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The CO2 emission is more than 36 billion tons per year in global scale. As carbon dioxide emission raises global temperature by trapping solar energy in the atmosphere, research is ongoing to facilitate the capture of CO2 with high efficiency. While CO2 footprint of Bangladesh is relatively low, with upcoming coal-based power plants (>17000 MW) in the next decade, fossil CO2 emission will increase significantly. To understand the underlying benefit of CO2 capture process, cradle-to-gate life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) of the power plants using fossil sources (e.g. natural gas, coal) can provide an in-depth insight. This paper aims to conduct life cycle impact assessment on natural gas and coal (sub critical and supercritical) fired power plants with and without CO2 capture facility for comparison of overall impact on the environment. An open source software titled OpenLCA was used to carry out LCIA and study different impact parameters (i.e. green-house gas emission, toxicity and ozone layer depletion). It was found that the CO2 emission from super-critical pulverized coal (SCPC) and subcritical pulverized coal (Sub-PC) fired power plants could be brought down by more than 80% using CO2 capture facility. Along with capture, it is equally important to ensure proper sinks for this captured CO2. As Bangladesh has no dedicated geological reservoir for CO2 storage, potential sink for captured CO2 could be immediate utilization after capture. This paper also presents preliminary results on utilizing CO2 through mineralization during preparation of alternative admixture and construction materials. Due to the ever-growing real-estate sector of Bangladesh, there is great potential in capturing and utilizing CO2 through construction activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the viability of utilizing agricultural biomass-based energy potential, employing mathematical, engineering, and economic modeling techniques. Moreover, the potential of a biogas-based co-digestion (CD) system, integrating its techno-economic performance and environmental sustainability in terms of electricity generation, has also been studied. In this investigation, the categorization of 25 different plant species into two groups: arable field crops (AFCs) and horticultural plants (HPs), was performed. Data was collected during the 2021‐–2022 cropping season in Bangladesh from various sources, including literature reviews, governmental, and non-governmental organizations. The findings revealed that the available agricultural biomass residues, totaling 1,02,585.75 KT, have the capacity to generate 1,33,815 million m3/year of biogas. This energy potential corresponds to 291,125.85 TJ/year or 9231.60 MW of electricity, which can fulfill 88% of the national total energy demand. In terms of levelized cost, the proposed approach is more competitive and shows a greater promise compared to other technologies. Furthermore, it demonstrates environmental friendliness by reducing CO 2 emissions by 156 tons at a cost of $7/ton while earning $1092 annually from the potential carbon-credit market. This approach presents a potential solution to address Bangladesh's energy crisis. The payback period of the system ranged from 2.93 to 3.75 years, with and without the inclusion of a slurry, respectively. The recommended methods hold significant promise for meeting national energy demands. A case study was provided as a proof-of-concept (PoC) to validate the approach. This study is the first of its kind, providing valuable insights into the renewable energy potential in Bangladesh. The results will assist policymakers in formulating sustainable energy policies. • Mathematics, engineering, economics and environmental modeling explored renewable energy. • Techno-economics and environmental sustainability validated the proposed methodology. • Bioenergy-based electricity could supply 88% of the national energy demand of Bangladesh. • A case study was provided as a proof-of-concept (PoC) to validate the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy has become the most prominent source of energy to reduce carbon emissions around the globe. Undoubtedly, hydro energy is very much clean energy among other sources. In Bangladesh, hydro energy is available only in a specific southern area contributing several hundred megawatts to the national grid. This paper devotes to assessing the capacity and practicability of a hydropower plant to boost the power output by implementing the combined cycle hydropower system. The proposed method has been developed by 1) studying the existing plant based on surveyed data, 2) selecting the site for installing the hydrokinetic turbine, 3) designing with consideration of numerous constraints of inter dependability, and 4) creating a prototype model to ensure the practicability. Preliminary results show that a significant amount of additional electric energy can be generated from the plant with higher efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental problem is a much discussed issue worldwide. It is a more serious issue for Bangladesh, which is vulnerable to frequent natural disasters. Therefore, this work aims to identify the short-run and long-run causal relationships between clean energy, population density, urbanization, economic development, trade openness and environmental pollution in Bangladesh using the data of 1973–2014. Different time series related econometric techniques such as Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, Phillips-Perron test, Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) bounds test and the Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test are applied to find out outcomes. Our findings are: the use of clean energy improved the environmental quality, but population density, urbanization and economic growth are found to be detrimental to the environment; a unidirectional causality of CO 2 emissions with clean energy, economic growth and urbanization is also revealed. Therefore, the use of more clean energy for reducing the environmental pollution is to be ensured. • This paper aims to identify the factors of environmental pollution in Bangladesh. • Using the data of 1973–2014, various econometric techniques are applied. • The use of clean energy improved the environmental quality. • Population density, urbanization and GDP growth are detrimental to the environment. • Increased use of clean energy is recommended to reduce the pollution level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]