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Fifty years ago Claude Chevalley revolutionized Lie theory by pub­ lishing his classic Theory of Lie Groups I. Before his book Lie theory was a mixture of local and global results. As Chevalley put it,'This limitation was probably necessary as long as general topology was not yet sufficiently well elaborated to provide a solid base for a theory in the large. These days are now passed:'Indeed, they are passed because Chevalley's book changed matters. Chevalley made global Lie groups into the primary objects of study. In his third and fourth chapters he introduced the global notion of ana­ lytic subgroup, so that Lie subalgebras corresponded exactly to analytic subgroups. This correspondence is now taken as absolutely standard, and any introduction to general Lie groups has to have it at its core. Nowadays'local Lie groups'are a thing of the past; they arise only at one point in the development, and only until Chevalley's results have been stated and have eliminated the need for the local theory. But where does the theory go from this point? Fifty years after Cheval­ ley's book, there are clear topics: E. Cartan's completion ofW. Killing's work on classifying complex semisimple Lie algebras, the treatment of finite-dimensional representations of complex semisimple Lie algebras and compact Lie groups by Cartan and H. Weyl, the structure theory begun by Cartan for real semisimple Lie algebras and Lie groups, and harmonic analysis in the setting of semisimple groups as begun by Cartan and Weyl.

With the first edition out of print, we decided to arrange for republi­ cation of Denumerrible Markov Ohains with additional bibliographic material. The new edition contains a section Additional Notes that indicates some of the developments in Markov chain theory over the last ten years. As in the first edition and for the same reasons, we have resisted the temptation to follow the theory in directions that deal with uncountable state spaces or continuous time. A section entitled Additional References complements the Additional Notes. J. W. Pitman pointed out an error in Theorem 9-53 of the first edition, which we have corrected. More detail about the correction appears in the Additional Notes. Aside from this change, we have left intact the text of the first eleven chapters. The second edition contains a twelfth chapter, written by David Griffeath, on Markov random fields. We are grateful to Ted Cox for his help in preparing this material. Notes for the chapter appear in the section Additional Notes. J.G.K., J.L.S., A.W.K.

Advanced Real Analysis systematically develops those concepts and tools in real analysis that are vital to every mathematician, whether pure or applied, aspiring or established. Along with a companion volume Basic Real Analysis (available separately or together as a Set), these works present a comprehensive treatment with a global view of the subject, emphasizing the connections between real analysis and other branches of mathematics. Advanced Real Analysis requires of the reader a first course in measure theory, including an introduction to the Fourier transform and to Hilbert and Banach spaces. Some familiarity with complex analysis is helpful for certain chapters. The book is suitable as a text in graduate courses such as Fourier and functional analysis, modern analysis, and partial differential equations. Because it focuses on what every young mathematician needs to know about real analysis, the book is ideal both as a course text and forself-study, especially for graduate students preparing for qualifying examinations. Its scope and approach will appeal to instructors and professors in nearly all areas of pure mathematics, as well as applied mathematicians working in analytic areas such as statistics, mathematical physics, and differential equations. Indeed, the clarity and breadth of Advanced Real Analysis make it a welcome addition to the personal library of every mathematician.

Basic Algebra and Advanced Algebra systematically develop concepts and tools in algebra that are vital to every mathematician, whether pure or applied, aspiring or established. Advanced Algebra includes chapters on modern algebra which treat various topics in commutative and noncommutative algebra and provide introductions to the theory of associative algebras, homological algebras, algebraic number theory, and algebraic geometry. Together the two books give the reader a global view of algebra, its role in mathematics as a whole and are suitable as texts in a two-semester advanced undergraduate or first-year graduate sequence in algebra.

Basic Algebra and Advanced Algebra systematically develop concepts and tools in algebra that are vital to every mathematician, whether pure or applied, aspiring or established. Together, the two books give the reader a global view of algebra and its role in mathematics as a whole. The exposition proceeds from the particular to the general, often providing examples well before a theory that incorporates them. The presentation includes blocks of problems that introduce additional topics and applications to science and engineering to guide further study. Many examples and hundreds of problems are included, along with a separate 90-page section giving hints or complete solutions for most of the problems. Basic Algebra presents the subject matter in a forward-looking way that takes into account its historical development. It is suitable as a text in a two-semester advanced undergraduate or first-year graduate sequence in algebra, possibly supplemented by some material from Advanced Algebra at the graduate level. It requires of the reader only familiarity with matrix algebra, an understanding of the geometry and reduction of linear equations, and an acquaintance with proofs.

Basic Real Analysis systematically develops those concepts and tools in real analysis that are vital to every mathematician, whether pure or applied, aspiring or established. Along with a companion volume Advanced Real Analysis (available separately or together as a Set), these works present a comprehensive treatment with a global view of the subject, emphasizing the connections between real analysis and other branches of mathematics. Basic Real Analysis requires of the reader only familiarity with some linear algebra and real variable theory, the very beginning of group theory, and an acquaintance with proofs. It is suitable as a text in an advanced undergraduate course in real variable theory and in most basic graduate courses in Lebesgue integration and related topics. Because it focuses on what every young mathematician needs to know about real analysis, the book is ideal both as a course text and for self-study, especially for graduate studentspreparing for qualifying examinations. Its scope and approach will appeal to instructors and professors in nearly all areas of pure mathematics, as well as applied mathematicians working in analytic areas such as statistics, mathematical physics, and differential equations. Indeed, the clarity and breadth of Basic Real Analysis make it a welcome addition to the personal library of every mathematician.

This book offers a systematic treatment--the first in book form--of the development and use of cohomological induction to construct unitary representations. George Mackey introduced induction in 1950 as a real analysis construction for passing from a unitary representation of a closed subgroup of a locally compact group to a unitary representation of the whole group. Later a parallel construction using complex analysis and its associated co-homology theories grew up as a result of work by Borel, Weil, Harish-Chandra, Bott, Langlands, Kostant, and Schmid. Cohomological induction, introduced by Zuckerman, is an algebraic analog that is technically more manageable than the complex-analysis construction and leads to a large repertory of irreducible unitary representations of reductive Lie groups. The book, which is accessible to students beyond the first year of graduate school, will interest mathematicians and physicists who want to learn about and take advantage of the algebraic side of the representation theory of Lie groups. Cohomological Induction and Unitary Representations develops the necessary background in representation theory and includes an introductory chapter of motivation, a thorough treatment of the'translation principle,'and four appendices on algebra and analysis.

This book starts with the elementary theory of Lie groups of matrices and arrives at the definition, elementary properties, and first applications of cohomological induction, which is a recently discovered algebraic construction of group representations. Along the way it develops the computational techniques that are so important in handling Lie groups. The book is based on a one-semester course given at the State University of New York, Stony Brook in fall, 1986 to an audience having little or no background in Lie groups but interested in seeing connections among algebra, geometry, and Lie theory. These notes develop what is needed beyond a first graduate course in algebra in order to appreciate cohomological induction and to see its first consequences. Along the way one is able to study homological algebra with a significant application in mind; consequently one sees just what results in that subject are fundamental and what results are minor.

This book is a course in representation theory of semisimple groups, automorphic forms and the relations between these two subjects written by some of the world's leading experts in these fields. It is based on the 1996 instructional conference of the International Centre for Mathematical Sciences in Edinburgh. The book begins with an introductory treatment of structure theory and ends with an essay by Robert Langlands on the current status of functoriality. All papers are intended to provide overviews of the topics they address, and the authors have supplied extensive bibliographies to guide the reader who wants more detail. The aim of the articles is to treat representation theory with two goals in mind: 1) to help analysts make systematic use of Lie groups in work on harmonic analysis, differential equations, and mathematical physics and 2) to provide number theorists with the representation-theoretic input to Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem. Features: Discussion of representation theory from many experts'viewpoints Treatment of the subject from the foundations through recent advances Discussion of the analogies between analysis of cusp forms and analysis on semisimple symmetric spaces, which have been at the heart of research breakthroughs for 40 years Extensive bibliographies

In this classic work, Anthony W. Knapp offers a survey of representation theory of semisimple Lie groups in a way that reflects the spirit of the subject and corresponds to the natural learning process. This book is a model of exposition and an invaluable resource for both graduate students and researchers. Although theorems are always stated precisely, many illustrative examples or classes of examples are given. To support this unique approach, the author includes for the reader a useful 300-item bibliography and an extensive section of notes.

An elliptic curve is a particular kind of cubic equation in two variables whose projective solutions form a group. Modular forms are analytic functions in the upper half plane with certain transformation laws and growth properties. The two subjects--elliptic curves and modular forms--come together in Eichler-Shimura theory, which constructs elliptic curves out of modular forms of a special kind. The converse, that all rational elliptic curves arise this way, is called the Taniyama-Weil Conjecture and is known to imply Fermat's Last Theorem. Elliptic curves and the modeular forms in the Eichler- Shimura theory both have associated L functions, and it is a consequence of the theory that the two kinds of L functions match. The theory covered by Anthony Knapp in this book is, therefore, a window into a broad expanse of mathematics--including class field theory, arithmetic algebraic geometry, and group representations--in which the concidence of L functions relates analysis and algebra in the most fundamental ways. Developing, with many examples, the elementary theory of elliptic curves, the book goes on to the subject of modular forms and the first connections with elliptic curves. The last two chapters concern Eichler-Shimura theory, which establishes a much deeper relationship between the two subjects. No other book in print treats the basic theory of elliptic curves with only undergraduate mathematics, and no other explains Eichler-Shimura theory in such an accessible manner.