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• Central information structure and peripheral information structure encourage forwarding. • Information style encourages forwarding. • Government information topic plays a significant moderating role. • Government information about people's livelihood easily attracts citizens to forward. Social media speeds up government information transmission between government agencies and citizens. Drawing on Elaboration Likelihood Model and Cognitive Fit Theory, we use cSEM package of R to examine how central information structure, peripheral information structure and information style influence the diffusion of government microblogs. We also explore how information topic moderates the main effects above. Analyzing data (n = 15,151) collected from six local government microblog accounts in China, we find that central information structure, peripheral information structure and information style indeed influences the diffusion of government microblogs. More importantly, our results show that government information topic (people's livelihood - vs non-livelihood) plays a significant moderating role in the diffusion of government microblogs. The findings contribute significant and intriguing insights to the research and practice in government information dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alumina-supported Pd-Zn bimetallic catalysts were prepared and evaluated for direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. The effect of Zn on the catalytic performance was studied via characterizations by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray photoelectron energy spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed desorption of H 2 /O 2 (H 2 -/O 2 -TPD), CO chemisorption and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy of CO adsorption (CO-DRIFTS). H 2 O 2 productivity of up to 25431 mol kg Pd −1 h −1 was observed with the optimal bimetallic catalyst 1Pd5Zn, much higher than that over the monometallic catalyst 1Pd (8533 mol kg Pd −1 h −1 ). This increase may be attributed to the geometric change caused by the Zn additive and the electronic interactions between Pd and Zn. The addition of Zn increases the isolated Pd sites (the primary active sites for H 2 O 2 formation), which can promote H 2 O 2 selectivity. PdZn catalysts show a higher Pd dispersion and incremental Pd 0 content than monometallic Pd owing to electronic interactions between Pd and Zn, which result in increased H 2 O 2 productivity. However, a high Pd dispersion and incremental Pd 0 content can increase the H 2 O 2 hydrogenation rate, negatively affecting the H 2 O 2 selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalyst layers (CLs) with spatially ordered structure can improve mass transport of reactants/products, which is essential for the high performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this study, aligned polyaniline (PANI) nanorods grown on gas diffusion layers by in situ polymerization are used as supports for platinum to fabricate ordered CLs. The length and diameter of the PANI nanorods can be controlled by optimizing the reaction temperatures or the aniline concentrations during the in situ polymerization process. With the optimized aligned PANI nanorods as supports of cathode, the mass specific power density of the PEMFC reaches 2.5 kW g Pt −1 , which is 21% higher than that of the conventional PEMFC without PANI. This improvement can be attributed to the reduced oxygen transport resistance revealed by oxygen gain and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alkaline stability of 1,2-dimethylimidazolium with various N3-substituents (including butyl, benzyl and vinylbenzyl) and corresponding quaternary ammonium small molecular compounds, and the 1,2-dimethylimidazolium- and quaternary ammonium-based membranes are systemically studied in the same condition. The spectroscopy (such as NMR, FT-IR, XPS and mass spectrum) results of the two kinds of small molecular compounds indicate that the quaternary ammonium cations are more stable than 1,2-dimethylimidazolium cations in 3 M KOH at elevated temperature, especially at 80 °C. Moreover, the alkaline stability of the 1,2-dimethylimidazolium cations would be influenced by the N3-substitutions of the imidazolium, and N3-butyl substituted cation shows a better alkaline stability. The quaternary ammonium-based membrane are also more stable than the 1,2-dimethylimidazolium-based membrane in 1 M KOH at 60 °C. In addition, the performance of the alkaline direct methanol fuel cell using quaternary ammonium-based membrane (22 mW cm −2 ) is much better than that of the fuel cell using 1,2-dimethylimidazolium-based membrane (0.04 mW cm −2 ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross-linked and alkali stable alkaline anion exchange membranes (AAEMs) based on 1,2-dimethylimidazolium (proved to be much more stable than C2-unsubstituted imidazolium cation) were prepared by a hot-pressing method. The properties of these membranes, e.g., water uptake, swelling degree, ion-exchange capacity, conductivity and thermal and chemical stability, were characterized systematically. The swelling degree of the membranes decreases with the decrease of the amount of 1,2-dimethylimidazolium salt, up to 5.8%. The membranes are thermally stable below 200 °C. Alkaline direct methanol fuel cell (ADMFC) fabricated by using CoO x /C as the cathode catalyst and PtRu/C as the anode catalyst presents a promising performance with the peak power density of 12.7 mW cm −2 at a current density of 45 mA cm −2 , indicating that the 1,2-dimethylimidazolium-functionalized AAEMs are promising for the application in ADMFCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cooperative project between Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Energy Resources and Chemical Engineering and the Carbon Management Institute of University of Wyoming is being carried on in the Ordos Basin, aiming to integrate CO 2 storage with CO 2 -EOR. This paper reports on the characterization of the targeted reservoir where CO 2 is to be injected. Characterization of the reservoir provides the basis for a geologic model to support the CO 2 injection simulation, and to develop injection strategies. Petrophysical well-logs were integrated with detailed core descriptions, thin sections and core analysis data into provide insight to the reservoir characteristics, pore structure features, and depositional environments. The upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, composed of clastic rocks is the main reservoir in the study and is located at field A in the Shaanbei slope of the Ordos basin. Although the field has been developed since 2003, water flooding development at present is constrained by low permeability, low porosity, high heterogeneity, high capillary pressure and high content of cementing material. The sandstone of the Yanchang Formation is essentially a delta front subfacies depositional system and has two main microfacies. One is sub-aqueous distributary channel, with an average porosity of 10.31% and permeability of 0.35×10-3 μm2; the other is interdistributary bay. Integration of petrophysical well-logs, detailed core descriptions, thin sections and core analysis data provide insight into the facies interpretation, and provide the basis for the later reservoir modelling and injection simulation. The next step will be to build a 3D geologic model and then choose the most suitable sand body to perform on injection simulation. Although many CO 2 -EOR projects have been proven effective and bring satisfactory financial return, for the low permeability reservoir in the Ordos basin, there are still critical technical concerns about CO 2 EOR projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of electrochemical boundaries involving pathways for oxygen, proton and electron within catalyst layers dominates the fuel cell performance especially at ultralow precious metal loadings. However, the intrinsic relationships between electrochemical processes and nano-/subnano-structures of the interfaces containing perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers (e.g. Nafion) and platinum decorated carbon catalysts have remained in a vague picture. Here in this work, precise details of Nafion/Pt interfacial structures in multiscale are investigated with their coverage architecture in varied ionomer/carbon ratios. The electrochemical processes involving proton migration and oxygen transport within such Nafion/Pt interfacial structures are revealed by in-situ analyses. A periodic evolution of the interfacial properties towards proton/oxygen transport is demonstrated within the increase of the covered Nafion layers. Such phenomena could be derived from the alternately exposure of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic phases of the sandwich structure of Nafion ionomer. Nafion/Pt interfacial structures and properties are researched and oxygen/proton transport resistance shows a periodic change for the alternative exposure of Nafion/Pt interfacial structures. Image 1 • Interfacial structure of Nafion/Pt is adjusted via varied ionomer/carbon ratios. • Proton conductivity in CL is affected by ionomer coverage and layer thickness. • Oxygen interfacial transport resistance is affected by Nafion/Pt structures. • Periodic evolution of ionomer layers is proofed via ionomer alternately exposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the substitute power sources with low environmental impact and high energy density, direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) show great potentials in applications of portable devices, automobiles, and stationary power plants for the easy handling of liquid fuel. Challenges hindering the further commercialization of DMFCs rely on different fundamental and engineering aspects, including sluggish methanol electrochemical oxidation, methanol crossover, cathode flooding, and massive noble metal use. Herein this review, strategies addressing these issues reported in recent years are focused on the discussion of their advantages in material and structural designs, with emphasis on catalysts, membrane, electrode architecture, and flow field in multiscale consideration. By reviewing the intensively studied materials and structures for DMFC application, a holistic picture of the key component design is sketched. The future development and perspective of DMFCs in the material aspect is also discussed. Image 1 • The principles and design strategies in multiscale for direct methanol fuel cells are summarized. • The recent advances in electrode materials with alternative nanostructures are reviewed. • Perspectives for the future development of direct methanol fuel cells are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rectal indomethacin and spraying of the duodenal papilla with epinephrine might reduce the incidence of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). We performed a randomized trial to compare the effects of the combination of indomethacin and epinephrine (IE) vs indomethacin plus saline (IS) in prophylaxis of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). We performed a double-blind trial at 10 centers in China, from February 2017 to October 2017, of 1158 patients with native papilla undergoing ERCP. The patients were assigned randomly to groups given IE (n = 576) or IS (n = 582). All patients received a single dose of rectal indomethacin within 30 minutes before ERCP; 20 mL of dilute epinephrine (IE group) or saline (IS group) then was sprayed on the duodenal papilla at the end of ERCP. The primary outcome was the incidence of overall PEP. Data were analyzed on an intention-to-treat principle. The study was terminated at the interim analysis for safety concerns and futility. The groups had similar baseline characteristics. PEP developed in 49 patients in the IE group (8.5%) and in 31 patients in the IS group (5.3%) (relative risk, 1.60, 95% CI, 1.03–2.47; P =.033). There were no significant differences between groups in proportions of patients with postsphincterotomy bleeding (2.1% in the IE group and 1.5% in the IS group) and biliary infection (1.2% in the IE group and 2.2% in the IS group). In a randomized trial, we found the combination of rectal indomethacin with papillary epinephrine spraying increased the risk of PEP compared with indomethacin alone. Spray epinephrine should not be used with rectal indomethacin for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis. ClincialTrials.gov no: NCT03057769. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high performance polymer electrolyte thermogalvanic cell, which converts thermal energy to electrical energy directly, is transformed from a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The transform is realized by connecting the anode and cathode chamber with a gas tube and filling hydrogen to both chambers. Provided a heat flux through the cell, hydrogen is consumed in the cold side and regenerated in the hot side while circulating in two chambers during operation. The Seebeck coefficient is 0.531 mV K −1 at a cold side temperature of 60.0 °C and the maximum power density could reach up to 20 μW cm −2 with a temperature difference of 15.3 °C between two electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We designed this study to investigate the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine on epileptic seizures, as well as its adverse effects, in children with epilepsy (<18 years). This anonymous questionnaire study involved a multicenter prospective survey of outpatients and inpatients with epilepsy (＜18 years) registered in epilepsy clinics in eight hospitals in six cities of Shandong Province. A total of 224 children with epilepsy were included in the study. Fifty of them experienced general adverse events after vaccination. The most common local adverse events were pain or tenderness at the injection site. The most common systemic adverse effects were muscle soreness and headache. No severe adverse events were reported. There were no significant differences in the number of antiseizure medications (P = 0.459), gender (P = 0.336), etiology (P = 0.449), age (P = 0.499), duration of disease (P = 0.546), or seizure type (P = 0.475) between the patients with and without general adverse events. We found that the risk of seizure after vaccination was decreased in children who were seizure free for more than six months before vaccination. There was no significant difference in the number of seizures during the first month before vaccination, the first month after the first dose, and the first month after the second dose (P = 0.091). The benefits of vaccination against COVID-19 outweighed the risks of seizures/relapses and severe adverse events after vaccination for children with epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researching of high performance and low-cost oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is one of the core issues for the rapid development of energy conversion and storage devices. Herein, a N and S dual-doped three-dimensional (3D) interconnected mesoporous carbon catalyst (CNS) was constructed via a facile hydrothermal-pyrolysis strategy. Benefiting from the 3D interconnected mesoporous architecture, CNS was endowed with a fast oxygen mass transfer rate together with plentiful of accessible active centers on the surface. Its ORR half-wave potential (E 1/2 ， 0.87 V) surpasses commercial Pt/C catalyst 50 mV in alkaline media. Its E 1/2 negatively shifts only 2 mV after 8000 cycles in half-cell tests. More importantly, the zinc-air battery with CNS as cathode catalyst delivers an excellent high peak power density of 144 mW cm−2. DFT calculation results show that when N and S are co-doped, the spin density of adjacent carbon atoms can be changed, thereby increasing the CNS's binding energy to oxygen and conductivity. The excellent comprehensive performance of CNS undoubtedly discloses its potential practical application in the energy conversation and storage area. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Menopause syndrome generally includes psychological problems. Group treatment delivered via the Internet and mobile phone (imGT) may improve women's physiological and psychological conditions.Objective: To investigate the efficacy of group cognitive behavioural therapy of menopause-related mood swings and quality of life, delivered face to face or via the Internet and mobile phone.Methods: This protocol is for a randomized controlled clinical trial with a sample of 140 menopausal women divided into 2 groups: imGT and face-to-face group treatment (ffGT). The primary outcome will be the improvement in the menopausal symptoms of the two groups, as assessed by the Greene Climacteric Scale. The secondary outcomes will be: quality of life, assessed by the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire; insomnia, assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory; anxiety, assessed by the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; and therapeutic alliance, assessed by the Working Alliance Inventory-Short Revised and Client Sat-is-fac-tion Qes-tion-naire-8. imGT will be performed once a week for 1.5 h for 10 weeks with a daily 'Punched-in' on the WeChat app; ffGT will be performed once a week for 1.5 h for 10 weeks. All outcomes will be assessed at baseline, at a post-intervention evaluation (week 10), and at a follow-up evaluation (week 22).Discussion: This study will be the first clinical trial to examine the effects of imGT on menopausal women in China. If imGT is found to be non-inferior to ffGT, it will facilitate access to menopausal health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction of advanced electrode architecture, and understanding the electrochemical and mass transport phenomena within its structures are core issues that determine the development of fuel cells and other electrochemical energy technologies. Here in this work, we propose a new scaffold-like electrode with controllable porous volume and size via facile freeze-drying process. Deriving from the delicate surface unevenness and the well-defined macro-pores constructed by the ice template, the electrochemical surfaces and mass transport for methanol and oxygen are greatly enhanced by adapting this electrode structure as anode and cathode for direct methanol fuel cells, respectively. Computational fluid dynamics simulation and mathematic model is adopted to elucidate and predict the intrinsic improvement of mass transport within the newly designed electrode structure. Further practical application of such design is validated in a 10-cell short stack of direct methanol fuel cell systems equipped with this novel electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a high-specific-energy magnesium/water battery (Mg/H 2 O battery) combining Mg oxidation with hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is developed for full-depth ocean application. With the optimized platinum loading associated with moderate Ni(OH) 2 on nickel foam, the performance can be increased obviously. Coupled with AZ91 Mg alloy anode, the specific energy of Mg/H 2 O battery reaches a dramatic value of 1003 W h kg −1 . Moreover, ultrahigh pressure of 1100 bar in the deep-sea simulated condition brings negligible effects on the performance of battery and electrodes. The influence of low temperature can be reduced to an acceptable level under the application at low discharge current density. Stable discharge of the battery for 100 days is also obtained. This work provides a new idea to supply power source with high specific energy, excellent environment adaptability, good safety and low cost for underwater application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microstructure of carbon materials in terms of its specific surface area and pore structure by its activation, are the key issues which determine the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. In this work, we developed a particular chemical activation process assisted by nitrogen/sulfur co-doping for the preparation of hierarchical porous carbon materials with high specific surface area, aiming at improving the energy density of supercapacitors. The as-obtained hierarchical porous carbon materials exhibited both high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of up to 3652 m 2 g −1 for more ions adsorption and high porosity (2.61 cm 3 g −1 ) for rapid ion transport. Attributed to the synergistic effects of these two features, the porous carbon displays high gravimetric specific capacitance (324 F g −1 ) in KOH aqueous electrolyte with outstanding rate performance (73.3% capacitance retention at 100 A g −1 ). The symmetrical supercapacitor based on our hierarchical porous carbon displays a maximum specific energy of 9.76 Wh kg −1 and 94.5% retention over 10000 cycles at 15 A g −1 . This synthesis strategy is facile, low-cost and industrialized, which provide a promising route to prepare the hierarchical porous carbon materials for energy storage and renewable delivery devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a lethal clinical entity that has become an emergency event with the outbreak of COVID-19. However, to date, there are no well-proven pharmacotherapies except dexamethasone. This study is aimed to evaluate IRAK4 inhibitors as a potential treatment for ARDS-cytokine release syndrome (CRS). We applied two IRAK4 inhibitors, BAY-1834845 and PF-06650833 to an inhaled lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS mouse model with control of high dose dexamethasone (10 mg/kg). Unexpectedly, although both compounds had excellent IC 50 on IRAK4 kinase activity, only BAY-1834845 but not PF-06650833 or high dose dexamethasone could significantly prevent lung injury according to a blinded pathology scoring. Further, only BAY-1834845 and BAY-1834845 combined with dexamethasone could effectively improve the injury score of pre-existed ARDS. Compared with PF-06650833 and high dose dexamethasone, BAY-1834845 remarkably decreased inflammatory cells infiltrating lung tissue and neutrophil count in BALF. BAY-1834845, DEX, and the combination of the two agents could decrease BALF total T cells, monocyte, and macrophages. In further cell type enrichment analysis based on lung tissue RNA-seq, both BAY-1834845 and dexamethasone decreased signatures of inflammatory cells and effector lymphocytes. Interestingly, unlike the dexamethasone group, BAY-1834845 largely preserved the signatures of naïve lymphocytes and stromal cells such as endothelial cells, chondrocytes, and smooth muscle cells. Differential gene enrichment suggested that BAY-1834845 downregulated genes more efficiently than dexamethasone, especially TNF, IL-17, interferon, and Toll-like receptor signaling. • IRAK4 inhibition is a potentially feasible treatment for ARDS. • BAY-1834845 shows unexpectedly discrepant efficacy in vivo with PF-06650833. • BAY-1834845 inhibits natural immunity signaling stronger than dexamethasone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]