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Start Over Search Limiters Available in Library Collection Topic porosity Publication Type eBooks
7 results

1. Future Advances in Basin Modeling. Suggestions from Current Observations, Analyses, and Simulations.

Author

Fjeldskaar, Willy, Cathles, Lawrence, and Fjeldskaar, Willy

Subjects
Research & information: general, Glaciations, H2 exploration, H2 venting, Sao Francisco Basin, atmospheric pressure tides, basin modeling, basin modelling, capillary seals, chalk, chemical alteration, compaction, computer simulations, conductivity effects on maturation, critical state physics, crustal flow channeling, crustal fluid flow, crustal fracture imaging, crustal fracture seismics, crustal power law scaling, crustal sills, crustal well-core poroperm, diagenesis, direct inversion method of fault slip analysis, diurnal hydrogen gas venting, draining faults, earth tides, faults, finite element method, flexural stress, fluid flow, fracture connectivity, fracture mapping, fracture seismic, gas seeps, geohistory evolution, hydro-mechanical coupling, hydrocarbon and mineral resources, hydrocarbon migration, hydrogen economy, intra-cratonic basin, isostasy, isostatic adjustment, lognormal, magmatic intrusions, modeling principles, modelling, multiscale/multiphysics basin modeling, n/a, native hydrogen, natural hydrogen vents, normal faulting, paleo tectonic principal stress orientations, passive margins, passive seismic, permeability, petroleum system, pink noise, porosity, pulsing gas emission, radiolysis, resources, rock failure, rock-fluid interaction, salt, salt structures, sedimentary basins, serpentinization, sill intrusions, source rock maturation, steady state, stress, stress modeling, temperature effects, thermal modeling, thermo-hydro-mechanical model, transient thermal effects, volcanic basins, water weakening, well-log spectral scaling, west-central New Hampshire
Abstract

Summary: This volume describes the nature, causes, and consequences of the diverse fluid movements that produce energy and mineral resources in sedimentary basins. The contained papers point to new capabilities in basin analysis methods and models. The processes that operate in the resource-producing thermo-chemical-structural reactors we call sedimentary basins are reviewed. Efficient ways to infer the tectonic history of basins are described. Impacts on hydrocarbon maturation and migration of glacial tilting, magmatic intrusion, salt migration, and fracturing are illustrated. The conditions under which subsurface flow will channel with distance traveled are identified. Seismic methods that can image and map subsurface permeability channels are described. The surface maturation, surface charge, and chemical reaction foundations of creep subsidence are set forth. Dynamic aspects of the hydrogen resource in basins are analyzed. There is much that is new that is presented in these papers with the intent of stimulating thinking and enthusiasm for the advances that will be made in future decades.

2. Advanced Materials and Technologies for Fuel Cells.

Author

Viviani, Massimo, Barbucci, Antonio, Carpanese, Maria Paola, Presto, Sabrina, and Viviani, Massimo

Subjects
Research & information: general, Technology: general issues, 2D local control, BSCF, CFD, CH4 internal reforming, IT-SOFC, Ohmic resistance, PEM fuel cell, Raman spectroscopy, Rietveld refinement, SOEC, SOFC, Sm-doped ceria, activation energy, active site degradation, alkaline water electrolysis, anodic overpotential, cell design optimization, concentration polarization, contamination, cyclic current profile, diamond anvil cell, doped ceria, equation of state, fuel cell application, glass-ceramic, high pressure X-ray powder diffraction, hydrogen consumption scenarios, hydrogen production, impedance spectroscopy, ionic conductivity, joining, low-cost ceramics, membrane, mercury intrusion, microbial fuel cell, microfluidic fuel cell, modified fuel utilization, open circuit voltage, oxygen starvation, polymer electrolyte fuel cell, pore size, porosity, powder X-ray diffraction, powder x-ray diffraction, power density, power supply, pressure drop, rSOC, raman spectroscopy, reliability, salt, sealants, separator, soft drinks, solid oxide fuel cell, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), solid oxides fuel cells, tape casting process, transient behavior, two-phase process, two-phases flow, useful water, water absorption
Abstract

Summary: Fuel cells are expected to play a relevant role in the transition towards a sustainable-energy-driven world. Although this type of electrochemical system was discovered a long time ago, only in recent years has global energy awareness, together with newly developed materials and available technologies, made such key advances in relation to fuel cell potential and its deployment. It is now unquestionable that fuel cells are recognized, alongside their possibility to work in the reverse mode, as the hub of the new energy deal. Now the questions are, why are they not yet ready to be used, despite the strong economic support given from the society? What prevents them from being entered into the hydrogen energy scenario in which renewable sources will provide energy when it is not readily available? How much are researchers involved in this urgent step towards change? This book gives a clear answer, engaging with some of the open issues that explain the delay of fuel cell deployment and, at the same time, it opens a window that shows how wide and attractive the opportunities offered by this technology are. Papers collected here are not only specialist-oriented but also offer a clear landscape to curious readers and show how challenging the road to the future is.

3. The State of the Art in Endodontics.

Author

Amato, Massimo, Amato, Massimo, Iandolo, Alfredo, and Pantaleo, Giuseppe

Subjects
Public health & preventive medicine, BioRoot RCS, MTA Flow, Micro-CT, NiTi, accuracy, analgesic intake, apexification, apical plug, benzalkonium chloride, bioceramic sealer, bone graft, chlorhexidine, computed-assisted template, computer-aided static navigation, cone-beam computed tomography scan, confocal laser microscope, continuous rotation, cross-section, cross-section design, cyclic fatigue, dental anatomy, dental diagnostic imaging, dental medicine, dental pulp, digital impression, endodontic file, endodontic reciprocating file, endodontic rotary file, endodontic rotary files, endodontic surgery, endodontic therapy, endodontics, energy-dispersive X-ray, fatigue analysis, finite element analysis, flare-up, flexural bending, guided tissue regeneration, immature permanent tooth, membrane, meta-analysis, micro-computed tomography, micro-computed tomography scan, morphology, n/a, nanodroplets, oral health, pediatric dentistry, periapical lesion, pitch, platelet rich fibrin, porosity, postoperative pain, primary molar teeth, pulp, pulpitis, pulpotomy, reciprocating, regeneration, resistance, root, root canal, root canal dentin removal, root canal filling, root perforation, single cone, sodium hypochlorite, speed, stress distribution, systematic review, tooth autotransplantation, toothache, torsion, treatment outcome, tricalcium silicate, ultrasonic, umbrella review, viability staining
Abstract

Summary: Nowadays, we use the term "modern endodontics" thanks to new technologies, novel materials, and revolutionary techniques. Various equipment is available to facilitate and improve our endodontic treatments, such as operating microscopes, ultrasounds, lasers, modern alloys for rotary files, powerful irrigation systems, new materials for filling root canals, 3D radiology, and several more. With the aid of the previously mentioned advances, complex endodontic treatments can be carried out safely, hence guaranteeing patients a high level of care and, above all, saving teeth that would otherwise be doomed for extraction. General practitioners and, even more importantly, specialists in endodontics should implement these modern technologies in their practice. This Special Issue will focus on modern endodontics regarding all the recent updates. Full papers of original articles, short communications, and review articles are all invited.

4. Research and Development of Modified Building Materials.

Author

Stefanidou, Maria and Stefanidou, Maria

Subjects
CO2 emission, HEMC, TritonX-100, activating solutions, activation energy, additives, amorphous poly alpha olefin, application properties, autogenous shrinkage, bond performance, bulk density, cellulose ether, cement, cement pastes, cement-based materials, clay mortars, composite modified asphalt binder, compressive strength, concrete, concrete durability, concrete properties, curing regime, detached decorative plasters, digital image correlation, durability, electrical conductivity, electrical resistivity, experimental verification, fiber spacing, filler effect, flexural Strength, flexural strength, foamed geopolymer, freeze-thaw cycles, glass fiber composites, glass microspheres, granulated blast furnace slag, graphite, gypsum binder, high calcium fly ash, high-performance fiber reinforced concrete, hook-end steel fiber, hydrated lime, hydration, inclination angle, injection grout, ladle furnace slag, light-materials, limestone, limestone filler, mass of specimens, microstructure, mix proportion design, mortar, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, nano-calcium oxide, nano-silica, optimization, packing density, paste, plaster, polyphosphoric acid, porosity, pullout load-slip curve, pullout test, reduced density, reinforcing lightweight concrete, rheological properties, self-compacting concrete (SCC), self-healing, self-sensing, setting process, siliceous fly ash, single wall carbon nanotubes, stability, steel fibers, storage stability, strength, structural properties, superabsorbent polymer, supplementary cementitious materials, surfactant, tensile behavior, ternary cements, the grey relational analysis, thermal insulation, thermal properties, ultrasonic technique, viscosity, water retention, wetting-drying
Abstract

Summary: This reprint includes research papers on different disciplines related to composites. It contains research related to new topics such as nanotubes, fibres, admixtures added in cement and concrete. Additionally self-healing and self-sensing issues are presented. Environmental, and thermal-related topics are also discussed. Studies related to consolidation topics and alkali activation of clays are included. This blend of traditional and modern building materials, all having a common ground, the use of new technologies for improving fresh and harden state properties, make this volume interesting.

5. Exploring and Modeling the Magma-Hydrothermal Regime.

Author

Eichelberger, John C., Eichelberger, John C., Kiryukhin, Alexey, Mollo, Silvio, Tsuchiya, Noriyoshi, and Villeneuve, Marlène

Subjects
Research & information: general, CO2, Ebinokogen Ioyama volcano, Erdenet Cu-Mo deposit, Kamchatka, Kirishima volcano group, Krafla volcano, RSAM, TOUGH2, U-Pb dating, Uzon, White Island, alteration, cathodoluminescence, climate, conceptual models, contact metamorphism, dissolution, dome emplacement, drilling, eruption, extensometry, fluid inclusion, fracking, fracture, gas and fluid geochemistry, geophysical imaging, geothermal activity, geothermal energy, geothermal systems, geyser, glaciation, gliding spectral lines, guadeloupe, heat flow, heat flux, heat transport, hydrothermal, hydrothermal fluid, hydrothermal fluids, hydrothermal gas, hydrothermal system, igneous petrology, incremental intrusion, incremental pluton emplacement, kick upwelling, la soufrière, magma, magma convection, magma energy, magma-hydrothermal, magmatic hydrothermal eruption, magmatic-hydrothermal system, microstructure, modeling, multigas, multiple hydrothermal system, permeability, petrochronology, phreatic eruption, phreatic eruptions, porosity, precipitation, supercritical fluid, tectonics, textural coarsening, thermometry, titanite, transient fluid pressure, tremor, volcanic gas, volcanic unrest, volcano monitoring, volcanoes, volcanology, zircon
Abstract

Summary: This Special Issue comprises 12 papers from authors in 10 countries with new insights on the close coupling between magma as an energy and fluid source with hydrothermal systems for the primary control of magmatic behavior. Data and interpretation are provided on the rise of magma through a hydrothermal system, the relative timing of magmatic and hydrothermal events, the temporal evolution of supercritical aqueous fluids associated with ore formation, the magmatic and meteoric contributions of water to the systems, the big picture for the highly active Krafla Caldera, Iceland, as well as the implications of results from drilling at Krafla concerning the magma-hydrothermal boundary. Some of the more provocative concepts are that magma can intrude a hydrothermal system silently, that coplanar and coeval seismic events signal "magma fracking" beneath active volcanoes, that intrusive accumulations may far outlast volcanism, that arid climate favors formation of large magma chambers, and that even relatively dry rhyolite magma can rapidly convect and so lack a crystallizing mush roof. A shared theme is that hydrothermal and magmatic reservoirs need to be treated as a single system.

6. Advances in Asphalt Pavement Technologies and Practices.

Author

Tabakovic, Amir, He, Liang, Tabakovic, Amir, and Valentin, Jan

Subjects
History of engineering & technology, Technology: general issues, AFM, Bayesian optimization, DSR, FTIR, Google Earth, Grouted Semi-flexible Pavement, International Roughness Index, J-integral, RSM, SBS modified asphalt, SMA, Saudi Arabia, Trinidad lake asphalt, additives, aged asphalt, artificial neural networks, asphalt concrete, asphalt mixture, asphalt pavement, asphalt pavements, base layers, bearing capacity, bitumen, bituminous mixtures, characteristic parameter, cigarette filters, coarse-grained, cold recycling, compaction quality control, comprehensive evaluation, construction control, correlation, crumb rubber asphalt (CR), cyclic triaxial test (CTT), degree of compaction, digital image correlation (DIC), dynamic creep, emulsified asphalt, evaluation method, extended finite element method, factor importance, falling weight deflectometer (FWD), fibers, flexible pavement, foamed asphalt, force field, full-scale pavement structure, high and low temperature performance, high-modulus asphalt mixture, hot mix asphalt, hot-mix recycled asphalt mixture, hybrid self-healing system, indirect tensile strength, induction heating, influential factor, infrared spectroscopy, interface cracking, laboratory test, local correction coefficient, long-term observation data, low temperature performance, machine learning, management system, master curve, model accuracy evaluation, moisture, moisture damage, moisture sensitivity, molecular dynamics, morphological properties, multiple aging and rejuvenation cycles, n/a, neural network, non-destructive testing, numerical analysis, orthogonal experimental design, orthogonal test, pavement, pavement condition evaluation, pavement design, pavement maintenance, performance, porosity, porous asphalt mixture, prediction, random forest, reclaimed asphalt pavement, recycled cigarette butts, reflection crack, relaxation characteristics, resilient modulus, rutting performance prediction model, rutting prediction, self-healing, smartphone sensors, steel slag aggregate, stiffness modulus, stress intensity factors, subbase layers, toposable set theory, unbound granular material (UGM), vibration, warm mix asphalt, water sensitivity, wheel tracking rutting resistance
Abstract

Summary: Unlike other construction materials, road materials have developed minimally over the past 100 years. However, since the 1970s, the focus has been on more sustainable road construction materials such as recycled asphalt pavements. Recycling asphalt involves removing old asphalt and mixing it with new (fresh) aggregates, binders, and/or rejuvenators. Similarly, there are various efforts to use alternative modifiers and technical solutions such as crumb rubber, plastics, or various types of fibres. For the past two decades, researchers have been developing novel materials and technologies, such as self-healing materials, in order to improve road design, construction, and maintenance efficiency and reduce the financial and environmental burden of road construction. This Special Issue on "Advances in Asphalt Pavement Technologies and Practices" curates advanced/novel work on asphalt pavement design, construction, and maintenance. The Special Issue comprises 19 papers describing unique works that address the current challenges that the asphalt industry and road owners face.