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Exploring Firewall Technology to Improve Computer Network Security in 5G Firewalls are essential for maintaining computer networks' high levels of security. Network security has drawn a lot of attention as a result of the increased usage of computer technology. In the context of a 5G environment, this article examines the value of firewall technology in securing computer networks. Inadequate base station deployment at communication cell boundaries is one vulnerability that the implementation of 5G mobile networks offers. This study suggests mobile network optimization tactics to deal with these issues. In order to propose numerous optimization methods that guarantee flawless network coverage and unbroken mobile communication, it looks into difficult communication scenarios in metropolitan settings. Additionally, the introduction of 5G will deliver fast, big-capacity, low-latency, and highly dependable services that affect how well local optical cable infrastructure and core systems are used. The paper emphasizes how effectively utilizing firewalls, which offer a high level of protection, has improved computer network security. Experimental results back up these conclusions, highlighting the crucial function firewalls play in maintaining complete network security in the 5G future. [1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted global health, economies, and societies. As the disease continues to evolve, there is an increasing need for accurate and timely predictions to aid in formulating effective public health strategies and resource allocation. This abstract presents a study on applying machine learning techniques to predict and understand the dynamics of COVID-19. Machine learning models, specifically supervised learning algorithms, were trained on a comprehensive dataset encompassing various epidemiological factors,demographic information, and socio-economic indicators [2]. Feature engineering techniques were employed to extract relevant features from the dataset, such as daily cases, testing rates, vaccination coverage, and mobility patterns. Different machine learning algorithms, including random forests, support vector machines, and gradient boosting, were evaluated and optimized to achieve the best predictive performance. Cross-validation techniques were applied to ensure the robustness and generalizability of the models. Hyper parameter tuning and model selection processes were carried out to enhance the accuracy and interpretability of the predictions. The trained models demonstrated promising results in predicting COVID-19 outcomes, such as the number of cases, hospitalizations, and mortality rates. Furthermore, feature importance analysis provided valuable insights into the factors driving the spread and severity of the disease, enabling public health officials to make informed decisions. This study contributes to the growing body of machine learning research to understand and forecast the COVID-19 pandemic [1]. By leveraging the power of data-driven models, policymakers and healthcare professionals can better anticipate the trajectory of the disease, allocate resources efficiently, and implement targeted interventions to mitigate its impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper illustrates the detailed accreditation process of ABET, Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology, for accrediting engineering and Technology programs. ABET being non-governmental agency that accredits engineering & technology, applied & natural sciences, and computing sciences programs. ABET was founded on 10th May 1932 and was founded by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. International industries accept ABET accredited institute having highest standards in their academic programs. In this accreditation there are eight criterion in general, criterion 1 describes the student outcome evaluations, criteria 2 measures the program educational objectives, criteria 3 is the student outcome calculated from the marks obtained by students, criteria 4 establishes continuous improvement, criteria 5 focus on curriculum of the institute, criteria 6 is about faculties of this institute, criteria 7 measures the facilities provided by the institute and finally, criteria 8 focus on institutional support towards staff of the institute. In this paper we focused on the calculative part of each criterion with equations and suitable examples, the files and documentations required for each criterion and the total workflow of the process. The references and the values used to illustrate the calculations are all taken from the samples provided at ABET official website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an optimization approach is brought forward for optimal energy scheduling in a modern smart home. After the development of smart devices and their integration with smart grid, the end consumers have the chance to schedule their home appliances in order to decrease the overall electricity price and allaying the power Peak to Average ratio (PAR). The application pattern of home devices is observed at first for optimal energy scheduling. The home gateway (HG) obtains the demand response (DR) showing the real-time electricity price (RTEP) and later sent to energy management controller (EMC). With the Demand Response, the EMC results in the essential energy scheduling that can be sent to each electric appliance by the Home Gateway. The next feature is integrating RTEP with IBR, because if only RTEP is considered the appliances tend to be scheduled at lowest electricity price slot, this may lead to blackout during that time period. By executing this optimization method, our proposed approach could gradually reduce boththe electricity price and PAR, thereby, strengthening the stability of the entire Grid system. The optimization technique we used to solve this problem was Genetic Algorithm (GA) as the optimization problem was nonlinear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of possible intrusions to any networking system is always considered as the most important task especially when the role of attacks has changed on NIDS. The improved modeling implementation on NIDS can only be archived by making Machine learning implementation on intrusion data for detection of possible intrusions. The implementation of machine learning techniques can be possible on IoT networks, cloud implementation, traditional networks or even on the WSN's for identification of possible intrusions. In this article, the possible challenges which can create barriers to the detection and mitigation of possible intrusions are identified with help of ML techniques and intrusion datasets which are available for public uses. The possible problems associated to implementation of NIDS are mainly explained in this article. The improved development of NIDS models will become possible to the researchers with help of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comfort from random vibrations is the criteria for a driver of a vehicle. Amplitude of vibrations is to be reduced in order to achieve the comfort zone either to the driver or the passengers. Vibration isolation, materials, design of the vehicles based on the properties of the elastic, inertia, damping elements. In this article, designed the vibration isolator (VI) and used the various materials of Carbon spring (M1), Music Wire (M2), Chrome-Vanadium (M3) and Chrome-Silicon (M4) are considered for elastic element and observed the stresses and deformations at the loads of 10 N to 30 N in steps of 10 N. The maximum deformation is observed in M2 as 4.8948 mm and minimum in M4 at 4.6545 mm and remains constant for M3 and M1 as 4.8588 mm at 10 N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through Cerenkov interactions, a low-frequency electrostatic dust acoustic waves (DAWs) have been driven to instabilities by negatively charged dust grains comprised in a plasma cylinder, where a Gyrating ion beam having velocity (v ⊥ θ ⌢ + v b 0 Z ^) has been propagating. For the typically existing parameters of dusty plasma, numerical calculations of phase velocity, unstable wave frequency and growth rate have been performed. With relative density δ (= n 0 i n 0 e ) of negatively charged dust grains, an enhancement in the unstable wave frequency and in the growth rate have been noticed. This is due to the fact that adding of dust into plasma increased the instability, so our growth rate will grow up. Consequently, with the beam density, an increment in the growth rate of unstable dust acoustic wave mode has been reported. It is scaled as 1/3rd of the beam density. Additionally, with the beam energy, an enhancement in the real part frequency of the unstable mode has also been reported. It is scaled as 1/2nd power of beam energy. In research laboratory as well as in astrophysical plasmas, the outcome of this work shall find useful applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pottery in the form of artistic expression, is one of the important ways of communicating the traditional knowledge and information as it communicates valuable information about the human past with the help of earthen made vessels and idols. It has communicated the information even before technology has made a room for science communication. Science Communication incorporates the communication among groups within the scientific community, counting those in academic world and industry. The academician from science and social science background has got many valuable information from pottery and so is the government, media (including museums and science centers) and general public. Therefore, Pottery talks and communicates the information. This paper will focus on preserving the pottery in India: A traditional medium of science Communication, as community associated with it, known as Kumhar are losing interest eventually in practicing pottery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart materials are the product of significant advances in industrial engineering and can be used in a number of ways. This study examines a number of smart materials used in current building constructions from the perspectives of civil engineering and architecture, as well as the benefits they may provide. These advantages include the construction of the building, the interior design, and the façade approach. A new attractive effect is a very major cause of the usage of specific product. This impression is created by means of improved patterns; shape alteration, dynamic imagery display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concrete is very sensitive in its fresh condition. Cracks are nearly unavoidable even after taking every precaution from the selection of material to the casting of concrete. Cracks are termite for concrete. hence it is necessary to provide such agents in the concrete which can increase its autogenous healing ability. In this paper, bacillus subtilis bacteria and sugarcane bagasse ash have been used in concrete to study their effects on its strength and water absorption property. The experiment is done in two steps. In the first step, sugarcane bagasse-ash is used in cement concrete as partial replacement with cement by 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% to find out optimum replacement value of bagasse ash for which we get maximum compressive strength of the concrete and we found it at 10 % replacement. Then in the second step, solution of bacillus subtilis bacteria having concentration 105 cells/ml is used with bagasse ash partially replaced with cement by 10% in the casting of concrete. It was found that the compressive strength further increases by 20.57% with the addition of bacteria in bagasse-ash based concrete. Water absorption capacity was found to be reduced up to 20.10%. Hence the crux is that the use of bacillus subtilis bacteria at the concentration 105 cells/ml and sugarcane bagasse ash with 10% replacement with OPC improves the mechanical properties and impermeability by reducing the water absorption capacity of concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present manuscript, the phenomena of temperature anisotropy driven Weibel instability is reported for different modes: in the presence of cold and warm carbon ion plasma, carbon plasma in the presence of hydrogen ions and in hydrogen ion plasma, respectively. Numerical calculations of the normalized growth rate and their expressions for an electromagnetic wave having ω > > k z v t h z , i.e., when the phase velocity of electromagnetic wave is greater than the electron thermal velocity, and ω < < k z v t h z , i.e., when the phase velocity of electromagnetic wave is less than thermal velocity of electrons for cold ion case are carried out. Also in the case of warm ions, for the electromagnetic wave having v t h z > ω k z > v t h z α and v t h z > v t h α z ≈ ω k z , the growth rate is studied for the typical existing plasma parameters. It is found that the normalized growth rate in the presence of cold carbon ion plasma scales one half powers of the electron temperature anisotropy parameters, A = T x T z − 1. The normalized growth rate Γ p = Γ / ω p e increases with increasing normalized wave number kp and attains maxima at small wave numbers and due to thermal effects, the further increase in the wave number decreases the growth rate. There is a significant effect of adding up the hydrogen ions into carbon plasma. The presence of the hydrogen ions into carbon plasma increases the stability, so the growth rate decreases. Also, for the case of pure carbon ion plasma, the instability increases. Thus, the growth rate increases. While, the normalized growth rate value is largest for the case of pure carbon ion plasma or smallest for the case of pure hydrogen ion plasma and lies in between them for the case of carbon plasma in the presence of hydrogen ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the current investigation is to carry out an analysis of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of hybrid nanofluid across a wedge-shaped geometry under the impact of convectively heated boundary conditions. Specifically, for this analysis, two distinct kinds of water-based nanofluids comprising Copper (Cu) and Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) have been selected. Similarity variables are applied to convert the controlling fluid flow differential equations into a set of connected ordinary differential equations that regulate the fluid flow. The effect of relevant flow parameters on nanofluid temperature, velocity, and concentration is graphically illustrated with detailed explanations, whereas numerical results for rate of mass and heat transfer and skin friction coefficient at the wedge's surface are presented in tabular form. It has been found that increasing the Biot number enhances the temperature profile. The work that has been done here has a wide range of applications in both scientific and industrial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radon is termed as one of the first identified carcinogenic radioactive gas that causes cancer to the human beings. It is the second most responsible reason for the occurrence of lung cancer in humans after the tobacco smoking.Its existence in the indoor environment vary from place to place and it can become very harmful, if its indoor value reaches to high levels. Its concentration has to be measured to safeguard humans, living indoor, from its harmful effects. In this study an attempt has been made to measure the indoor radon equilibrium equivalent concentration usingLR-115 solid-state nuclear track detectors in some dwellings of Panchkula district of Haryana, India.The measurements were done for the two seasons viz. summer and autumn. indoor radon equilibrium equivalent concentration was found to vary from 55 Bq m−3 to 114Bq m−3 and 64 Bq m−3 to 145 Bq m−3 for summer and autumn season respectively. The annual effective dose received by the dwellers due to these radon levels was found to be 1.57 mSv. These measured values are found to be more or less within the safe limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heatt transfer enhancement in solar air heater (SAH) over surface can be improved by placing rib roughness element embedded on the absorber surface. The present work is concerned with the technique of enhancing the heatt transfer by providing chamfered rib along with grooved roughness on the absorber plate surface of solar air heater (SAH) was analysed by CFD based ANSYS FLUENT 16.2 commercially available software. The 2-D numerical study was performed on CFD model of solar air heater system and the analysiss has been done to get the outcome of relative roughness pitch (Pi/e of 4.5,6,8,10) on heatt transfer and frictionn factor (fr) keeping all the dimensionless parameter constant i.e. relative groovee position (g/Pi) of 0.4, relative roughness height (e/D) of 0.04 and chamfered angle (ϕ) of 18° at different Reynoldss number ranges from 3000-20000. The simulated results of mathematical modeling using renowned Reynolds averaged Navierr Stokes equations (RANS) turbulence model is validated and compared similitude the results with those of existing experimental values under similar conditions. The results implies that the value of average Nusseltt number increases with increasing the relative roughness pitch (Pi/e) and attain its maximum at Pi/e of 6 mainly due to strong reattachment location between the ribs, furthermore increase of Pi/e values from 8 to 10 the Nusseltt number found to decrease declined for all value of Reynoldss number. Thus, it emphasizes that the chamfered rib roughness at Pi/e of 6 is the strong function of Nusseltt number achieving its optimum value of heatt transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon photodiodes coupled to scintillators are widely used for X-ray imaging applications involving radiography and tomography for security or medical applications. X-ray baggage inspection systems (XBIS) are used for detection of threat materials using dual energy radiography of objects. A basic understanding of these systems in terms of generation of scintillation photons, energy deposition in scintillators and charge generation in photodiodes is essential for the design of the systems and for optimizing the detector parameters to achieve desired imaging performance. In the present work, Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to analyze the performance of detectors starting from theoretical generation of X-ray spectrum. Using this spectrum detector performance for dual energy material discrimination was studied. X-ray images of objects for evaluating penetration capability were also obtained. The R-values were calculated for different materials for mono-energetic X-ray photons which were observed to be constant with the thickness of the material. However, these values were observed to be decreasing with the increase in the thickness of the material when actual 140 keV X-ray spectrum was used for the simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our present work, Ba0.98-3x/2BixCa0.02Zr0.02Ti0.976Cu0.008O3(abb. as BCZTCuBix) lead free ferroelectric ceramics have been synthesized via solid state reaction method. TGA-DSC and XRD techniques have been used to characterize these lead free ceramic samples. From the TGA-DSC analysis of BCZTCuBix with x = 0.01, it is clear that the weight loss became stable after 1000°C, which is an indication of the fact that the reaction has completed up to this temperature. Such observations give a fair estimation of the calcination temperature for BCZTCuBix ceramic samples. The XRD analysis confirms the formation of perovskite structure with tetragonal symmetry for the calcined as well as forthe sintered samples. Further, the crystallite size of calcined sample was found to be decrease from 32.26 nm to 29.96 nm with increase in doping content of 'Bi' from x=0 to x=0.02, which may be ascribed to the distortion in the lattice caused by the difference in the ionic radii of dopants and host ions in BCZT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environment protection and Human health concern is the driving force to eliminate the lead from commercial piezoelectric materials. Among lead-free ferroelectric ceramics, Potassium-sodium niobate (KxNa1-x) NbO3 (KNN) based ceramics have gain much attention as one of the effective alternatives for replacing lead-based ones. In the present study, we have synthesized 0.96(K0.48Na0.52)1-3xNdxNb0.96Sb0.04O3-0.04(Bi0.5K0.5) (Zr0.9Sn0.1) O3 (abb. as KNNNxS-BKZS) [x=0, 0.002 and 0.004] by a conventional solid-state reaction method. Thermal behaviour of mixed powders has been studied through TGA-DSC analysis to estimate the calcination temperature. TGA curve shows that, above 770°C, the decomposition of carbonates has completed and no significant weight loss has been observed after this temperature. A perovskite structure has been revealed in calcined as well as sintered ceramics through XRD analysis. The maximum crystallite size of calcined powders found to be ∼14.00 nm for x=0.002. Further, the crystallite size of the calcined powder for x=0 composition has been found to increase from ∼12.47 nm to ∼17.37 nm after sintering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, the yrast spectra of 94Nb has been studied in a microscopic frame work of calculations known as Projected Shell Model (PSM). Band structure for 94Nb has been obtained from the PSM calculation and the calculated yrast spectra is in good agreement with the available experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All the earth crust materials contains radionuclides in varying amount according to geological and environmental conditions which results into external and internal radiation exposure. In addition to building materials soil is also used in construction and hence has fundamental importance in the estimation of radionuclides for human health safety. In this study, natural radioactivity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K are investigated using the gamma spectrometer NaI (Tl) detector coupled with 1K MCA card. Activity concentration of radium, thorium and potassium vary from40.91 to 67.59 Bq/Kg,106.7 to 199.33 Bq/Kg and 698.89 to 1996.62 Bq/Kg with an average of 50.76 ±1.88 Bq/Kg, 154.69 ± 5.76 Bq/Kg and 1092.51 ±112.58 Bq/Kg respectively.In addition, different radiological parameters and hazard indices were calculated from measured gamma ray activities associated with use of these materials.The results in the present study were compared with the world average and also with the reported data available in literature.Estimated radiological hazards are below the recommendation of UNSCEAR andhelp in understanding the status of environmental radioactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some N=80 isotones (144Gd, 146Dy and 148Er) have been studied by using the HFB framework and the nuclear structure properties like yrast spectra, subshell occupation numbers and quadrupole moments have been obtained. Intrinsic quadrupole moments obtained from HFB calculations show a gradual increase as one moves from 144Gd to 148Er indicating, thereby, an increase in deformation, which is in agreement with the experimental results. From the results of subshell occupation numbers, it is clear that subshells 3s1/2, 2d3/2, 2d5/2, 1g7/2 and 1h11/2 of protons are contributing towards the development of deformation as one moves from 144Gd to 148Er. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic study of two-quasiparticle bands of the odd-odd 102Nb nucleus is performed using the projected shell model approach. Yrast band with some other bands have been obtained and back-bending in moment of inertia has also been calculated and compared with the available experimental. On comparing the available experimental data, it is found that the treatment with PSM provides a satisfactory explanation of the available data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using a microscopic method known as Projected Shell Model (PSM), positive-parity band structure of odd mass neutron-deficient 117I nucleus has been studied with the deformed single-particle states generated by the standard Nilsson potential. For this isotope, the band structure has been analyzed in terms of quasi-particles configurations. The phenomenon of back bending in moment of inertia is also studied in the present work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tailoring the electronic band gap of graphene nanoribbons (GNR) through edge functionalization and understanding the adsorption of guest adatoms on GNR is crucial for realization of upcoming organic devices. In the present work, we have investigated the structural stability and electronic property of bromine (Br) termination at the edges of zigzag GNR (ZGNR). The migration pathways of Br adatom on ZGNR have also been discussed along four different diffusion paths. It is revealed that Br termination induces metallicity in ZGNR and caused upward shifting of Fermi level. Further, the migration is predicted to take place preferable along the ribbon edges whereas across the ribbon width, migration is least probable to take place due to sufficiently higher migration barrier of ∼160 meV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern age of technology, the redundancies are employed in the various industrial systems to prevent them from failure/sudden failure or to recover from failures. As complexity increases, the chances of failure of the system are also increased. So, in order to prevent a system from various failures and compete from other similar industries, it is mandatory that the considered system should free from all types of failure as much as possible. Keeping this in mind in the present paper the authors have investigated the simultaneous effect of k-out-of-n: G/F and parallel redundancy in a complex industrial system. In order to analyse the problem mathematically Markov process has been used. Numerical results have also been depicted with the aid of graphs for a clear understanding of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated the structural and electrical transport properties of nanocrystalline SrCo0.95Mn0.05O3-δ sample synthesized by the sol-gel method. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns show that sample has hexagonal crystal structure at room temperature. The temperature dependence of electrical resistivity data shows the insulating behavior below 100 K. Above 100 K, the sample shows the semiconducting-like behavior. At the high-temperature region 180 K - 300 K, the electrical transport behavior is dominated by the Mott's variable range hoping (VRH) conduction mechanism and the VRH fitted data shows the density of states in the vicinity of Fermi energy, N (EF) ~15.624 x 1018 ev-1cm-3 which is comparable to other semiconducting oxide materials. Field dependence magnetoresistance (MR) data shows the negative MR of 2.7% at room temperature for the field change of 3 T. The experimental result reveals the suitability of the magnetic compound for the memory devices near room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerium oxide has attained much attentions in global nanotechnology market due to valuable application for catalytic, fuel additive, and widely as electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cell. Doped cerium oxide has large oxygen vacancies that allow for greater reactivity and faster ion transport. These properties make cerium oxide suitable material for SOFCs application. Cerium oxide electrolyte requires lower operation temperature which shows improvement in processing and the fabrication technique. In our work, we synthesized magnesium doped cerium oxide by the co-precipitation method. With the magnesium doping catalytic reactivity of CeO2 was increased. Synthesized nanoparticle were characterized by the XRD and UV absorption techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic study of two-quasiparticle bands of the odd-odd 90Nb nucleus is performed using the projected shell model approach. Yrast band with some other bands have been obtained and back-bending in moment of inertia has also been calculated and compared with the available experimental. On comparing the available experimental data, it is found that the treatment with PSM provides a satisfactory explanation of the available data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristic nuclear structure properties of yrast bands of 55,57Cr have been investigated by using two body effective interactions incorporated in phenomenological axial framework. In order to check the validity of the chosen framework as well as chosen valence space, the calculated results are compared with the available experimental data and a good agreement has been found from the comparison. The back-bending in moment of inertia has also been studied and attributed to the alignment of odd g9/2 neutron along the rotation axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using the microscopic approach of Projected Shell Model (PSM), negative-parity band structures of odd mass neutron-rich 115,117I nuclei have been studied with the deformed single-particle states generated by the standard Nilsson potential. For these isotopes, the band structures have been analyzed in terms of quasi-particles configurations. The phenomenon of back bending in moment of inertia is also studied in the present work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-spin structure in 61Cu nucleus is studied in terms of effective two body interaction. In order to take into account the deformed BCS basis, the basis states are expanded in terms of the core eigenfunctions. Yrast band with some other bands havew been obtained and back-bending in moment of inertia has also been calculated and compared with the available experimental data for 61Cu nucleus. On comparing the available experimental as well as other theoretical data, it is found that the treatment with PSM provides a satisfactory explanation of the available data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]