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• The "linkage" role of micro-kinetic parameters between road characteristics and accidents was discovered. • The longitudinal kinetic characteristics of tires can reflect the risk of rear-end accidents. • Demonstrates changes in vehicle operating on high-risk segments through micro-kinetic parameters. • Proposed a relatively novel modeling method. • Reveals the reliability of micro-kinetic parameters in the field of accident analysis. Freeway accidents are a leading cause of death in China, which also triggers substantial economic loss and an emotional burden to society. However, the internal mechanism of how microscopic kinetic parameters of vehicles influenced by road characteristics determine the occurrence of different types of accidents has not been explicitly studied. This research aimed to explore the "link role" of tire microscopic kinetic parameters in road characteristic variables and traffic accidents to aid in facilitating the traffic design and management, and thus to prevent traffic accident. Method: A mountain freeway in Zhejiang Province, China was used as the research object and the data used in this paper were obtained through a real-time vehicle experiment. Multiple estimation models, including the standard ordered logit (SOL) model, fixed parameters logit (FPL) model, and random parameters logit (RPL) model were established. Results: The findings show that road characteristics will affect the longitudinal kinetic characteristics of the vehicle and, consequently, map the level of risk of rear-end accidents. Driving compensation effects were also identified in this paper (i.e., the drivers tend to be more cautious in complicated driving circumstances). Another finding relating to the mountain freeway is that different tunnel characteristics (e.g., tunnel entrance and tunnel exit) have different effects on different types of traffic accidents. Practical Applications: The framework proposed in this article can provide new insight for researchers to enlarge the research subjects of both explanatory and outcome variables in accident analysis. Future research could be implemented to consider more driving conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Second emission trading market is not active in China so far, and the reason mainly lies in that enterprises do not have strong initiative for transaction. Thus it's meaningful to study related guiding mechanisms from the perspective of enterprises behavior. In this paper, an evolutionary game model and a small-world network model considering stock heterogeneity are constructed based on four given guiding mechanisms, and a simulation study is conducted through China Zhejiang emission trading market. The result shows that: (1) the optimal guiding mechanism is dynamic and changes from reward-punishment for both enterprises with surplus stock and enterprises with insufficient stock to reward-punishment for enterprises with insufficient stock when trading preferential profit coefficient increases to 1. (2) when penalty coefficient changes, the optimal guiding mechanism is the reward-punishment for both enterprises with surplus stock and enterprises with insufficient stock and keeps unchanged. (3) the enterprises with insufficient stock are more sensitive to penalty coefficient and trading preferential profit coefficient, especially to the latter, so it's better to stimulate the emission rights purchasing side and formulate positive reinforcement methods. The study of this paper can provide decision-making suggestions for Chinese government to stimulate the activity of second emission trading market. [Display omitted] • Four guiding mechanisms are given based on implementation objects. • An evolutionary game model is constructed. • A complex network model is constructed considering stock heterogeneity. • The optimal guiding mechanism is simulated and dynamically analyzed. • The policy recommendations are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The volatility and uncertainty of wind energy has brought great challenges to its accommodation in electric power systems. To determine a wind power trading strategy in the real-time power market, the accurate assessment of wind energy accommodation capability (WAC) is of great significance. However, most current studies investigate the wind energy accommodation potential from the perspective of dispatch, but rarely provide quantitative assessment results. Additionally, the non-anticipativity of decisions has not been considered in the assessment yet. This paper proposes a novel quantitative assessment method for WAC based on the multi-stage robust optimization (RO), which addresses the anticipativity issues in the traditional two-stage method while maintaining the decision-making process' robustness. In the assessment method, the operational risk is integrated via a tractable scheme to obtain dynamic admissible WAC boundaries. To obtain the optimal solution of the proposed multi-stage RO problem, a fast robust dual dynamic programming (FRDDP) algorithm is employed, where the adaptive techniques are developed to accelerate the computation. Numerical studies on the modified IEEE 14-Bus system and a real-world system in Zhejiang Province of China validate the effectiveness of the proposed assessment model and adaptive acceleration techniques. The simulation results demonstrate the presented method brings a 18.87% reduction in operational cost, and reduces 29.34% curtailment of wind energy. Compared with the original FRDDP, the adaptive technique significantly reduces the computational consumption by 73.34% on the real-world test system. • A novel assessment method for WAC is proposed based on the multi-stage robust optimization. • Tractable risk evaluation method is integrated in the multi-stage framework. • Adaptive techniques are designed for FRDDP method to accelerate the optimal solution. • The proposed method achieves both non-anticipative and robust assessment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate and timely carbon emission accounting (CEA) is vital to industrial corporations, especially those who participate in the carbon market. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and power systems, the power data-based method provides a new way for real-time CEA. However, the extensive installation of distributed photovoltaics (PV) significantly increases the accounting difficulty of corporate carbon emissions. This paper proposes a non-intrusive method of real-time CEA for industrial corporations from the perspective of modern power systems. First, a device operation state (DOS) estimation model based on a modified Informer algorithm is proposed to calculate corporate direct carbon emissions. Wherein, an equivalent distributed PV output estimation model is used to decrease the impact of invisible PVs on direct emission accounting. Second, an improved carbon emission flow model is proposed to calculate corporate indirect carbon emissions, which considers "prosumers" arising from the installation of distributed PVs. Finally, the total corporate carbon emissions, including direct and indirect parts, are obtained by using the CEA model. Case studies based on four typical high‑carbon-emission factories in Zhejiang province, China demonstrate that the proposed method can make accurate CEA for industrial corporations by effectively lessening the impact of distributed PVs. • A non-intrusive carbon emission accounting method for industrial corporations. • A novel perspective of modern power systems for carbon emission accounting. • Calculating carbon emissions considering distributed photovoltaics' impacts. • The method becomes superior as the photovoltaic output proportion increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The celadon with black body is a famous type of ceramic product in ancient China due to its appearance features, black body and crazing glaze, different from regular. For this type of ware, the crazing glaze is a kind of artificial decoration, not production defect. How the glaze crackles were made by ancient potter has always attracted many people's attention. And it has been studied mainly based on chemical composition. In this paper, we aim to provide our discussion and explanation for its sophisticated combinations of crazing glaze and black body. Based on analysis of ancient and modern celadon products, we thought that the difference in quartz content of the fired body is the reason why the celadon with black body is more likely to have crazing glaze than regular. And, the potter could control the expansion coefficient of the body by using Zijin clay with low quartz content as raw material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The effects of green roofs and practical green façades within courtyard area on public buildings investigated for "Hot Summer, cold Winter" region of China. • Internal surface temperatures for areas with and without external greening monitored and compared. • Heating and cooling energy consumption before and after greening compared from computer simulation as well as from smart meter readings. • Actual heating and cooling energy consumption before and after greening compared using statistical analyses. T -statistics and p -values show significant reductions were achieved. The "Hot Summer Cold Winter" climate region of China is one of the most challenging regions for providing occupant comfort in buildings, with high demands for heating as well as cooling, together with high humidity levels. Although the performance of buildings has improved with the implementation of the new Chinese National Building Standards for the Zhejiang Province, it is believed that adding passive strategies could help to alleviate the problem even further. This paper aims to investigate the effects of adding horizontal greening (green roof) and vertical greening in the courtyard area to existing public buildings in the "Hot Summer Cold Winter" climate region of China. Using computer simulation and measurements from a monitored case in the city of Ningbo, the effects of green retrofitting on human comfort and energy consumption are analysed. Simulation results suggest that with partial horizontal and vertical greening, the cooling load could be reduced by 8.8% and heating load by 1.85%. Comparisons between actual energy use before and after greening on the case building showed significant reductions in both winter and summer, confirming the positive effects of vertical and horizontal greening of public buildings in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the important policy and welfare implications of China's energy issues, to date there has been little investigation from a micro-level perspective of the misallocation of resources in manufacturing enterprises. To fill this gap, this paper deals with resource misallocations in China with special reference to energy and labor inputs. Using a large, novel dataset of manufacturing enterprises from Zhejiang province, we employ a simultaneous system of equations for (gross) industrial output value, wage bill, energy expenditure and carbon emissions. The explanatory variables include labor, educational attainment of employees, capital value, materials, and a list of energy-related variables. Our results show that, for the same energy content, non-coal energy inputs are more productive than coal and coal-related fuels. Non-coal energy is more environmentally friendly but more expensive than coal-related fuels. Using the model estimates, we conduct Wald tests on whether the marginal productivity of labor and energy significantly differ from their respective factor costs. The main findings are that there is substantial resource misallocation in manufacturing enterprises, with labor being underpaid and energy overpaid, on average, in comparison to their marginal productivity. For energy misallocation, however, the pattern varies considerably among the various subsectors. Specifically, energy is over-used in sectors such as Textile , Paper , Chemical , Plastics , Non-metallic , Ferrous metals and Non-ferrous metal . By contrast, energy is under-used in sectors such as Beverages , Textile-wearing apparel , Leather , Metal , Transport equipment , Electrical machinery and Communication equipment . These findings can assist decision-makers in targeting the sectors where there is the most misallocation, identifying which input factors are inappropriately used, improving economic efficiency and lowering overall production costs by reducing allocative inefficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Surface water quality has weak relationships with spatial configuration metrics. • Sub-watershed is better for land use proportions to explain surface water quality. • 500 m buffer is better for configuration metrics to explain adjacent water quality. • The land use-water quality relationships vary over space. • Poorer water quality leads to less significant land use-water quality correlations. Abstract Characterizing surface water quality is important for water resources management and protection. Numerous studies have addressed the fact that water quality is often impacted by land use, but the relationship between the two remains obscure. This paper explores the spatial dynamics of the relationship between land use and surface water quality and offers new insights into water pollution control practices. A self-organizing map (SOM) method and Pearson correlation testing were adopted to evaluate the associations between land use and surface water quality in Zhejiang Province, China. Selected water quality indicators included: dissolved oxygen (DO), permanganate index (COD Mn), total phosphorus (TP), and ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 –N). All the sampling sites were classified into four groups (Group A, B, C, and D) according to water quality using the SOM approach. Correlations between 16 land use parameters and the four water quality indicators were calculated at both the sub-watershed and 500 m buffer zone scales. The results showed that surface water quality was closely related to percent land use type, but was weakly related to spatial pattern (i.e., configuration) metrics. For percent land use type, the sub-watershed scale appeared to be more important than the 500 m buffer scale when explaining water quality variability. For landscape pattern parameters, buffer zone was superior to the sub-watershed for interpreting adjacent water quality. The correlation analysis for SOM clustered groups showed that land use-water quality relationships varied over space, suggesting that poorer water conditions had less significant correlations. The findings and the method used in this study can help improve water management as well as land use planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: China is currently facing the threat of serious air pollution and has adopted a series of governance policies. However, the fact that PM 2.5 indicator in some regions often reached far higher than the official threshold since 2015 has reflected that China's current Air Quality Index system for measuring and evaluating air quality is still not perfect. Therefore, this paper extended the current air quality indicator system officially used by China. Using improved Entropy-weighted Factor Method and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) Method, we calculated the air quality scores of 26 cities in China's most economically developed region - the Yangtze River Delta region based on their daily average concentration numbers of main air pollutants from February 2015 to January 2018. Based on the air quality calculation result, we further studied the effectiveness of air pollution control policies of this region by using the Box-Jenkins Model with fuzzy strategy parameter adjustment. Our findings are: the pollution control policy is more effective to Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The air quality score of Shanghai has improved by 51.07% compared with its level before the policy. Meanwhile, the air quality improvement in Zhejiang province has shown the characteristics of "Campaign-style Governance" right before the G20 Summit, especially that in Hangzhou, the host city of the Summit. On the other hand, maybe due to late start of air pollution control programs, the cities of Anhui province haven't shown obvious improvements in air quality, and some cities have even seen deterioration in air quality scores during our study period. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • We extended the current air quality indicator system officially used by China. • We used the Entropy-weighted Factor Method and TOPSIS Method for assessing. • We studied the control policies by Box-Jenkins Model with fuzzy strategy parameter. • Results and corresponding reasons were analyzed according to provinces and cities. • Policy recommendations for air pollution control in YRD were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]