Search

This book is the first to be entirely devoted to the challenging art of handling membrane proteins out of their natural environment, a key process in biological and pharmaceutical research, but one plagued with difficulties and pitfalls. Written by one of the foremost experts in the field, Membrane Proteins in Aqueous Solutions is accessible to any member of a membrane biology laboratory. After presenting the structure, functions, dynamics, synthesis, natural environment and lipid interactions of membrane proteins, the author discusses the principles of extracting them with detergents, the mechanisms of detergent-induced destabilization, countermeasures, and recent progress in developing detergents with weaker denaturing properties. Non-conventional alternatives to detergents, including bicelles, nanodiscs, amphipathic peptides, fluorinated surfactants and amphipols, are described, and their relative advantages and drawbacks are compared. The synthesis and solution properties of the various types of amphipols are presented, as well as the formation and properties of membrane protein/amphipol complexes and the transfer of amphipol-trapped proteins to detergents, nanodiscs, lipidic mesophases, or living cells. The final chapters of the book deal with applications: membrane protein in vitro folding and cell-free expression, solution studies, NMR, crystallography, electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, amphipol-mediated immobilization of membrane proteins, and biomedical applications. Important features of the book include introductory sections describing foundations as well as the state-of-the-art for each of the biophysical techniques discussed, and topical tables which organize a widely dispersed literature. Boxes and annexes throughout the book explain technical aspects, and twelve detailed experimental protocols, ranging from in vitro folding of membrane proteins to single-particle electron cryomicroscopy, have been contributed by and commented on by experienced users. Membrane Proteins in Aqueous Solutions offers a concise, accessible introduction to membrane protein biochemistry and biophysics, as well as comprehensive coverage of the properties and uses of conventional and non-conventional surfactants. It will be useful both in basic and applied research laboratories and as a teaching aid for students, instructors, researchers, and professionals within the field.

Waschmittel begegnen uns täglich im Haushalt, in der Werbung und im Supermarkt. Sie werden von uns mit großer Selbstverständlichkeit genutzt, doch wissen wir eigentlich, wie moderne Waschmittel zusammengesetzt sind und wie die Inhaltsstoffe wirken? Was ist z. B. das Besondere an Colorwaschmitteln? Wie kann ich nachhaltig umweltverträglich waschen? Seit wann gibt es eigentlich moderne Waschmittel? Diese und viele andere Fragen beantwortet das vorliegende Buch. Es bietet eine naturwissenschaftlich fundierte Einführung in das umfangreiche Gebiet der Waschmittelchemie, stellt die wichtigen Neuentwicklungen der letzten Jahre vor, beschreibt die Auswirkungen des Waschens auf die Umwelt und geht dabei auch auf wichtige Aspekte des Verbraucherverhaltens und des Verbraucherschutzes ein. Die richtige Anwendung der Waschmittel ist der entscheidende Faktor für das Ausmaß der Umweltbelastungen und den Ressourcenverbrauch beim Waschen. Aspekte einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung, eines nachhaltigen Konsumverhaltens sowie Hinweise zum'richtigen'Waschen sind deshalb von großer Bedeutung und werden im Buch gebührend berücksichtigt. In der 5. Auflage wurden alle Kapitel überarbeitet und aktualisiert. Zusätzlich sind wichtige Entwicklungen, aktuelle Fragestellungen und Innovationen der letzten Jahre im Bereich der Waschmittelchemie sowie des Waschens insgesamt aufgenommen worden, insbesondere im Bereich Nachhaltigkeit, neue Angebotsformen und Hygiene bei Niedrigtemperaturwaschvorgängen.

This book is about Sulph(on)ation Technology in its technical entirety, aiming at superiority in final product quality, raw material utilisation, sustained plant reliability and safety, minimisation of liquid effluent and gaseous emissions; it is about the total quality of the operation. It will be of value to engineers and chemists who are, or will be, involved in the practical daily operation of sulphonation plants or R&D activities. The book can also be used as a tool for the teacher in preparing fmal year projects in a chemical engineering curriculum. The book covers sulphonation of alkylbenzenes, primary alcohols, alcohol ethers, alpha-olefIns and fatty acid methyl esters, with a strong emphasis on the sulphur-based S~/air sulphonation technology. The first part deals with raw material specifications, hazards, storage, handling and physical properties. In the following section the process chemistry is discussed, indicating main chemical reactions, undesired parallel and consecutive reactions, exothermal heat effects and all other process chemistry data that are relevant for process selection and equipment design. The section about the actual process equipment from the various plant equipment suppliers (Ballestra, Chemithon, Mazzoni, Meccaniche Modeme and Lion Corp.) takes into account the chemical reaction engineering aspects derived from the sulphonation technology processing chemistry. Product quality, product storage and handling, product safety and physical properties are the contents of the next section. The effluent handling and exhaust gas treatment of the SOiair sulphonation technology are further discussed in detail.

Environmental awareness in Germany is closely linked to washing powder. The mountains of foam in many rivers during the hot summer of 1958 showed how Western lifestyles were incompatible with the environment: the surfactants in washing powder were biologically upgradeable or, at best, hardly degradable. This played a large role in creating environmental consciousness and in strengthening research into washing powders. Here the author disseminates the chemical, biological and physical knowledge behind modern washing processes to all interested parties; schools, students, and lab workers; to all who need, use and - above all - pass on this knowledge: teachers, trainers, lecturers, consultants, professional associations, consumer agencies, societies, government agencies and other private or state-run institutions will appreciate this detailed, yet readily comprehensible source.

This new book reviews research in the field of detergent types, their components and uses. Discussed herein are biosurfactants and their uses in the petroleum industry and in hydrocarbon pollution remediation; detergent-based DNA extraction techniques in molecular biology; enzyme usage as an active ingredient in detergents and the influence of different detergents on the preservation of the cytoskeleton and detergent-resistant membranes on whole-mounted cells. In this compilation, also explored, is the study on the synthesis, separation, analysis and performance of sulfo fatty methyl ester sulfonates as new anionic surfactants.

A best-seller in its first edition, Liquid Detergents, Second Edition captures the most significant advances since 1996, maintaining its reputation as a first-stop reference in all fundamental theories, practical applications, formulation technologies and manufacturing aspects of liquid detergents. Featuring contributions from 22 award-winning, international experts from industry and academia, the book embraces recent advances in the products and technologies of liquid detergents over the last decade and includes more than 30% new material, 1800 up-to-date references, and 300 figures and tables.

Offers an integrated overview of enzyme use in household detergents, from product development and manufacturing to safety and health-related issues. The text details the major types of enzymes, structure-function relationships, life cycle analyses, protein-engineering techniques, cleaning mechanisms, and past, present and future applications.