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This open access book describes the theory of transformation thermotics and its extended theories for the active control of macroscopic thermal phenomena of artificial systems, which is in sharp contrast to classical thermodynamics comprising the four thermodynamic laws for the passive description of macroscopic thermal phenomena of natural systems. This monograph consists of two parts, i.e., inside and outside metamaterials, and covers the basic concepts and mathematical methods, which are necessary to understand the thermal problems extensively investigated in physics, but also in other disciplines of engineering and materials. The analyses rely on models solved by analytical techniques accompanied by computer simulations and laboratory experiments. This monograph can not only be a bridge linking three first-class disciplines, i.e., physics, thermophysics, and materials science, but also contribute to interdisciplinary development.

This book systematically investigates the Mars entry problem from the perspectives of deterministic optimization, uncertainty optimization, and guidance. Began with a detailed review of the robotic missions and human-scaled exploration plans to Mars, theories or concepts of optimal control, uncertainty quantification, robust optimization, model predictive control, sequential convex programming, and computational guidance are subsequently introduced. Correspondingly, this book presents a series of trajectory planning and guidance algorithms to improve the robustness, reliability, and safety of the Mars missions. Because the Mars entry problem is studied using advanced mathematics, including probability theory, optimization theory, and cybernetics, thus the book is primarily designed as a textbook for graduate students in aerospace engineering, aeronautics, and astronautics departments. Engineers and researchers may also use this book as a reference or tutorial to help with the modeling and simulation of the Mars entry problem due to its thorough simulations and analyses.

This book investigates the form and features of governance and the factors that shape governance in practice in private universities in China. Building on an exploration of the growth of private universities in China after the Communist Party took over the power, the study examines the specific context in China, including the role of the Communist Party, and integrates with shareholders and senior managers to achieve its governance role. It shows that two distinct forms of institutional governance have developed, namely the supervision form and the managerial form. While external policies provide an impetus for change for each university, how key actors in institutional governance understand these policies have significant effect on how the policies are implemented. This can result in change that can be viewed as either symbolic alteration or as operational change. The internal factors that act to shape institutional governance mainly relate to the different developmental stages of theprivate university, the characteristics of shareholders and senior managers, and the various ways the universities respond to the external policy.

Liu and Cowan offer a unique in-depth study of educational development and social transformation in rural China. It foregrounds identifiable settings and personalities, engaging readers with the voices and experiences of people who are involved with the education system. This book explores the link between educational transformation and local economic regeneration. The research covers important phases of the educational development programme outlined by the County's tow five-year education plans. It records a wide range of perspectives on Chinese rural education from stakeholders engaged with the education service. It reveals the contingent and different factors that lie behind the complex pattern of the educational development process. This research also illustrates how education policy is administered and driven forward through the local officers working closely with school leaders. This intriguing look at rural Chinese educational development will interest academics and students specializing in the study of education and international development, Chinese education and society, education policy studies and modern China studies

This book offers an intimate and personal look at what China's poverty alleviation has meant for individuals. The dramatic progress in reducing poverty in China over the past three decades is well known. According to the World Bank, more than 500 million people were lifted out of extreme poverty as China's poverty rate fell from 88 percent in 1981 to 6.5 percent in 2012. Behind this statistic are the millions of families in rural China who have moved from extreme poverty to a more comfortable way of life in modern China. This is the story of four generations of one such family. Grandma Zhen and her eight children have faced the hardship of war, the great famine of 1958-1960, the Cultural Revolution of 1967-1977 and Opening-up and Reform. They have had to adjust to a rapidly changing culture that has affected all aspects of their lives, including marriage, the one-child policy, and education. Through incredible endurance and hard work, they have not only survived, but thrived. This book will be of value to anthropologists, developmental economists, sinophiles, and more.

Advance in barley sciences presents the latest developments in barley sciences. It collects 39 papers submitted to the 11th International Barley Genetics Symposium, and covers all presentation sessions of the conference, i.e., barley development and economy, utilizationof germplasm, genetic resources and genetic stocks, end-uses, biotic stress tolerance, abiotic stresses, new and renewed breeding methodology, barley physiology, breeding success stories, barley genomics and all other ‘-omics.'Th e information will be usefulfor barley breeders, brewers, biochemists, molecular geneticists and biotechnologists. Th is book may also serve as reference text for students and scientists engaged in barley research.Dr. Guoping Zhang is a barley breeder and crop physiologist at the Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, China.Dr. Chengdao Li is a senior molecular geneticist and barley breeder at the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, Australia. He is also an adjunct professor at Murdoch University of Australia and Zhejiang University.Dr. Xu Liu, a member of the China Academy of Engineering, is a plant resources researcher at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.