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The article presents titles and abstracts of papers submitted at a meeting held in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1938. The paper "The Sequent Occupance of a Boston Suburban Community," presented by Edward A. Ackerman focuses on areas surrounding the Boston metropolitan district. The proximity of a large city market, plots of level land and fertile soil determine the existence of these suburban fanning communities. The article "The Recession of Victoria Falls," by Wallace W. Atwood. The world famous falls on the Zainbesi have had a strange and remarkable history in recession. The gorge is serpentine with many curious off-shoots, and located on the floor of a broad and much older flat-bottomed valley. Today the water tumbles over a ledge, fully a mile in length, and into a very narrow chasm 350 ft. deep.

The article focuses on four papers by the geographer, Ralph H. Brown. The writings of Brown in historical geography of the U.S. are among the notable contributions to American geography. His many articles, as well as his two major works, "Mirror for Americans," and "Historical Geography of the United States," demonstrate his concept of historical geography with eminent clarity and with scholarly regard for the origins of that concept. He observed existing geographic facts and he searched historical records.

Presents abstracts of papers presented at the Association of American Geographers' 1942 meeting in New York City. "Rural-Urban Population Ratios," by Alford Archer; "Land Classification in the Matanuska Valley," by Meredith F. Burrill; "Siberian Resources for Soviet Warfare," by George B. Cressey; "Geographical distribution of human productivity," by Ellsworth Huntington. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the title and abstracts of papers presented during the 1934 annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Increasing significance of geographic conditions in the growth of nation-states; Erosional history of the wind river range, Wyoming; Long-lot farm and economic in public services.

Studies the abstracts of several research papers on geography in the U.S. in 1935. Variability series of crop and livestock maps of Nebraska; Technique for constructing a population and urban land use map; Effects of sea temperature on anomalies in seasonal temperature and rainfall departures.

Studies the abstracts of several research papers on geography in the U.S. in 1925. Beet sugar industry of Nebraska as a response to geographic environment; Physiographic stages in the evolution of the San Juan Mountain region in Colorado; Urban development in the Kentucky mountains.

Presents a list of titles and abstracts of papers regarding geography presented to the Association of American Geographers from 1904 to 1910.

The article presents abstracts of the papers presented at the 63rd annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers, Saint. Louis, Missouri. The meeting took place in April 1967. The paper "Defense and the Morphology of Certain Settlements in the Western Mediterranean," discusses economic growth. Another paper "Approach to a Generating Model for Climatic Statistics," discusses a set of probability models for generating climatic statistics. After a brief review of previous work on this subject, a model based on moving waves superimposed, on standing waves in the zonal winds is outlined.

The article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers, Columbus, Ohio on April 18-21, 1965. The paper on the "The Use of Fodder and Livestock Units in Agricultural Geography: A Case Study of Soviet Land Use Policy," by John Anderson focuses on the need for better research tools in agricultural geography. The fodder unit, a concept development by livestock nutritionists, while having some limitations, appears to have some potential for research in agricultural geography.

The article presents a collection of abstracts of the research papers presented at the 57th annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers, which was held in Miami Beach, Florida in April, 1962. The papers listed here includes "The Campus Fringe--A Landscape Phenomenon," by John Alexander. This paper analyses the problems related to the expansion of universities including that of campus fringe, the area which surround a college or university. What are the problems of campus fringes, How have these problems been faced by different schools, are there any principles which research geographers might discover which would be useful to campus authorities facing decisions regarding expansion problems, all these points have been considered by the researcher.

The article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 47th annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers, held at Chicago, Illinois between march 19, 1951 and march 22, 1951. Lewis M. Alexander presents the paper Survey of Commercial Rivalry between the North Sea Ports of Belgium and the Netherlands. Homer Aschmann presents the paper Consumer-oriented Classification of the Products of Tropical Agriculture. Tracy B. Augur presented the paper on Regional-Urban Relationships. George Beishlag presented the paper on What Cartography Can Do for Geography Students.

The article presents titles and abstracts of papers related to geography. In the paper Outlines of Some Foreign Settlements in Nebraska the author holds that Nebraska was settled principally by people form groups called settlements. latter tended to form groups called settlements. The paper shows for a few of these the origin, development and changes in form. Careful mapping shows this to be somewhat in error. In the article The Place of Geodesy in Scientific Geography the article holds that Geodesy is one of the important branches of geography and is essential in the determination of the shape and size of the earth, a knowledge of which is necessary in geographic research and investigations.

The article presents summaries of papers delivered at the 125th annual meeting of the American Statistical Association. The meeting took place on September 1965 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In the paper "On the Construction of Stochastic Working Life Tables," by Haskel Benishay, stochastic working life tables are constructed and evaluated. The essence of the construction of stochastic rather than the traditionally deterministic working life tables is in the utilization of the realistic assumptions that the number of births, the number of entries into the labor force, the duration of life, and the duration of working life, are random variables. The end result is a working life table with a double entry in each cell rather than the single traditional one. The implications of this approach for the evaluation of fluctuations in various subcomponents of the labor force are evaluated. Another paper "Measuring Elasticities of Air Travel," by Samuel L. Brown, summarizes research on the response of demand for air travel to differences of fares, incomes, and elapsed travel time. There are three kinds of studies. Multiple regression studies of time series of air traffic, fares and income in the national domestic market yield short-period fare elasticities and income-elasticities. A quarterly first-difference model stands well the usual statistical tests.

Presents abstract of papers presented at the 64th annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers in Washington D. C. Automobile Commuting in Large Suburbs: A Comparative Analysis of Private Car Use in the Daily Journey to Work; Drought and Municipal Water Resources Management; Local Air Circulations-A Case Study in Air Pollution Climatology.

Presents an abstract of papers presented at the 53rd annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers in Cincinnati, Ohio. "The Marine Terraces," by Charles S. Alexander; "Conflicting Claims to Sovereignty Over Sea Areas," by Lewis M. Alexander; "Some Regional Aspects of Agricultural Land Use and Development in the U.S.," by James R. Anderson.

Presents abstracts of papers presented at the 51st annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers on April 11-14, 1955 in Memphis, Tennessee. Research in the design and use of geography teaching materials; Influence of underlying rock structures on valley profiles in the Georgia Piedmont; Review of the users of public land survey records as descriptive resources.

Presents abstracts of papers presented during the 44th annual meeting of the Association of Americal Geographers, held in Charlottesville, Virginia. Statistical cartography; Progressive grading of communities for maps and statistics; Some problems relating to the accumulation of geographical statistical information.

Presents abstracts of papers contributed to the program of the forty-third annual meeting, held in Columbus, Ohio. "Principles Underlying Domestic and Place Names," by Meredith F. Burrill; "Weaknesses of Current Cartographic Profiles," by William E. Davies; "A Method of Constructing Azimuthal Air Charts With Any Selected Place at the Center," by Carl H. Mapes; "Presents Status of The International Map of the World at 1:1,000,000," by Eleanor M. Rowell; Others.

Studies the abstracts of several research papers on geography in the U.S. in 1932. Mountain ranges; Physical setting of the ancient Mayan civilization in the highlands of Guatemala; Glaciation.

Studies the abstracts of several research papers on geography in 1931. Population changes; Regional physiography; Regional shifts in land use.

Presents abstracts of geography-related papers, as of March 1926. "The Status of Zoogeography in North America," by Chas. C. Adams; "Settlement and Economic Development of the San Juan Region of Colorado," by Wallace W. Atwood; "Culture and Landscape at Madison, Wisconsin," by V.C. Finch.

The article presents an alphabetical list of abstracts and titles of abstracts submitted for papers presented at meetings of the American Statistical Association and Biometric Society in Washington D.C., in December 1967. The abstract "Indians and Smudges on the Census Schedule," by Donald S. Akers and Elizabeth A. Larmon, is an explanation of how certain anomalies in the reported characteristics of American Indians in the 1960 Census are to be explained by systematic smudging of the census schedules. The abstract "Input-Output and the Economy," by Clopper Almon explains that input-output and regression analysis were once considered rival tools for analysis of the economy. In those days, the constancy of the coefficients seemed a crucial issue in deciding whether or not to use input-output. Today, thanks to the progress in computer hardware and model building technique, regression analysis and input-output complement one another and the constancy of coefficients need be assumed only where we know of no better assumption.

Presents abstracts of articles related to geography. "Tornado Frequencies in the United States and Their Relation to Storm Tracks"; "Notes on thePhysiography of the Southern Maracaibo Lowland of Venezuela".

Industrial espionage has been raised to a sophisticated level today, but pirating labor is still the quickest and surest way to get at a competitor's trade secrets. The loss of trade secrets through changes in employment was a principal topic of discussion at the eighth annual conference of the Patent, Trademark, and Copyright Research Institute of George Washington University held in Washington in July 1964. Conferees agreed that losses occur because employers put a price on their ethics and employees on their loyalty. As professor Richard B. Morris has made clear, pirating of workers and interference with contract relations in American history goes back to the colonial period, when both bound servants and hired workers were enticed away from their employers for their labor and their skills. Stolen manufacturing processes were the basis for the establishment of the textile industry in this country. The seduction of workers by pirates of manufacturing processes was a real and present danger to a community of manufacturers along Brandywine Creek in northern Delaware in the early nineteenth century.

Presents a reply to the commentary of John W. Pawling regarding the author's paper "Early Perception of a High Plain in Michigan." Summary of the main points of the paper; Examination of the reviewer's comments; Contentions on Pawling's claims.

The article presents bibliography of some papers on the labor history of the U.S. for 1969 published in various periodicals. Some of these papers include "Labor History: Sources and Perspectives," by Richard C. Berner published in the Pacific Northwest Quarterly, "Annual Bibliography of Periodical Articles on American Labor History: 1967" by Michael Brook published in Labor History, "Three Problems for the Labor Historian," by Nuala McGann Drescher published in the Pacific Northwest Quarterly, "Manuscript Sources in the Library of Congress for a Study of Labor History," by Paul T. Heifron published in the Labor History, "Listening to the Inarticulate: William Dream and the Loyalties of American Revolutionary Seamen in British Prisons," by Jesse Lemisch published in the Journal of Social History, "The Educational Philosophy and Practices of Robert Owen: Educational Iconoclast of the 19th Century," by Alfred Lightfoot and "Salvation in the Slums: Evangelical Social Welfare Work, 1865-1920," by Norris Alden Magnuson.

The article presents a bibliography of periodicals and papers on the history of the American labor. According to the author the scope of this bibliography is, in fact, somewhat narrower than the title suggests, as it has been confined, with one or two exceptions, to learned periodicals. The list of papers on the period of labor development in the U. S. includes "Labor and the Federal Government: 1850-1933," by Albert A. Blum, , "Labor and the Radical Republicans: a Study of the Revival of the American Labor Movement, 1864-1868," by David Montgomery, "Cooperative Community in the North: Brigham City, Utah," by Leonard J. Arrington, "The Experimental Utopia in America," by Maren Lockwood, "The Failure of the Movement by the Unemployed for Public `Works in 1873," by Herbert G. Gutman, "Economic Growth and the Opportunities of Minorities: an Analysis of Changes in the Employment of Negroes and Women," by Dale Leroy Hiestand, and "The Poles and Anthracite Unions in Pennsylvania," by Victor R. Greene.

This paper seeks to assess the utility of the transactional model of individual stress. According to the logic of the model, whether persons manifest stress is a multiplicative function of both situational and individual characteristics. The paper briefly discusses possible advantages of the perspective over other frames of reference. Then it describes a pilot study designed to determine whether hypotheses based on the transactional model could be supported empirically. Utilizing interview data from a small probability sample of all adults in the state of Missouri, scales were constructed by an improved method of item analysis for use as indicators of variations in stress and the situational and individual factors. Comparing stress scores by situational and individual variables produced results indicative of a multiplicative relationship and thus supportive of theories derived from the transactional perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minority groups differ from one another, among other things, in the extent to which they are integrated into or apart from the societies to which they belong. The extent of this integration or apartness is reflected in the various ways in which the minorities differ from the rest of the population, such as in the effect of economic class upon voting. No minority group is ever completely integrated into its society, for complete integration is tantamount to the extinction of group identity. No minority group is ever completely apart, for the term "minority" implies the existence of a majority with which the minority forms a common society. The dimension of integration-apartness is related to but not identical with the dimension of assimilation. Assimilation refers to the replacement or modification of group characteristics as a consequence of out-group contacts. Integration refers to the extent a minority actually forms a part of the body politic of its society. Thus, German "non-Aryan" Christians were fully assimilated but, in the Third Reich, certainly not integrated into the German society. In general, the term "integration" is applicable at various levels of analysis. We talk of the integration of individuals into groupings, the integration of these groupings into further units, and the integration of these into larger units in turn. In the case of our study, individuals are more or less integrated into their respective minority groups, and these in turn are more or less integrated into their respective societies. We are concerned in this paper with developing a measure for the degree of integration of minority groups into their societies. The basic proposition of this paper is: The more apart a minority group is from its society, the more will it differ from that society as a whole in the effect of economic class upon voting. An analysis of the voting of two minorities in Central Europe illustrates the above proposition. This is followed by comments on minority group voting in the United States and Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is concerned with testing an application of a theory of investment behavior based on the neo-classical theory of optimal capital accumulation. The demand for capital is determined to maximize net worth under the neo-classical conditions of production. With the assumption of a lag in the completion of investment projects, gross investment is a distributed lag function of period-to-period changes in desired capital stock. The investment process is divided into a series of separate stages, the first stage being a change in the demand for capital services, intermediate stages being for letting contracts, and so on, and the final stage the actual investment expenditure. To extend the theory to include anticipated investment expenditures, these are treated as a special kind of intermediate stage. The purposes of the paper are to test hypotheses about the internal structure of the investment process when viewed in this way, and to investigate whether forecasting actual investment expenditures by treating the investment process in this way can improve upon the method used by the OBE-SEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information about Samuel S. Wilks, a great contributor to statistics. Wilks' behavior toward applications was peculiarly split, he encouraged his students to work on applications, not always an easy thing to do in a strongly theoretical mathematics department; he often told students about applications that he regarded as "neat" or "cute" or "clever"; the statistical colloquium he guided often had speakers on practical applications of mathematical statistics; he himself wrote some practical papers in statistics, but in the classroom he rarely discussed applications. Repeatedly, however, practical problems explicitly influenced both his own publications and those of his students and Wilks often used applications as motivation for the discussion of distribution theory, usually going well beyond the needs of the original problem. The papers to be discussed exhibit incompletely and fragmentarily a major influence on the work of the man and his students. Wilks watched the development of the statistical theory of order statistics closely. Indeed he wrote a masterful summary of the literature. The general area involves the study of the statistical properties of ordered measurements.

In a previous paper [12], an attempt was made to show how spectral techniques could be used to compare the effects of two seasonal adjustment procedures on the series to which they were applied. The two procedures compared were: (a) the technique currently used by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for seasonally adjusting employment, unemployment, and labor force monthly statistics, and (b) the so-called "residual" method, proposed by Brittain [2], Samuelson [16], and others. Spectra of the original and the seasonally adjusted series and the cross spectrum of the two were used to aid in the assessment of whether either procedure removed more than could be considered seasonal, introduced spurious regularities, and/or distorted temporal relationships. It was concluded that both techniques removed more than seasonal effects from, and produced some temporal distortion in, the series to which they were applied. Neither method appeared to be superior to the other. It is the purpose of this paper to carry the previous analysis one step further and to compare the BLS procedure with a modified version of the regression method of seasonal adjustment suggested by Cowden [3] and Mendershausen [11], and recently revived by Harman [9, 10] in an exceptionally sophisticated form. In addition to Hannan's work along the lines suggested, Nettheim [13] and Rosenblatt [15] have made studies. Rosenblatt [15] has carried out analyses similar to those reported here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the term "landscape meteorology" to cover a variety of beliefs associating significant atmospheric processes and results with culturally induced features of the landscape. These beliefs, which became prominent during the period of discovery, played an important role in early America and during the settlement period of the Plains. In the forested East, weather and climate modification centered largely on deforestation and reforestation. The concept ot the tree-rainfall syndrome was also transferred to the West, where it received much attention. New and largely indigenous Western concepts regarding landscape forms of weather and climate modification stressed plowing the hard sod, facilitating electrical expression by means, and storing water and (including irrigation) to humidify and cool the air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the expulsion of the eleven unions' from the Congress of Industrial Organization (C.I.O.) in 1950, the International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers (I.U.M.M.S.W.) remained an alternative to the political neutrality of American business unionism. However, from the decade leading to the merger with the United Steelworkers of America (U.S.W.A.) in 1967, the Mine-Mill Union was drawn into mainstream unionism. The thesis of this paper is that political radicalism cannot survive removed from economic realities. A political union can survive, as in the case of the International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union, if it is able to provide for its membership on the economic front. In the recent General Electric strike, the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers and the International Union of Electrical Workers functioned together for economic gains. These unions have had a history of rivalry similar to that of the Mine-Mill Union and the Steelworkers. The C.I.O. and the Steelworkers failed to understand the psychology of the western miners, and the inefficient propaganda they developed reflected this failure.

This paper first reviews the descriptions and structural explanations for variations, in urban population densities in the United States over several decades. The research reviewed focuses on shifts in the technology and economics of travel as being the major influences on urban density distributions. These variables appear to be somewhat less adequate as explanations of the process in recent decades. After reviewing these findings and suggesting several research questions, we attempt to assess the evidence relating variations in population density to several other aspects of human behavior. A review of the research relating high population densities to various "social pathologies" indicates that little of the variance in rates of these pathologies can be attributed to density independently of other social structural variables. Some important consequences of population density have been reported, however, and possible research directions are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data from a study of college aspirations among 40,000 Minnesota adolescents indicate that the relationship of family size to aspirations is somewhat higher among Protestants than Catholics. Overall aspirational differences between religious groups are minor. Further analysis suggests that these differences are probably not a function of financial capacities but rather of more basic socialization practices. The data are used to illustrate an alternative approach in analyzing the relevance of religion to contemporary society: examining processual differences between religious groups rather than concentrating only on outcomes—such as net differences in aspirations. The paper concludes by speculating that social process may be critical in distinguishing Protestants from Catholics but has generally been neglected in contemporary research on religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efforts at educational reform between 1890 and 1930 in New York were more successful in medicine than in law. This paper considers influences favoring medical reform: a rapid introduction of new knowledge and techniques; a national, even international competition for medical esteem; a visible need for expensive instructional facilities; a solid connection of schools of medicine with universities; a strong professional association; and several other forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article throws light on professor Richard Pillsbury's recent article on the urban street pattern of Pennsylvania. It is a welcome indication that geographers are turning to the urban plan as a valuable and as yet little exploited, source in regional analysis. This highly visible element of urban form is particularly suited to the systematic study of urban phenomena in an international context. Useful though the paper is, it prompts some comments upon its methodology and conclusions and the broader context of urban-historical research.

This paper examines the concept of place utility in an operational context. Its major objective is to construct and evaluate place utility functions which are based upon socioeconomic and migration characteristics of areal units within a city, A secondary objective is to identify major factors related to intraurban migration flows in an aggregate framework. The empirical basis for the study is a sample of actual migration flows for Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for a single year commencing in 1966 and terminating in 1987. Regression methods are used for estimating parameters of the place Utility functions. One conclusion of the analysis is that migration friction between neighborhood types is considerably less than expected. Factors identified as most important in guiding intraurban migration streams are the aspirations of the household with respect to housing and the spatial characteristics of the vacancy market, the latter of which has been neglected in geographic research. With respect to the method of calibrating place utility functions, we were not satisfied with the regression approach. Although the implications of those functions in terms of migration processes are in concordance with existing theory and knowledge, it was felt that the amount of explained variation should be higher if such functions are to serve as input components for other analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistical information on the size and characteristics of a population can be cartographically illustrated by the so-called value-by-area cartogram. Although geographical details and relationships must mostly be ignored, it is practical to keep to certain fixed points to help orientation. The paper presents a population cartogram of the USA with particular regard to the SMSA-population. The tendency has been to retain both the rough placings of cities and states and some features typical of the USA map. Examples are given of the practical utilization of the cartogram.

The flood cycle of an arroyo in southwestern United States exhibits three separate stages: 1) the flood stage, often turbulent and violent, and impossible to study as it occurs; 2) the immediate after-flood stage, exhibiting conspicuous and interesting patterns, of which some may be observed; and 3) the dry stage, an indefinite period which lasts until the next flood, during which stage some detailed mechanisms of transport patterns may be observed. From this dry stage, aided by schematic and fugitive impressions gamed during the other two stages, systematic inferences may be drawn concerning the mechanisms involved in transport throughout the cycle. Schematic illustrations support the analysis and categorization of the several mechanisms and their transport-sedimentation activities in this paper. The flood stage thoroughly reworks the channels within a valley, rearranging the whole transport load of sediments. At the moment the flood begins to wane the heaviest elements of the whole load are dropped in a series of primary patterns arranged in steps up the longitudinal profile of the stream, dependent upon the nature of the channel, the volume of flow, and the velocity of the flood. The late waters of the after-flood stage readjust the attitudes of the channel, and resort the finer materials, perhaps systematically placing them on and between the steps of the profile. As the late waters continue to wane in volume the finest materials are finally resorted arid arranged into the minor forms with in the channel, to endure as sedimentation forms until the next flood occurs.

Presents an excerpt of the paper on geographical and historical concepts in American history read at Plenary Session 56th Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers in Dallas, Texas.

The article discusses manuscript sources in American radicalism. Scholars interested in American radicalism must be prepared to travel widely if they expect to inspect manuscript sources. Virtually every state, almost every university library of any stature, has some such holdings. Socialists, and other radicals, were prolific writers of letters, memoranda, speeches and pamphlets. They also tended to keep extensive minutes of meetings of branches, committees, national boards, and even of factions. Moreover, most Socialists had a sense of history and preserved their records. Unfortunately, there is no single repository for this Socialist material. At one time it was expected that the Tamiment Institute-then called the Rand School-Library in New York would house the material. But Socialists, in the course of human events, split into innumerable factions, and the leaders of different factions gave their papers to various libraries some of them thousands of miles apart. There were also geographic reasons for the dispersion: the early Socialists of the Nineteenth century lived in Indiana, New York, Massachusetts, and (after 1880) California.

The article focuses on the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the child-labor legislation in the U.S. One of the lesser-known legislative activities of AFL during the first quarter of the century was its involvement in what amounted to a nation-wide campaign for child-labor legislation. While AFL was quite active legislatively throughout the first half-century or so of its existence, child-labor legislation represents a significant episode for several reasons. First, AFL either decided or was forced to shift its tactics and thinking several times. Second, quite in contrast with most of its legislative efforts, the Federation accomplished absolutely nothing in this case. Finally, in pursuing its child-labor goals, AFL got involved in a cooperative effort with a variety of non-labor groups who were also attempting to effect legislative change in the area. The paper describes the Federation's attempts to obtain some type of federal or state statutes limiting hours of work as well as measures limiting the employment of and providing minimum wages for children.

The article focuses on the origin and progress of the Texas labor archives. During the Southern Historical Association's meeting in Memphis in November 1966 a group of mostly young historians organized the Association of Southern Labor Historians (SHA). Its purpose was to promote Southern labor history by encouraging the collection of labor records and the delivery of labor papers at meetings concurrent with those of SHA. Inspired by this development, professor George Green of the University of Texas Arlington history department talked with the university librarian, John Hudson, about the absence of primary resource materials for graduate and undergraduate study in history at UTA and the lack of recent research in the South and Southwest on the history of labor. Professor Howard Lackman of the history department joined in the series of conversations. Researchers learned that no university in the Southwest was actively collecting labor records and that the labor community, possessing tons of non-current records, needed and wanted a labor archives.

The article comments on the progressive and the working class vote in California. Progressivism was a middle class movement, and while its leaders might strive to remedy the crassest abuses of industrial society, they were as fearful of concentrated labor power as of unregulated monopoly capitalism. In their zeal for moral reform and efficiency, they were often thrown into conflict with labor and immigrant-dominated political machines in cities. The interpretation that represents Progressivism as a political move by a disaffected middle class, as reformers frightened by the power of monopolistic corporations and fearful of organized labor, rests upon inferences drawn from public statements and, in a few instances, private thoughts of a leadership elite. Few attempts have been made to examine the other side of the coin and determine the response of labor leaders and the labor press. The conclusion that Progressivism was a middle-class movement has not been adequately tested against the voting records of metropolitan areas. It is the hypothesis of this paper that leaders of organized labor in California strongly endorsed Progressivism and that, though Progressivism was originally sustained by middle- and upper-class voters.

To argue that more needs to and can be known about black artisans and laborers in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and especially in the South. The Montgomery workingmen have a full ticket in the field for the coming city election, and there is nothing under heaven to hinder them from succeeding if they but stand firm in the faith. The people of Alabama are tired of ring rule. The Democratic papers call the workingmen the riff-raff and fag ends of society. The miners have experienced poverty to such a degree, and for such a length of time, that they and their families do not shudder at it, but look it squarely in the face, like little men. The miners in Alabama have no organization to protect their interests or advocate their cause, and they are in a different position from any mining locality in the United States. All capitalists employing labor in this part of the country have two sorts of labor, and some of them three sorts of labor.

The article presents historical analysis of trade union press. Labor journalism has come a long way since the appearance of the Machinists and Blacksmiths International Journal in 1863. With more than 600 publications and an estimated readership exceeding 20,000,000, the union press wields a major influence on the American public. Today the union press is read by union members and the general public in steadily increasing numbers, and the frequency with which it is quoted by reporters for the daily newspapers, editorial writers, and others indicates that these publications have something of broad interest to tell the American public. Among the 600 publications there is a wide variety of organizational sponsors. Papers and/or magazines are published by the national federations such as the American Federation of Labor (A.F.L.) and Congress of Industrial Organizations (C.I.O.) and the associated railroad brotherhoods; by national unions such as the Steelworkers, Automobile Workers, and Carpenters; by districts of various unions; and by state, county, or city A.F.L.-C.I.O. federations, as well as by local unions.

In this article the author shares his experience of attending the meetings of the labor organization, Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). What first attracted the author to the IWW was its songs and the gusto with which its members sang them. Such singing, the author thought, was good propaganda, since it had originally attracted him and many others as well. Despite its size, the songbook blazed the trail for the larger songbook to come, a songbook of lasting fame, and one that would make the IWW. known in all corners of the earth. That time came nearer when J. H. Walsh blew in from Alaska. He came as a National Organizer to the Spokane Branch of the IWW, after Alaskan activities which included the founding of a paper, "The Nome Industrial Worker." By the time Walsh returned to Spokane, Washington, where he would continue his work, the worst effects of the 1907 panic were nearly over. This Panic came without advance warning. It was caused, some said, when Eastern bankers withdrew financial backing from railroad construction.

In this paper the author attempts to show how the first Smith Act case arose in the U.S., a case which because of its reasoning has had great legal and political significance not only for those convicted under the Act but for all those interested in the right of expression as well. The major anti-sedition legislation operating to limit political expression in the period included the Smith Act of 1940, the Internal Security Act of 1950, the Communist Control Act of 1954, and similar state legislation. Such legislation, aimed directly at the suppression or restriction of subversive activities or groups, must be viewed in the context of the whole body of law available to the government for protection against treason, sedition, espionage, sabotage, and similar acts. The Smith Act defined three offenses, knowingly advocating the overthrow of government by force or violence, knowingly helping to organize a society that engages in such advocacy or becoming a member of such a society, and conspiring with others to commit either of the first two offenses.