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We posit that the relationship between income inequality and economic growth is mediated by the level of equality of opportunity, which we identify with intergenerational mobility. In economies characterized by intergenerational rigidities, an increase in income inequality has persistent effects—for example by hindering human capital accumulation— thereby retarding future growth disproportionately. We use several recently developed internationally comparable measures of intergenerational mobility to confirm that the negative impact of income inequality on growth is higher the lower is intergenerational mobility. Our results suggest that omitting intergenerational mobility leads to misspecification, shedding light on why the empirical literature on income inequality and growth has been so inconclusive.

Social Structure and Behavior: Essays in Honor of William Hamilton Sewell is a collection of 16 essays dealing with the social psychological aspects of schooling and achievement, social stratification and mobility, measurements and methods, and social structures and wellbeing. The collection discusses the political dimension of stratification, the results of observation of first-graders in their reading group assignments against their social background, and stereotyping practices held by dominant groups of society. Anther papers use a causal model to analyze occupational status and earnings of Cuban exiles in the U.S.; other authors discuss the effects of institutionalization of formal employment in Brazil, and propose a revision of the Duncan Scale by a more comprehensive set of occupational prestige scale. The book also analyzes measurements of ranked preferences using a single latent factor behind the ranked items. One authors points that some sociological terms can be misleading in propounding a sound theory when these terms themselves confound what they are supposed to correlate. The text also addresses the fundamental problems concerning welfare that include order, collective action, and consensus. This collection of essays can interest social workers, sociologists, psychologists, and researchers involved in community development.

This book traces how the student loan system has created insurmountable student debt traps for millions of student borrowers contrary to its original purpose of promoting social mobility. Today, approximately 45 million Americans hold over $1.7 trillion in student loan debt, with over 20% of borrowers in default. Student loan debt has the greatest negative impact of wealth-poor students, with Black and first-generation students less likely to attain a college degree, more likely to default on student loan debt, and less likely to gain the same type of wage premium from their college degrees than white student loan borrowers. The book also offers a wide range of policy solutions for remedying the student loan debt crisis.

Situated at the intersections of anthropology, migration, citizenship, and social movement studies, this volume theorises a crisis-mobility nexus by focusing on empirical case studies. These concern migration struggles; the entanglements of crisis, social mobility, and citizenship; as well as the impact of COVID-19 (im)mobility on social movements. By highlighting examples from these streams, the book illuminates entanglements between them, while emphasising the role of solidarity as well as de-solidarisation in creating, shaping, or resisting various regimes of mobility.

This book examines how entrepreneurship can be used as a tool to escape poverty. With relevance for both SDG 1: ‘No Poverty,'and SDG 8: ‘Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all,'it pays special attention to women and minority ethnic groups. Offering a fresh perspective on entrepreneurship as a means of upward social mobility and rooted in research, the book explores the issue in three ways. Firstly, it pays special attention to the nexus between the entrepreneur, resources, institutions, opportunities, necessities, and the environment for drawing a comprehensive picture of how individuals could use entrepreneurship for successful upward social mobility in a changing world. Secondly, it emphasizes the peculiar challenges that female entrepreneurs face, how those challenges can be overcome, and how female entrepreneurship may be a route to women's socio-economic advancement. Thirdly, it highlights the challenges faced by ethnic minority business owners and how such ethnic minority businesses could thrive amid institutional voids as well as direct and indirect forms of discrimination. Based on the latest research from developed and developing countries, the book offers compelling insights for sustaining entrepreneurial ventures in an evolving world.

In The Two-Parent Privilege, Melissa S. Kearney makes a provocative, data-driven case for marriage by showing how the institutionxe2x80x99s decline has led to a host of economic woes. Eschewing the religious and values-based arguments that have long dominated this conversation, Kearney shows how the greatest impacts of marriage are, in fact, economic: when two adults marry, their economic and household lives improve, offering a host of benefits not only for the married adults but for their children. Studies show that these effects are today starker, and more unevenly distributed, than ever before. Based on more than a decade of economic research, including her original work, Kearney shows that a household that includes two married parents xe2x80x94 holding steady at the higher end of the socioeconomic scale, increasingly rare among almost everyone else xe2x80x94 functions as an economic vehicle that advantages some children over others. As these trends of marriage and class continue, the compounding effects on inequality and opportunity grow increasingly dire. For many, the two-parent home may be an old-fashioned symbol of a vanished way of life. But The Two-Parent Privilege makes it clear that marriage, for all its challenges and faults, may be our best path to a more equitable future. By confronting the critical role that family makeup plays in shaping childrenxe2x80x99s lives and futures, Kearney offers a critical assessment of what a decline in marriage means for an economy and a society xe2x80x94 and what we must do to change course.

Mobilität beschreibt ein komplexes soziales Phänomen, das über individuelle Möglichkeitsräume und soziale Teilhabe entscheidet. Trotz dieser elementaren Rolle für unsere Gesellschaft existieren bis heute kaum Planungsinstrumente, welche die Mobilität der Menschen in ihrer ganzen Komplexität erfassen. Dieses Buch stellt einen interdisziplinären Bewertungsansatz vor, um die menschlichen Möglichkeitsräume ganzheitlich zu untersuchen. Der entwickelte Mobilitätsindex unterstützt damit Planung und Politik, die Mobilität der Menschen zu verstehen und zielorientiert gestalten zu können: eine der zentralen Voraussetzungen für eine nachhaltige Verkehrsentwicklung.

This volume explores the experiences of a wide variety of middle-class migrant groups across the globe, including ‘ethnic entrepreneurs'building new businesses in cosmopolitan neighbourhoods in Sydney; Chinese grandparents shuttling between Australia, China and Singapore to support their extended families; well-off young Indians in Mumbai strategising their future education pathways overseas; and Japanese mothers finding ways to belong in a London middle-class neighbourhood. This book asks how relatively privileged migrant groups negotiate their life trajectories, relationships and aspirations while ‘on the move'and how they transform the communities and societies that they move between across time and space. The book's chapters consider motives for migration, as well as experiences of risk, uncertainty and insecurity in diverse local contexts. A fresh look at the migration of those who possess skills and resources that can bring about significant economic, social and cultural change, this book engages critically with the notions of ‘middling'migration, social mobility and mobile privilege in the global context of hardening borders and immigration complexity. It will appeal to scholars with interests in contemporary forms of migration and mobility and their local and transnational consequences.

A transdisciplinary study of the ways in which mobilities assume social forms and result in multiple belongings.In Decolonial Imaginings, Avtar Brah offers a transdisciplinary study of the ways in which mobilities assume social forms and result in multiple belongings. Situated within the confluence of decolonial feminist theory, border theory, and diaspora studies, the book explores borders and boundaries and how politics of connectivity are produced in and through struggles over “difference.” Brah examines multiple formations of power embedded in the intersections between gender, race, class, ethnicity, and sexuality. She analyzes this intersectionality in relation to diaspora; theorizes the relationship between diaspora, law, and literature; and between affect, memory, and cultural politics. Discussing the crossings of impervious borders, Brah foregrounds the economies of abandonment, particularly the plight of people in boats in the Mediterranean, a number of whom perished because of a catalogue of failures by NATO warships and European coast guards. She revisits Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari's notion of “nomad thought” and Braidotti's feminist reworking of it, and it seeks to assess this framework's value today. She analyzes the politics of “Black” in Britain with a focus on feminism constituted by women of African Caribbean and South Asian background, explores stereotypic representation of Muslim women in the context of Islamophobia and anti-Muslim racism, and considers the complexities of the #MeToo movement and how whiteness is configured in these contestations.

This edited volume brings together the perspectives of a diverse group of international scholars to explore the intersections of study abroad and social mobility. In doing so, it challenges universalist assumptions and power imbalances implicit in study abroad across the Global North and South, and explores the implications of COVID-19 for equity within study abroad programs, policy, and practice going forward.Offering empirical, theoretical, and conceptual contributions, Critical Perspectives on Equity and Social Mobility in Study Abroad foregrounds critical reflection on the stratification of access to study abroad and examines the varied outcomes of international study in relation to graduates'entry into domestic and international labor markets. Focusing on the experiences and outcomes of students from varied backgrounds, chapters identify a number of power imbalances relating to student race, ethnicity, religion, local and international policies and politics, and put forward valuable recommendations to ensure greater equity within the field. Against the backdrop of growing criticism over the power imbalances in international exchange, this text will benefit researchers, academics, and educators with an interest in higher education, international and comparative education, and multicultural education. Those interested in educational policy and the sociology of education more broadly will also benefit from this book.

Flapjacks and Feudalism: Social Mobility and Class in The Archers is an excavation into the family and class politics found in the clans of the residents of Ambridge, in BBC Radio 4's The Archers. A whole section of the book is devoted to'The Fall of the House of Aldridge', with Brian's ethical misdemeanours and fall from grace, looking at how Brian could have hidden his scandals and changed the impressions surrounding him as a'feckless farmer'. Another section sees the parenting skills, or complete lack of them, of the Ambridge clans put on trial, and used to predict the future leaders of Ambridge. Chapters in the book discuss the power of family and community networks, the oppression of the Grundys by the lords of the manor, and Emma Grundy's housing woes and the importance of housing in the success and security of those in the village. This book explores how far housing, intergenerational wealth, skills and access to employment shape life chances of characters and shows that, perhaps more than anywhere else, its not what you know but who you know.

This volume presents a complex portrait of the interrelationships among parents'marital status and education, child gender, and the nature and success of children's transitions into adulthood. The first three chapters focus on differences in parents'investments in their children, while the final three chapters focus directly on intergenerational income mobility.

This open access book explores the role of family, public, market and third sector welfare provision for individual and households'decisions regarding geographical mobility. It challenges the state-centred approach in research on welfare and migration by emphasising migrants'own reflections and experiences. It asks whether and in which ways different welfare concerns are part of migrants'decisions regarding (or aspirations for) mobility. Employing a transnational and a translocal perspective, the book addresses different forms of geographical mobility, such as immigration, emigration, and re-migration, circular and return migration. By bringing in empirical findings from across a variety of Western and non-Western contexts, the book challenges the Eurocentric focus in current debates and contributes to a more nuanced and more integrated global account of the welfare-migration nexus.

The Times (UK) book of the year! Meritocracy: the idea that people should be advanced according to their talents rather than their birth. While this initially seemed like a novel concept, by the end of the twentieth century it had become the world's ruling ideology. How did this happen, and why is meritocracy now under attack from both right and left? In The Aristocracy of Talent, esteemed journalist and historian Adrian Wooldridge traces the history of meritocracy forged by the politicians and officials who introduced the revolutionary principle of open competition, the psychologists who devised methods for measuring natural mental abilities, and the educationalists who built ladders of educational opportunity. He looks outside western cultures and shows what transformative effects it has had everywhere it has been adopted, especially once women were brought into the meritocratic system. Wooldridge also shows how meritocracy has now become corrupted and argues that the recent stalling of social mobility is the result of failure to complete the meritocratic revolution. Rather than abandoning meritocracy, he says, we should call for its renewal.

Julia Schuppan untersucht die Wirksamkeit betrieblichen Mobilitätsmanagements in beruflichen Lebensereignissen. In einem zwischen Soziologie, Psychologie und Geografie verorteten Ansatz werden berufliche Lebensereignisse als geeignete Gelegenheitsfenster für Mobilitätsmanagement identifiziert und als komplexe Übergänge im Kontext zwischen individuellem Erleben, Sozialisationseinflüssen und Identitätsänderungen skizziert. In einer Mixed-Method-Studie zeigt die Autorin, dass berufliche Lebensereignisse dann ein Gelegenheitsfenster für Mobilitätsänderung sein können, wenn Mobilität identitätsstiftende und für den Übergang unterstützende Funktionen erfüllt. Betriebliches Mobilitätsmanagement kann nur dann effektiv sein, wenn es Identitätsaspekte aufgreift und als institutionelle Unterstützungsleistung im beruflichen Übergang wirkt.

Gamers, Multiculturalists, and the Great Coming Apart is the first book to pull together the central features of the American society, character, and history of the global era and its immediate aftermath into a single, powerful, comprehensive, and coherent picture. Seamlessly interdisciplinary, it looks at all facets of recent American society and history as reflecting first the global liberal paradigm that reigned from 1965 until 2016, and then the incipient paradigms that have competed during the years of crisis since.It is the first book to pull together the central features of American society, character, and history since 1965 into a single comprehensive and coherent picture that dissents from key aspects of the long-dominant paradigm. Gamers, Multiculturalists, and the Great Coming Apart describes and extensively analyzes the gamers, the fascinating new upper class that has risen to dominance in this country as in most others during the last half century. It also analyzes the character and circumstances of the middle class, working class, and underclass, laying bare the profound, many-sided conflict between the gamers and the middle and working classes. It also examines the

French sociologist and anthropologist Pierre Bourdieu's relevance for studies of spatiality and mobility has received less attention than other aspects of his work. Here, Deborah Reed-Danahay argues that the concept of social space, central to Bourdieu's ideas, addresses the structured inequalities that prevail in spatial choices and practices. She provides an ethnographically informed interpretation of social space that demonstrates its potential for new directions in studies of mobility, immobility, and emplacement. This book traces the links between habitus and social space across the span of Bourdieu's writings, and places his work in dialogue with historical and contemporary approaches to mobility.

Focusing on mobility, religion, and belonging, the volume contributes to transatlantic anthropology and history by bringing together religion, cultural heritage and placemaking in the Atlantic world. The entanglements of these domains are ethnographically scrutinized to perceive the connections and disconnections of specific places which, despite a common history, are today very different in terms of secular regimes and the presence of religion in the public sphere. Ideally suited to a variety of scholars and students in different fields, Atlantic Perspectives will lead to new debates and conversations throughout the fields of anthropology, religion and history.

Die Beiträge dieses Buches untersuchen die sprachliche Repräsentation verschiedener Arten von Mobilität. Zur linguistischen Analyse werden unterschiedliche Methoden und Zugänge angewandt, wobei die Schwerpunkte auf Diskursanalyse und Lexikologie liegen. Das untersuchte Datenmaterial stammt aus verschiedenen romanischen, slawischen und germanischen Sprachen. The focus of this volume is the linguistic representation of different kinds of mobility. Various methods and approaches are applied, with a particular emphasis on discourse analysis and lexicology. Research data is taken from various Romance, Slavic and Germanic languages.

Why is it getting harder to secure a job that matches our qualifications, buy a home of our own and achieve financial stability? Underprivileged people have always faced barriers, but people from middle-income families are increasingly more likely to slide down the social scale than climb up. Duncan Exley, former Director of the Equality Trust, draws on expert research and real life experiences – including from an actor, a politician, a billionaire entrepreneur and a surgeon – to issue a wake-up call to break through segregated opportunity. He offers a manifesto to reboot our prospects and benefit all.

Die türkische Immigration nach Deutschland ist eine Erfolgsgeschichte. Über Jahrzehnte hinweg hat sich eine starke migrantische Mittelschicht etabliert, die bisher überwiegend durch berufliches Unternehmertum gesellschaftliche Mobilität erfahren hat. Entgegen der Annahme, dass einzig das Dispositiv der individuellen Leistung soziale Transformation hervorbringt, verdeutlicht diese Ethnografie, dass das Verhältnis komplexer ist. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung steht das'Mittelschicht-Werden'innerhalb der postmigrantischen Gesellschaft.

Lassen Sie sich nie in Jogginghosen sehen … … wenn Sie in Ihrem Leben etwas erreichen wollen. Das weiß nicht nur Karl Lagerfeld. Die Dos and Don'ts des sozialen Aufstiegs erläutert die Stil-, Sprach- und Benimmexpertin Doris Märtin für erfolgsorientierte Leserinnen und Leser. Ihr Buch bietet einen kurzweiligen Mix aus Stories, Interviews und soziologischer Forschung, in dem sie entschlüsselt: - wie die Elite tickt, - welche Codes Zugehörigkeit signalisieren - wie jeder von uns die Lebenskunst der Leitmilieus erlernen kann. Ob große Karriere oder optimale Startbedingungen für die Familie: Der Habitus ist entscheidend! Und das Beste: Einmal gewonnen, bleibt er für immer.

​This volume introduces a strategic interdisciplinary research agenda on arrival infrastructures. Arrival infrastructures are those parts of the urban fabric within which newcomers become entangled on arrival, and where their future local or translocal social mobilities are produced as much as negotiated. Challenging the dominance of national normativities, temporalities, and geographies of “arrival,” the authors scrutinize the position and potential of cities as transnationally embedded places of arrival. Critically interrogating conceptions of migrant arrival as oriented towards settlement and integration, the volume directs attention to much more diverse migration trajectories that shape our cities today. Each chapter examines how migrants, street-level bureaucrats, local residents, and civil society actors build—with the resources they have at hand—the infrastructures that accommodate, channel, and govern arrival.

We live in a world with too many graduates fighting for too few jobs; where Deliveroo and FedEx drivers have advanced degrees. The Educated Underclass offers a much-needed look at this societal restructuring from the perspective of students. Gary Roth examines the way that universities often reproduce traditional class hierarchies, the mechanisms that enable upward and downward social mobility, and how the'overproduction of intelligence'hinders students, calling for a realignment of how social classes function today. The dream of social mobility is dying. Where previous generations where expected to surpass their parents'level of economic success, prospects for today's graduates are increasingly bleak.

'Life Chances, Education and Social Movements'explains the sociology of life chances; the opportunities and experiences of different generations in Australia, the United States and the UK; and how the differential distribution of life-enhancing opportunities affects our well-being. Ralf Dahrendorf's life-chances theory is used to support the theoretical and empirical arguments in Lyle Munro's book. For Dahrendorf, education is arguably the most important option individuals can utilise for improving their well-being and for overcoming social and economic disadvantages. While there are countless sociological accounts of inequality, Munro's study takes a different and novel approach based on Dahrendorf's model, according to which education and social movements and their networks function to enhance the life chances of individuals and social groups respectively.

Alternative Takes to the City presents the mosaic of relations and socio-spatial conditions which compose the plurality of contemporary everyday space(s) in cities, offering'a view from below'. It proposes a multidisciplinary and gendered approach to the (relational) spatialities and temporalities of the everyday, of new mobilities and of global and local networks which constitute urban life in contemporary cities. The book raises an empirically informed theoretical proposition which springs from the multiplicity of everyday experiences, as a laboratory for understanding recent socio-spatial, political and ideological transformations. Each chapter takes forward the theoretical argument based on one or more examples of concrete cities, in order to unveil the complexity and diversity of the urban condition in changing conjunctures, in which local practices connect and collide with global developments.

This book is a twist on the current discourse around ‘inclusivity'and ‘widening participation'. Higher education is welcoming students from diverse educational, social, and economic backgrounds, and yet it predominantly employs middle-class academics. Conceptually, there appears, on at least these grounds alone, to be a cultural and class mismatch. This work discusses empirical interviews with tenured academics from a working-class heritage employed in one UK university. Interviewees talk candidly about their childhood backgrounds, their school experiences, and what happened to them after leaving compulsory education. They also reveal their experiences of university, both as students and academics from their early careers to the present day. This book will be of interest to an international audience that includes new and aspiring academics who come from a working-class background themselves. The multifaceted findings will also be relevant to established academics and students of sociology, education studies and social class.

Building on new theories about the meaning of employability in the twenty-first century and the power of social and cultural capital in enabling access to economic opportunities, Essays on Employer Engagement in Education considers how employer engagement is delivered and explores the employment and attainment outcomes linked to participation.Introducing international policy, research and conceptual approaches, contributors to the volume illustrate the role of employer engagement within schooling and the life courses of young people. The book considers employer engagement within economic and educational contexts and its delivery and impact from a global perspective. The work explores strategic approaches to the engagement of employers in education and concludes with a discussion of the implications for policy, practice and future research.Essays on Employer Engagement in Education will be of great interest to academics, researchers and postgraduate students engaged in the study of careers guidance, work-related learning, teacher professional development, the sociology of education, educational policy and human resource management. It will also be essential reading for policymakers and practitioners working for organisations engaging employers in education.

One of the German-speaking world's leading young sociologists lays out modern Germany's social and political crisis and its implications for the future of the European hegemon. Upward social mobility represented a core promise of life under the'old'West German welfare state, in which millions of skilled workers upgraded their VWs to Audis, bought their first homes, and sent their children to university. Not so in today's Federal Republic, however, where the gears of the so-called'elevator society'have long since ground to a halt. In the absence of the social mobility of yesterday, widespread social exhaustion and anxiety have emerged across mainstream society. Oliver Nachtwey analyses the reasons for this social rupture in post-war German society and investigates the conflict potential emerging as a result, concluding that although the country has managed to muddle through the Eurocrisis largely unscathed thus far, simmering tensions beneath the surface nevertheless threaten to undermine the German system's stability in the years to come.Nachtwey's book was recipient of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation's 2016 Hans-Matth�fer-Preis for Economic Writing.

Fair Progress? Economic Mobility across Generations around the World focuses on an issue that has gotten much attention in the developed world, but will present new data and analysis covering most of the world including developing economies. The analysis considers whether those born in poverty or in prosperity are destined to remain in the same economic circumstances into which they were born, and looks back over a half a century at whether children's lives are better or worse than their parents'in different parts of the world. It suggests local, national, and global actions and policies that can help break the cycle of poverty, paving the way for the next generation to realize their potential and improve their lives.

This comprehensive Handbook summarizes existing work and presents new concepts and empirical results from leading scholars in the multidisciplinary field of behavioral and cognitive geography, the study of the human mind, and activity in and concerning space, place, and environment. It provides the broadest and most inclusive coverage of the field so far, including work relevant to human geography, cartography, and geographic information science.Behavioral and cognitive geography originated as a contrast to aggregate approaches to human geography that treat people as homogenous and interchangeable; to models of human activity based on simplistic and psychologically implausible assumptions; and to conceptualizations of humans as passive responders to their environment. This Handbook is highly multi- and interdisciplinary, featuring scholars from geography, geographic information science, and more than ten other academic disciplines; including: psychology, linguistics, computer science, engineering, architecture and planning, anthropology, and neuroscience. The contributors adhere to scientific rigor in their approach, while fully engaging with issues of emotion, subjectivity, consciousness, and human variability.Thoroughly informed by the history of geography and of the cognitive sciences but also providing guideposts for future research and application, this Handbook will be an essential resource for researchers, lecturers and students in geography, psychology, and other social, behavioral, cognitive, and design sciences.Contributors include: P. Agarwal, A.P. Boone, T.T. Brunyé, H. Burte, R.C. Dalton, C. Davies, R.M. Downs, S.I. Fabrikant, A.L. Gardony, N.A. Giudice, P. Gober, K.G. Goulias, S. Hadavi, M. Hegarty, S.C. Hirtle, C. Hölscher, T. Ishikawa, P. Jankowski, J. Krukar, C.A. Lawton, H.J. Miller, D.R. Montello, J. Portugali, M. Raubal, V.R. Schinazi, W.C. Sullivan, H.A. Taylor, T. Tenbrink, T. Thrash, P.M. Torrens, D.H. Uttal

Social Mobility for the 21st Century addresses experiences of social mobility, and the detailed processes through which entrenched, intergenerationally transmitted privilege is reproduced. Contributions include (but are not limited to) family relationships, students'encounters with higher education, narratives of work careers, and ‘mobility identities'. The book intends to challenge both the framework of the more traditional approach, and the politicisation of mobility which casts ‘mobility'as a possession, a commodity or a character trait, and threatens to castigate the ‘non-mobile'as carrying a personal responsibility for their situation. This book presents critical analyses of routes into social mobility, the experience of social mobility, and the political and social implications of social mobility's ‘panacea'status. Drawing on the work of established scholars and more recent entrants, the chapters offer a fresh look at social mobility, opening up the topic to a wider readership among the profession and beyond, and stimulating further debate. This book will appeal to higher level students and scholars of sociology alike, as well as having a broad cross-disciplinary appeal.