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The connections between the vortical and near-acoustic fields of three-stream, high-speed jets are investigated for the ultimate purpose of developing linear surface-based models for the noise source. Those models would be informed by low-cost, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computations of the flow field. The study uses two triple-stream jets, one is coaxial and the other has eccentric tertiary flow that yields noise suppression in preferred directions. Large eddy simulations (LES) validate the RANS-based models for the convective velocity Uc of the noise-generating turbulent eddies. In addition, the LES results help define a "radiator surface" on which the jet noise source model would be prescribed. The radiator surface is located near the boundary between the rotational and irrotational fields and defined as the surface on which the Uc distribution, obtained from the space-time correlations of the pressure, matches that inferred from the RANS model. The edge of the mean vorticity field is nearly coincident with the radiator surface, which suggests a RANS-based criterion for locating this surface. The two-dimensional space-time correlations show how the asymmetry of the tertiary stream and the resulting thicker low-speed flow weakens the generation of acoustic disturbances from the vortical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transmission of sound at normal incidence through perforated plates with bias flow is investigated experimentally and theoretically over a large parameter space. A specially designed experimental apparatus enabled the measurement of insertion loss with bias flow Mach number up to 0.25. A theoretical model for insertion loss was constructed based on inviscid, one-dimensional wave propagation with mean flow through a single contraction/expansion chamber. The mass end correction of the contraction is modified for hole interaction effects and mean flow. Hydrodynamic losses are modeled using a vena contracta coefficient dependent on both perforation geometry and Reynolds number. Losses in acoustic energy that occur in the mixing region downstream of the perforations are modeled as fluctuations in entropy. The proposed model was validated experimentally over a range of plate thickness, porosity, and hole size. The experimental results indicate an increase in insertion loss with increasing frequency, followed by saturation and decline as resonant conditions are established in the perforations. The insertion loss at low frequency increases with increasing Mach number through the perforation. The proposed model captures these trends and its predictions are shown to be more accurate than those of past models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]