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This twenty-third ICMI Study addresses for the first time mathematics teaching and learning in the primary school (and pre-school) setting, while also taking international perspectives, socio-cultural diversity and institutional constraints into account. One of the main challenges of designing the first ICMI primary school study of this kind is the complex nature of mathematics at the early level. Accordingly, a focus area that is central to the discussion was chosen, together with a number of related questions. The broad area of Whole Number Arithmetic (WNA), including operations and relations and arithmetic word problems, forms the core content of all primary mathematics curricula. The study of this core content area is often regarded as foundational for later mathematics learning. However, the principles and main goals of instruction on the foundational concepts and skills in WNA are far from universally agreed upon, and practice varies substantially from country to country. As such, this study presents a meta-level analysis and synthesis of what is currently known about WNA, providing a useful base from which to gauge gaps and shortcomings, as well as an opportunity to learn from the practices of different countries and contexts.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the author's work which includes significant developments of coronary CT angiography in the diagnosis of coronary plaques. The main contributions of the book lie in the following areas: both 2D and 3D analysis of coronary plaques with coronary CT angiography, diagnostic value of coronary CT angiography with use of different multislice CT scanners, quantitative analysis of coronary plaques in terms of lumen assessment, and bifurcation angle analysis, in particular, the diagnostic performance of coronary CT angiography in calcified plaques, and finally, hemodynamic analysis of plaques with regard to the effects of plaques on coronary blood flow, and CT-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT).

This book presents a road map for applying the stages in conceptualization, evaluation, and testing of biomedical devices in a systematic order of approach, leading to solutions for medical problems within a well-deserved safety limit. The issues discussed will pave the way for understanding the preliminary concepts used in modern biomedical device engineering, which include medical imaging, computational fluid dynamics, finite element analysis, particle image velocimetry, and rapid prototyping. This book would undoubtedly be of use to biomedical engineers, medical doctors, radiologists, and any other professionals related to the research and development of devices for health care.