies on the behaviour of SFRC under monotonic and cyclic stress in compression is presented. An experimental investigation on stress–strain characteristics of SFRC under monotonic loading in compression was carried, comprising M20 grade concrete, hooked-end steel fibres (l = 50 mm, diameter = 1 mm), and varying fibre dosages of 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, and 1.75% by volume of concrete. The stress–strain characteristics arrived based on the above experimental studies were compared with theoretical stress–strain characteristics, based on the equations proposed in literature. This served in understanding the behaviour of SFRC with respect to their stress–strain characteristics using experimental studies and by theoretical models, and analyse the extent of agreement and acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retrograde movement of gastric contents into the pharynx is termed Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR). It represents an extraesophageal manifestation associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The objective of the study is to investigate the clinical profile of LPR and its response to treatment. Three hundred consecutive patients who presented to the ENT outpatient department with a clinical profile of LPR were selected. The patients’ symptoms were assessed using the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), followed by an endoscopic examination of the larynx and scoring using the Reflux Finding Score (RFS). Patients were started on LPR treatment if they had an RSI score of 13 and an RFS of more than 7. The patients were then started on medication and monitored for three months. The most common symptom in our research sample (52%) was a foreign body sensation in the throat. On endoscopic examination of the larynx, the most common sign was hyperemia/erythema of laryngeal tissue, especially bilateral arytenoids. Most of our patients responded favorably to a combination of pantoprazole (40 mg) and domperidone (30 mg) for 4 weeks. This was measured by the reduction in RSI and RFS scores. LPR is a frequently encountered clinical entity, and otorhinolaryngologists should consider it when treating patients with chronic symptoms such as throat pain and voice changes. Appropriate LPR diagnosis and care can help prevent unnecessary prescriptions for antibiotics and surgical interventions in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel hybrid nanofluid was explored in order to find an efficient heat-transmitting fluid to replace standard fluids and revolutionary nanofluids. By using tangent hyperbolic hybrid combination nanoliquid with non-Newtonian ethylene glycol (EG) as a basis fluid and a copper (Cu) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) mixture, this work aims to investigate the viscoelastic elements of the thermal transferring process. Flow and thermal facts, such as a slippery extended surface with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), suction/injection, form factor, Joule heating, and thermal radiation effects, including changing thermal conductivity, were also integrated. The Keller–Box method was used to perform collective numerical computations of parametric analysis using governing equivalences. In the form of graphs and tables, the results of TiO2–Cu/EG hybrid nanofluid were compared to those of standard Cu/EG nanofluid in important critical physical circumstances. The entropy generation study was used to examine energy balance and usefulness for important physically impacting parameters. Detailed scrutiny on entropy development get assisted with Weissenberg number, magnetic parameter, fractional volumes, injection parameter, thermal radiation, variable thermal conductivity, Biot number, shape variation parameter, Reynolds and Brinkman number. Whereas the entropy gets resisted for slip and suction parameter. In this case, spotted entropy buildup with important parametric ranges could aid future optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite materials have become a viable alternative material for different engineering applications due to their superior/excellent properties. The strength of the composite is positively related to the orientation of the fiber material. However, the machinability is still a problem when components are manufactured using the GFRP composites due to their anisotropic properties. The aim of this analytical research paper is to investigate the influence of fiber orientation on the strength and machinability in slot milling of GFRP fabricated using the vacuum infusion method. The fiber orientations of 0°/90° and ±45° are used for the fabrication of GFRP composite laminates. The experiments were conducted using an orthogonal array. Analysis of variance was employed to determine the influence of milling parameters such as cutting speed, transverse feed rate, and axial depth of cut (A.D.O.C.) for the surface finish (Ra), cutting force, and Machinability index (MI). The MI is calculated based on specific cutting pressure. The influence of fiber orientation on the cutting force and surface topography was analyzed. It was concluded that the cutting forces were significantly influenced by the fiber orientation and not affected by the machining parameters. The results revealed that the transverse feed rate was the primary influencing parameter responsible for the increase in MI (40 to 56%). The A.D.O.C. was accountable for the increase in cutting force (55 to 94%). Similarly, the cutting speed influenced Ra, which increased from 17 to 37%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marine industry is highly dependent on oil as the fuel and the increased consumption of this fast-depleting oil recourse creates a shortage of fuel for the future as well as pollutes the environment. The pollution of water bodies also seriously affects marine life. Thus, the need for an alternate sustainable fuel source is of great importance. One such feasible alternative energy source is wind energy. The abundance, free availability and ease of conversion make it an ideal alternative to oil. Wind energy can be extracted by wind turbines or by sails. The sails convert the wind energy directly into energy for propulsion. The challenge in the conversion is the relative angle of attack of wind on the sail. The wind cannot be expected to be always in the direction of the course of the ship. When the wind is at an angle to the direction of the course, the thrust in the course director will be reduced and a component of thrust is developed on the sail which shifts the course of the ship. Bringing the ship back to the original course will create an additional expenditure of fuel. In such circumstances modification of the sail section shape from its conventional form to an optimal form helps to reduce these deficiencies. Therefore, the effort here is to numerically analyze the aerodynamic characteristics of wing-sails and to optimize their shape. The aerofoil NACA 0018 used here was chosen through a high fidelity two-dimensional computational analysis which was done earlier. The tip of the NACA 0018 was further modified by tilting it through different angles and at different chord positions forming a flap. The main objective of the study is to optimize the angle and the position of the flap relative to the chord of the aerofoil. The flapped airfoils were formed by modifying them from 10% chord length to 60% chord length. That flap angle was also varied from 0 degrees to 50 degrees in steps of 10- deg. The angle of attack on the sail was varied from 0 to 10 degrees in steps of 2 degrees. The thrust in the direction of course and the lateral thrust of each of these sail sections were estimated, tabulated and graphs were plotted. Analyzing these, an optimum shape for the sail section is derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Intrusion detection, become a new paradigm in mobile ad hoc network which provide a sense of security to the existing computer and data network, is a retro‐fit approach. The goal of intrusion detection, unauthorized use, misuse, and by insiders and both external penetrator system is to identify the abuse of computer systems. The increase of the connection of the computer system will provide greater access to outsiders; for the intruder, the identification of avoidance becomes a challenge. We propose a multicast on‐route cluster propagation (MORCP) based network intrusion detection system to improve the security based on route analysis. The number of IDS of the prototype has been developed in a number of transmissions on miss‐behavioral transmission. Some of them also have been experimentally deployed in a production system. In addition, segregate path identification algorithm (SPIA) of host‐based and network‐based IDS is investigated, and the characteristics of the corresponding system are identified. In host‐based systems, most of the network‐based IDS, to construct a detection mechanism on the network traffic monitored, as well, while some adoption host audit trail, in order to detect the intrusion activity, input as the main source of information, to adopt an audit trail of the hot operating system. The overview of typical use statistical anomaly detection algorithm in IDS is also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the most important legume crops cultivated throughout the world. Cowpea is used as food, feed, forage, fodder, green manuring and vegetable. It's seed is a nutritious component in the human diet, as well as for livestock. Seed hardening and pelleting are seed enhancement techniques used to improve seed germination and seedling vigour and growth by altering the physiological state of the seed. This alteration may improve the vigor or the physiology of the seed by enhancing uniformity of germination. Seed enhancement techniques like hardening and priming include use of chemicals that trigger systemic acquired resistance or improve stress tolerance whereas the pelleting treatments improve seed handling and planting. They also enhance nutrient availability or provide inoculates by delivering materials needed during sowing, germination and seedling establishment. Hence in order to study the combined effect of seed hardening and pelleting on growth, yield and resultant seed quality of cowpea under natural saline conditions, the present study was taken up. Methods: The present field and laboratory investigations were carried out to study the effect of seed hardening, seed pelleting and their combined effect on growth, physiology, yield and resultant seed quality of cowpea under natural saline conditions. The fresh seeds of cowpea seeds cv. CO (CP) 7 were hardened with KCl @ 1%, CaCl2 @ 1% and both KCl and CaCl2 @ 1% and then the hardened seeds were further pelleted with pungam leaf powder @ 100, 150 and 200 g kg-1 of seed. Then the treated seeds were evaluated for their seed productivity and resultant seed qualities using untreated seeds as control. Observations on growth, leaf chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters, yield and resultant seed quality parameters were recorded. Result: The experimental results revealed that among the treatments, seeds hardened with KCl @ 1% + CaCl2 @ 1% and pelleted with pungam leaf powder @ 200 g per kg recorded higher growth, yield parameters, leaf chlorophyll content, gas exchange parameters and resultant seed quality when compared to control and other treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Morphological features including interarterial course, intramural course, high ostial location and slit-like ostium are presumed risk factors for sudden cardiac death in children with anomalous aortic origin of the coronary artery (AAOCA). To facilitate clinical risk stratification, the diagnostic accuracy of CT angiography for individual risk factors in the setting of AAOCA must be established. Objective: We assessed diagnostic accuracy of standardized CT angiography interpretation for morphological characteristics that might determine risk in children with AAOCA by comparing them to surgical findings. Materials and methods: We created a standardized protocol for CT angiography of AAOCA and retrospectively evaluated diagnostic performance in 25 consecutive surgical patients. Relevant morphological variables in AAOCA were assessed by three independent blinded readers, with surgery as the reference standard. We used Cohen kappa coefficients and accuracies to assess agreement between readers and surgical findings, and we calculated intraclass correlation coefficients to compare length of the intramural course. Results: CT angiography correctly identified AAOCA in all patients. For the three readers, accuracies for detecting ostial stenosis were 84%, 94% and 96%; for high ostial origin, accuracies were 76%, 78% 82%; for intramurality using the peri-coronary fat sign, accuracies were 98%, 96% and 92%; and for intramurality using oval shape of coronary artery, accuracies were 98%, 94% and 92%. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for predicting intramural length among the three readers were 0.67, 0.75 and 0.81 using peri-coronary fat, and 0.69, 0.50 and 0.81 using oval shape, respectively. Conclusion: CT angiography reliably identified AAOCA in all children and detected the presence of intramurality with high accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in distinguishing between benign and malignant soft tissue lesions. The study included 54 adults with soft tissue lesions, and various MRI techniques were used to analyze different parameters. The results showed that certain parameters, such as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and the type of mean curve, were effective in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions. The study concludes that multiparametric MRI is a valuable tool for distinguishing between these types of lesions. However, the study had some limitations, such as the lack of true diffusion coefficient analysis and MR spectroscopy. [Extracted from the article]

One of the uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAV) in a Flying Ad-hoc network (FANET) can link directly to the infrastructure. At the same time, the other UAVs in the system may have a multi-hop connection in which each node works as a relay and a data collection node. We may not have the support of traditional infrastructure-based networks when natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes strike. This is fatal because trapped people are challenging to find by search and rescue personnel. In such cases, an airborne network of small drones is valuable for giving quick and adequate coverage of the affected area and instant insights to rescue workers. At the same time, such networks face various challenges, and ongoing research and development show promise in making such technology more dependable and effective. This paper presents Multidimensional Perception and Energy Awareness Optimized Link State Routing (MPEAOLSR) for Flying Ad-hoc networks, which is based on Reinforcement Learning (RL). The protocol is a mobile wireless LAN-specific version of the traditional link state algorithm. The protocol largely relies on the idea of multipoint relays (MPRs). During the flooding process, MPRs are chosen to forward broadcast messages. This technique considerably minimizes message overhead associated to a standard flooding system in which each node retransmits each message after receiving the first copy. In RL-MPEAOLSR, only nodes designated as MPRs generate link state information. Furthermore, the RL-MPEAOLSR node can opt to report just links between itself and its MPR selectors, decreasing the number of control messages flooding the network. Because MPRs function well in large and dense networks, the MPEAOLSR protocol is suited for them. The proposed approach outperforms the conventional Energy Awareness Optimised Link State Routing for Flying Ad-Hoc Networks, according to the results. The technique far outperforms current methods in terms of modern bandwidth consumption of 1478.04kpbs, network density of 95.64%, packet delivery ratio of 95.85%, packet loss ratio of 31.94%, delay in transmission time of 6.981 s and accuracy 6.981%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous platelet concentration in a small amount of plasma. It has been employed in numerous medical sectors for over two decades. Fluoroscopic guided epidural injection of PRP has been found to be an effective treatment for lumbar discogenic pain in multiple researches. The goal of this study was to see how effective this new therapy technique was at relieving pain and improving functional outcome in patients with single-level lumbar discogenic pain. Materials and Methods: In this prospective analysis, 33 patients having low back pain and unilateral radiculopathy whomever not responded to conservative treatment were enrolled. Under fluoroscopic guidance, all patients received an epidural injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). A systematic process was used to make PRP from the patient's own blood. The primary outcome measure was change in pain intensity from baseline to 24 weeks follow-up, as measured by VAS, SLRT, and secondary outcome measures included changes in functional status and quality of life, as measured by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and RMDQ, respectively. Results: The study included 33 patients, with a mean age of 44 years (range, 22-60 years). At 24th week follow-up, there was a significant improvement in pain intensity, as measured by VAS (mean difference-0.8; F value-261.366; p<0.001), SLRT (mean difference-74.4; F value-194.61; p<0.001) and functional outcome RMDQ (mean difference-3.4; F value-303.621; p<0.001), ODI (mean difference-11.2; F value-363.648; p<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that fluoroscopic guided epidural injections of platelet rich plasma may be an effective treatment for single level lumbar discogenic pain. This is a promising finding, as previous treatments for this condition have had limited success. More research is needed to confirm these results, but if they are borne out by further studies, this could be a major breakthrough in the management of discogenic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retraction of: I Scientific Reports i https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03392-8, published online 15 December 2021 The Editors have retracted this Article. S. Suriya Uma Devi, Rabha W. Ibrahim, Faisal Shahzad, Mohamed R. Eid, Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty, M. Motawi Khashan, and I. S. Yahia did not reply to the correspondence about the retraction. Retraction Note: A brief comparative examination of tangent hyperbolic hybrid nanofluid through a extending surface: numerical Keller-Box scheme. [Extracted from the article]

Simple Summary: Pediatric hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is a rare tumor and often observed in abnormal livers. Despite advances in adults, there is little progress in understanding the origin and management of pediatric HCAs. Evidence of multifocality, malignant transformation and rupture in a subset of patients warrant a thorough understanding of this rare entity to guide optimum management. We present a concise review of the current literature on HCA, with a focus and comparative assessment on pediatric patients. Current understanding and classification of pediatric hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are largely based on adult data. HCAs are rare in children and, unlike in adults, are often seen in the context of syndromes or abnormal background liver. Attempts to apply the adult classification to pediatric tumors have led to several "unclassifiable" lesions. Although typically considered benign, few can show atypical features and those with beta-catenin mutations have a risk for malignant transformation. Small lesions can be monitored while larger (>5.0 cm) lesions are excised due to symptoms or risk of bleeding/rupture, etc. Management depends on gender, age, underlying liver disease, multifocality, size of lesion, histologic subtype and presence of mutation, if any. In this review, we summarize the data on pediatric HCAs and highlight our experience with their diagnosis and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal manufacturing plants, nuclear power plants (which produce steam, by using thermal energy yielded during the nuclear fission, for spinning enormous turbines to generate electricity), and geothermal power plants are a few in the extensive list of technologies where different processes occur in high temperature environment in the presence of strong magnetic fields. Nanofluids (NFs), on the other hand, have been successful in achieving wide acceptance as the next generation coolant in the above mentioned industries as well as in the automobiles, heat exchangers, and steam boilers, owing to their remarkable thermal performance. These observations motivate the authors to explore the change in the movement and thermal behavior of nanofluid (being used as a coolant) under a strong Lorentz force. We have considered the flow (being driven by counter-moving lids) containing nanoparticles in a square cavity subject to magnetic source below. Single-phase model (based on the assumption that the solid nanoparticles together with host fluid are in thermal equilibrium, with the same velocity field) has been employed for mathematically modeling the nanofluid, whereas a pseudo-transient approach is approved to treat the governing equations numerically in the stream-vorticity form. Nanoparticle volume fraction (0.0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.2), Reynolds number (1 ≤ Re ≤ 300) and Magnetic parameter (0 ≤ Mn ≤ 1000) are the ranges considered for the governing parameters, considered in the present investigation. We have noted that the nanoparticle concentration and the Lorentz force do not influence the Nusselt number much at the upper wall of the cavity whereas a remarkable rise in the heat transfer is noted in the upward direction, along the right vertical wall. Further, by almost doubling the magnetic field intensity, as high as 40% reduction in the average Nusselt number along the left vertical wall has been noted, whereas the friction factor undergoes a nearly 60% increase along the lower horizontal wall. We have also noted the emergence of new vortices in the flow field, as a result of the imposition of the magnetic force. It is therefore recommended that special care must be taken, about the presence of external magnetic fields, where vortices negatively influence the performance of industrial processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid industrialization has led to the generation of a considerable amount of waste, both solid and liquid, in industrial fields like food processing, sugar, pulp, sago or starch, dairies, paper, fruit processing, poultry, distilleries, slaughterhouses, tanneries, and so forth. Despite the requirement for pollution control measures, the waste is discharged into water bodies or generally dumped on land without appropriate management, and thus becomes a significant source of environmental pollution and health hazards. The most essential step of waste management is the segregation of waste into the various elements, and normally this process is done automatically by hand-picking. A smart waste material classification technique is required to simplify the procedures. Therefore, the study presents a new Metaheuristics with Deep Transfer Learning Enabled Detection and Classification Methods for Industrial Waste Management (MDTLDC-IWM) method. The presented MDTLDC-IWM model facilitates the use of DL models for the identification and classification of waste materials in the IWM system. To accomplish this, the presented MDTLDC-IWM model follows two key phases, namely waste object recognition and waste object classification. At the initial stage, the YOLO-v5 object detector with the Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) algorithm is used. Next, in the second stage, the stacked sparse auto encoder (SSAE) model is applied for the waste object classification method. The SSAE model is effectively optimized using the Aquila Optimization Algorithm (AOA), which helps to accomplish maximum classification of waste objects. The MDTLDC-IWM model has achieved a precision of 96.84 percent and an F score of 96.71 percent. A benchmark dataset is used to test the experimental validity of the presented MDTLDC-IWM model. Extensive comparative analysis reported the enhanced performance of the MDTLDC-IWM model over recent state-of-the-art approaches. [Display omitted] • This study introduces a novel Metaheuristics with Deep Transfer Learning Enabled Detection and Classification Methods for Industrial Waste Management (MDTLDC-IWM) approach. • The described MDTLDC-IWM model supports the employment of DL models in the IWM system for the identification and classification of waste products. Since the YOLO-v5 object detector with the Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) method is employed. • The stacked sparse auto encoder (SSAE) model is utilised for the classification of waste objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]