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The developed nation's faces the demographic challenges, rapid urbanization, and rapid growth of their cities. The research attempts to create new indicators with several goals to evaluate the city to help developed nation decision makers and planners to do their role in enhancing the quality of life in their cities. First, review of urban challenges and urban development with the increasing of populations. Second, review the conventional urban indicators. Third, formulate of urban planning goals. Finally, it will calculate the comprehensive Planning Capa 2 Energy (PC 2 E) by creating new urban indicators on an agricultural road ( Abies) in the middle of Alexandria, Egypt as a case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gebel Abu Dabbab, which is located at 50 km NW of Marsa Alam city, represents an unique and specialized stock-like felsic intrusion of rare metals and Sn bearing albite granite. This granitic stock was emplaced along two intersected major faults and/or tensional shear zones trending NE and NW-SE relevant to the Najd Fault system. Petrographically, the albite granite is composed mainly of albite, quartz and microcline-microperthite and muscovite, in association with accessories; cassiterite, tantalite-columbite, zircon, allanite and apatite. The studied albite granite is enriched in Na 2 O, HFSEs, Ta and Nb, but it is poor in MgO, CaO, Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Ba, Sr, rare earth elements and radioelements (U, Th). Geodynamic modelling reveals that Abu Dabbab albite granite was generated as a result of partial melting of oceanic crust due to the interaction of primitive basaltic melts-derived from the mantle source. The resultant hybride melts were subsequently fractionated to tonalitic melts giving rise to the A1-subtype granite, which was emplaced within the intraplate environment at the later phase of the Pan African Orogeny. Moreover, the fractional crystallization and reworking of plagioclase were suffered from alkali mtasomatism after extraction of alkali feldspar granite melts. • Abu Dabbab albite granite is related to A1-subtype granite of mantle source. • Abu Dabbab albite granite intrusion was overprinted by alkali metasomatism and epigenetic rare-metals mineralization. • Najd-related structures seem to be a favorable setting for shear zones in the Abu Dabbab area. • Abu Dabbab albite granite resembles to Tawlah and Umm Al Suquian albit granites in Saudi Arabia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Thermal performance of clay, sludge and agriculture waste mixed brick was analyzed. • Lower thermal conductivity comparing with the traditional brick in Egypt. • Mixing waste materials with clay brick yield lower thermal conductivity. • Proposed brick samples lead to a lower predicted energy consumption. • Mixing waste materials with clay brick enhanced indoor thermal comfort conditions. Nowadays, the decarbonization of buildings is one of the most critical and immediate challenges facing the construction industry. Given that, agricultural and human residues have become a popular choice for manufacturing building materials due to their cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness, making them viable for achieving sustainability in the construction sector. This research investigates the thermal properties of several proposed brick samples produced by mixing clay, sludge, and sugarcane bagasse ash and studies the feasibility of using these brick samples to reduce energy consumption. First, four clay brick samples containing different proportions of water treatment sludge and sugarcane bagasse ash were prepared and tested experimentally to measure their thermal conductivity and physical properties. Subsequently, a comparative simulation analysis using EnergyPlus has been conducted to illustrate the feasibility of adopting proposed brick samples in a case study building and demonstrate the effect of the diverse construction materials on the thermal performance and energy consumption. The experimental results showed a significant improvement in the thermal conductivity of the brick samples produced by mixing clay, sludge, and sugarcane bagasse ash (0.11 to 0.26 W/m.K) compared to the traditional brick types (0.33 –1.6 W/m.K). Numerical results show the superiority of adopting the proposed materials, which leads to an average 64% reduction of the heat flow compared to the conventional wall systems. In this sense, the annual energy consumption was reduced by 16.5% in the building with the proposed brick walls compared to traditional clay bricks. Additionally, average thermal comfort conditions increased by 6.3% (16.3 to 22.6%). The findings of this research can serve as a start reference for practitioners and researchers endeavouring to find solutions for further improving the overall quality of thermally insulated waste-incorporated bricks, paving the way for more focused research on waste utilization in the development of replicable and energy-efficient buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]