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This paper attempts to overcome the defects of bottleneck recognition and scheduling optimization in open production line. For this purpose, the author analysed the impact mechanism of external disturbances and system configuration changes on the production line, and put forward a multibottleneck identification model for production line through computer simulation. Then, the proposed model was applied to optimize the scheduling of open production line. Specifically, the bottlenecks of production line were identified based on hierarchical clustering and multi-attribute decision-making, aiming to overcome the small candidate set and low accuracy of traditional bottleneck identification algorithms. The measured results show that the proposed algorithm has clear primary and secondary logics; the number of main bottleneck clusters decreased with the increase in the order; the number of machines in the main bottleneck cluster changed nonlinearly. The traditional genetic algorithm (GA) was improved in three aspects: the local optimum trap was avoided by enhancing population diversity; the iteration speed was accelerated with the introduction of adaptive crossover operator and genetic operator; without sacrificing the computing speed, the convergence quality was guaranteed through the addition of multivariate competition algorithm. The research findings provide new insights into the efficient operation of production line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]