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The purpose of this paper is to examine the beef value chain and identify climate change adaptation and investment options in the semi-arid areas of northern Kenya. The research uses an innovative approach to value chain analysis, namely the three-step Value Chain Analysis for Resilience in Drylands (VC-ARID) that considers the specific characteristics of semi-arid systems. All the respondents interviewed along the value chain have perceived changes in rainfall, temperature and climate extremes – especially drought – over the past 15 years and have experienced the impacts of these changes on their livestock. The findings show that pastoralist producers need to invest in fattening programmes at their ranches or via feedlots to increase the quality of the beef they produce. There is significant potential to improve the fattening stage in the value chain, since it would contribute towards meeting demand in the expanding high-end markets that require finished, top-quality meats. • Pastoralists beef value chain is more informal, traditional, extensive pastoralism. • Private ranches value chain is formal and incorporates fattening of livestock. • Pastoralists rely on mobility for coping with climate risk. • Climate change has negatively impacted on semi-Arid livestock production. • There is potential to improve and expand the fattening stage of the value chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]