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Patients with chronic medically complex disorders like inflammatory bowel diseases (BD) often have mental health and psychosocial comorbid conditions. There is growing recognition that factors other than disease pathophysiology impact patients' health and wellbeing. Provision of care that encompasses medical care plus psychosocial, environmental and behavioral interventions to improve health has been termed “whole person care” and may result in achieving highest health value. There now are multiple methods to survey patients and stratify their psychosocial, mental health and environmental risk. Such survey methods are applicable to all types of IBD programs including those at academic medical centers, independent health systems and those based within independent community practice. Once a practice determines that a patient has psychosocial needs, a variety of resources are available for referral or co-management as outlined in this paper. Included in this white paper are examples of psychosocial care that is integrated into IBD practices plus innovative methods that provide remote patient management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on virtual reality education intervention prior to chest radiology for children reduces child distress related to the procedure and improves parent satisfaction.

As hypothesized in the Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model, metacognitive beliefs are associated with anxiety and depression in adults. An important question is the extent to which such effects are present in children and adolescents, with the implication that the model may also apply to young people. The aim of this meta-analysis was to synthesize results on the nature and magnitude of associations between metacognitive beliefs and anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Systematic searches were conducted to identify studies that investigated: (1) group differences in metacognitive beliefs in clinical compared to non-clinical samples or (2) correlations between metacognitive beliefs and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Forty papers were identified comprising a total sample of 9,887 participants aged 7–18 years. Meta-analyses revealed that clinical samples endorsed significantly elevated metacognitive beliefs on four out of the five domains measured (i.e., negative beliefs about worry, cognitive confidence, need for control, and cognitive self-consciousness, with the only exception being positive beliefs about worry) compared to non-clinical samples with a small to large effect (Hedges' g s = 0.45–1.22). Moreover, all five domains of metacognitive beliefs were significantly and positively correlated with symptoms of anxiety and depression of a small to large effect (r s =.24–.53). Negative beliefs about worry showed the strongest relationship with clinical status and the magnitude of symptoms. The number of studies did not allow for an evaluation of metacognitive beliefs at a disorder-specific level. In line with the S-REF model, our findings provide evidence of robust cross-sectional relationships between metacognitions and both anxiety and depression in childhood and adolescence. • Metacognitive beliefs are positively associated with anxiety and depression in adults. • A meta-analysis evaluating such relationships in young people is needed. • Forty papers were included with a total of 9,887 participants aged 7-18 years. • Clinical groups endorsed elevated metacognitions compared to non-clinical groups. • Metacognitive beliefs positively correlated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of context, which explores relations between societal conditions and science, has a long and contentious tradition in the history, philosophy, and sociology of science. While the problem has received little explicit attention in recent years, two contemporary positions remain evident. First is the resources model , which seeks to maintain the autonomy of scientists by denying contextual influence, restricting the role of contexts to providing a pool of 'novel inputs'. Second is the contextual shaping position which recognizes that societal conditions influence science but remains conceptually vague and theoretically undeveloped. This paper argues, given current disciplinary conditions, the problem of context deserves renewed attention. In this paper I first review the history of the debate from the 1930s, highlighting several anxieties that continue to hamper the open study of the problem. After this historical review, I provide a critique of the resources model and assess the possibilities and shortfalls of the contextual shaping position. By addressing past and present perspectives, my goal is to move firmly beyond narrow accounts of context, as exemplified by the resources model. Instead, I propose a renewed program of research in which rich empirical studies are combined with equally rich theoretical work directed toward developing conceptual tools better able to capture the multiple intricacies evident in context-science relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endogenous opioid neuropeptide Beta-endorphin is produced in the pituitary gland and stored in vesicles, it is an analgesic and relieves pain. The natural compound morphine is widely used as a painkiller and is much more potent than any other first-line and second-line pain management however it is only used in emergencies because it results in addiction, thus sometimes results in drug tolerance. Therefore, a healthy lifestyle and healthy practices like exercises, laughter, and meditation can elevate beta-endorphin release and help in pain management, improving mental and heart health. Natural compounds like curcumin, capsaicin can boost beta-endorphin synthesis in peripheral sites and overcome stress and improve mental health. This paper reflects on the role of exercise in pain management and how regular laughter can enlighten the mood and help the individual overcome depression, anxiety, and stress. This paper also reflects light on the natural substances that can boost beta-endorphin in the body as well as the compounds that prevent the beta-endorphin release, how body fluids can be used to detect the presence of beta-endorphin level, and methods to detect it. The available standard laboratory methods are not very specific for beta-endorphin. The future approach of biosensors for beta-endorphin can improve the sensitivity and selectivity for beta-endorphin. • Role of physical activities in boosting Beta-endorphin. • Natural compounds that can boost Beta-endorphin. • Relation between exercise, laughter with heart health. • Standard laboratory techniques for beta-endorphin detection. • Future advancement for beta-endorphin detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A non-parametric analysis of the data from prior published paper. • Multispecies probiotics can increase negative affect. • Multispecies probiotics with high CFU may increase panic anxiety. • Ceiling effect observed: increase anxiety in high distress group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine profiles of distress of mothers of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and relate profiles to maternal and child outcomes at child age 5 years. A racially and economically diverse sample of mothers (n = 94; 39% African American, 52% White) of preterm infants (≤30 weeks of gestation) completed validated questionnaires assessing depression, anxiety (state and trait), NICU stress, and life stress at NICU discharge of their infant. Mothers reported on their own and their children's symptomatology at child age 5. A latent profile analysis was conducted to categorize maternal symptomatology. Latent profile analysis yielded 4 distinct maternal profiles: low symptomatology, high NICU stress, high depression and anxiety, and high state anxiety. Social determinants of health factors including age, education, neighborhood deprivation, and infant clinical risk distinguished the profiles. Mothers in the high depression and anxiety profile reported more anxiety and life stress at follow-up and reported their children experienced more anxious/depressed symptoms. Existing literature has gaps related to examining multiple dimensions of NICU distress and understanding how patterns of mood/affective symptoms, life stressors, and related social determinants of health factors vary across mothers. In this study, one specific profile of maternal NICU distress demonstrated enduring risks for poorer maternal and child mental health outcomes. This new knowledge underscores sources of disparate health outcomes for mothers of preterm infants and the infants themselves. Universal screening is needed to identify at-risk dyads for poor health outcomes in need of individualized interventions that address both maternal and child well-being. We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The high incidence of depression in cancer patients and its impact on their quality of life. • Summarizes the potential mechanisms of comorbidity between cancer and depression. • Provides discussion and analysis of potential treatments for depression. Cancer and depression are closely interrelated, particularly in patients with advanced cancer, who often present with comorbid anxiety and depression for various reasons. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the study of depression in cancer patients, with the aim of assessing the possible triggers, predictors, adverse events, and possible treatment options for depression in several common cancers. The objective of this narrative review is to synthesize the extant literature on the relationship between the occurrence and progression of depression in several common patient categories. The authors conducted a comprehensive review of 75 articles published in PubMed over the past five years. This review was further evaluated in the present paper. Ultimately, it was determined that depression is a prevalent and detrimental phenomenon among cancer patients, particularly those with advanced disease. Consequently, there is a pressing need to prioritize research and interventions aimed at improving the quality of life and psychosocial well-being of cancer patients, including those with advanced disease. The relationship between cancer and depression has been evolving dynamically in recent times. The current research findings indicate a strong association between cancer and depression. However, the direction of causality remains unclear. Focusing on depression in cancer patients may, therefore, be beneficial for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Administration mode of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) may influence responses. We assessed if Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Depression subscale (HADS-D) item responses and scores were associated with administration mode. We compared (1) self-administration versus interview-administration; within self-administration (2) research or medical setting versus private; and (3) pen-and-paper versus electronic; and within interview-administration (4) in-person versus phone. We analysed individual participant data meta-analysis datasets with item-level data for the PHQ-9 (N = 34,529), EPDS (N = 16,813), and HADS-D (N = 16,768). We used multiple indicator multiple cause models to assess differential item functioning (DIF) by administration mode. We found statistically significant DIF for most items on all measures due to large samples, but influence on total scores was negligible. In 10 comparisons conducted across the PHQ-9, EPDS, and HADS-D, Pearson's correlations and intraclass correlation coefficients between latent depression symptom scores from models that did or did not account for DIF were between 0.995 and 1.000. Total PHQ-9, EPDS, and HADS-D scores did not differ materially across administration modes. Researcher and clinicians who evaluate depression symptoms with these questionnaires can select administration methods based on patient preferences, feasibility, or cost. • Administration mode may affect patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) responses. • No systematic reviews have evaluated this in mental health symptom PROMs. • We analysed PHQ-9 (N = 34,529), EDPS (N = 16,813), and HADS-D (N = 16,768) PROMs. • Total scores did not differ materially by administration mode. • Administration mode can be selected by patient preference, feasibility, or cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several harmful substances can get into the human body easily through different ways, including foods, drinking water, air, and so on. Moreover, there are a variety of food additives that are added to foods to extend their shelf-life, enhance flavor, or make them more attractive. However, it has also been reported that some contaminants and food additives could induce mental disorders. On the other hand, some dietary components show preventive and therapeutic effects on mental disorders caused by contaminants and food additives. This narrative review collects high-quality literature from the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed databases that has been published in the past five years. In this paper, the effects of contaminants and food additives on mental health are summarized. Moreover, several dietary components are discussed about their preventive and therapeutic effects against these mental disorders. Some contaminants, including heavy metals, organic pollutants, antibiotics, pesticides, etc., as well as food additives, were reported to cause the occurrence of anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Several foods and dietary bioactive compounds, such as probiotics, fruits, vegetables, and spices, were found to exert protective effects against these mental disorders. This paper can be helpful to understand the safety of contaminants and food additives from another point of view by focusing on their influences on mental health. It can also shed light on the development of dietary natural products into functional foods to prevent and manage these mental disorders. • Some contaminants could cause the occurrence of mental disorders. • Several food additives could cause the occurrence of mental disorders. • Some dietary components could exert protective effect against mental disorders. • Dietary components could be developed into functional foods against mental disorders. • This paper is helpful for people to choose foods against mental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress, a pervasive issue in today's world, significantly impacts mental and physical health. With approximately 20% of adults experiencing mental health disorders each year, and depression affecting over 260 million people globally, effective stress manage- ment is crucial. Chronic stress is also associated with physical ailments, including cardiovascular diseases, the leading global cause of death. In parallel, the wearable device market has witnessed substantial growth, with over 300 million units sold worldwide in 2021. These devices offer a unique opportunity to collect physiological and behavioral data, making them invaluable for stress detection and prediction. Combining artificial intelligence (AI) and wearables, this paper explores their accuracy in capturing vital data and the potential to revolutionize stress management, ultimately improving mental and physical well-being. In this paper, the ensemble-based classifier known as the Histogram-based Gradient Boosting Classifier detected stress from heart rates with an accuracy of 73%. This establishes the independent nature of Heart Rates for stress prediction, emphasizing that there is no need for sophisticated ECG and HRV readings. This opens up the possibility of using sensors as used in wearable devices to effectively detect stress in our day-to-day lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study systematically identified the effects of physical activity (PA) on depression, anxiety and weight-related outcomes among children and adolescents with overweight/obesity. EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched from January 1, 2000 to August 1, 2022 for peer-reviewed papers. Meta-analyses were conducted to ascertain the effect of physical activity on symptoms of anxiety, depression and weight-related outcomes in overweight/obese children and adolescents. Twenty-five studies representing 2188 participants, with median age 12.08 years old (8.3 to 18.44 years) were included. Depressive and anxiety symptoms, BMI, BMI z-scores, weight, waist circumference and height were evaluated. After incorporating the effects of PA interventions on children and adolescents with overweight/obesity, PA could improve depressive and anxiety symptoms, but not obesity indexes except waist circumference. While, PA combined with other interventions have a significant effect both on anxiety symptoms and BMI compared to pure PA intervention. In terms of intervention duration, we observed that durations falling within the range of 8 to 24 weeks exhibited the most positive effects on reducing depressive symptoms. We included 25 articles on the effects of physical activity on psychological states such as depression and anxiety, weight, BMI and other weight-related indicators in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity. We attempted to determine the most appropriate type of physical activity intervention for children and adolescents with overweight/obesity, as well as the most appropriate population characteristics and duration by combining the outcome data from each article. This has a great enlightening effect for health workers to carry out corresponding strategies in the future. • Physical activity is important for overweight/obese children and adolescents. • Physical activity was strongly associated with improvement in psychological symptoms. • We need more holistic, integrated forms of physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Prenatal testing induces elevated anxiety levels among high-risk pregnant women. • The utilization of virtual reality and music during non-stress tests alleviates anxiety and enhances satisfaction among high-risk pregnant women undergoing the procedure. • Virtual reality intervention resulted in a reduction in the duration of reactive non-stress tests. Prenatal tests cause high-risk pregnant women to experience high anxiety levels. This paper investigated the effect of Virtual Reality (VR) and music on anxiety, non-stress test parameters, and satisfaction of high-risk pregnant women undergoing non-stress tests (NSTs). This was a randomized controlled trial. The sample consisted of 102 participants randomized into three groups (VR = 34, music = 34, and control = 34). Maternal anxiety was assessed using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-S (STAI-S) before and after NSTs. Satisfaction was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) after NSTs. NST parameters were evaluated after NSTs. The findings were reported based on the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). The VR and music groups had significantly lower mean posttest STAI-S scores than the control group (p <.05). There was no significant difference in NST findings (reactive/nonreactive) between the groups (p >.05). The VR group had a significantly shorter reactive NST duration than the control group (p <.05). The VR and music groups had significantly higher mean VAS-satisfaction scores than the control group (p <.05) Virtual reality and music during NSTs help high-risk pregnant women experience less anxiety and satisfy them more with the procedure. We recommend that obstetric midwives and nurses use these low-cost, simple, and noninvasive methods to reduce anxiety in high-risk pregnant women during prenatal testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parental anxiety has been associated with increased risk of emotional and behavioural problems for offspring, yet the differing impact of each parent is unclear. As emotional disorders continue to present a significant challenge to the health system and with the role of mothers and fathers changing over the past two decades, we sought to systematically review the available literature for an association between parental anxiety and offspring suboptimal outcomes. A systematic review was conducted using the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase; PsycINFO and Google Scholar. Reference lists of the included papers were also searched. Data was analysed and grouped based on offspring age. Eighteen studies were included in this review. Results suggest that both parents' mental health can impact negatively on the functioning of offspring, during infancy, childhood, and adolescence. This association is weak in infancy, with equivocal results, however the association in childhood appears robust for both mothers and fathers. In adolescence, the findings suggest that maternal anxiety may be more influential than paternal anxiety. As the methodology of the included studies was heterogenous, and the timing of assessment varied across the papers, drawing concrete conclusions from the existing research is somewhat impaired. Both mothers' and fathers' anxiety have the propensity to negatively impact on their child's development. Implementing preventative interventions, which include both parents, as well as systemic interventions, which include the whole family, are essential in stemming the intergenerational transmission of mental health problems within families. • Parental anxiety is associated with increased risk of negative offspring outcomes. • This association exists when anxiety is present in either mothers or fathers. • Strongest association in childhood but evidence exists in infancy and adolescence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 1 diabetes is associated with increased prevalence of individual categories of mental disorders. We aimed to systematically synthesise the prevalence of all the different categories of mental disorders to estimate the overall burden of psychiatric morbidity in the type 1 diabetes population. The electronic database of OVID was searched, and retrieved papers were screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers. Data were extracted using a standardised data extraction form and the quality of included papers was assessed. Where possible, comparisons with control groups without type 1 diabetes were made. Prevalence data were synthesised into Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version 5 categories, a narrative data-synthesis, and a subsequent meta-analysis where possible was conducted for mental disorder categories. Thirty-eight articles were included. Depressive, anxiety, and feeding and eating disorders were the most examined mental disorders. Studies utilising diagnostic interviews reported higher prevalence of mental disorders than in studies utilising clinical registers, with an up to 24-fold difference respectively. In studies with a control group, the prevalence for nearly every mental disorder were increased for the type 1 diabetes samples. There appears to be a high prevalence of mental disorders and associated need among people with type 1 diabetes, although the quality of research needs to improve. This protocol was submitted for registration with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42020221530). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper uses data from the Australian Journeys Home survey, a sample of disadvantaged Australians. • It studies the relationship between early mental health episodes and early homelessness, focusing on depression and anxiety. • We find that a person's first episode of depression makes a transition to homelessness more likely for both men and women. • Men's first experience of homelessness increases the likelihood of anxiety disorders. • - Anxiety disorders have no effect on homelessness and homelessness has no effect on the likelihood of developing depression. This paper studies the relationship between early mental health episodes and early homelessness, focusing on depression and anxiety amongst disadvantaged Australians. Using data from the Australian Journeys Home survey, we investigate whether the early onset of mental health conditions make a first transition into homelessness more likely. Similarly, we analyze whether early experiences of homelessness increase the likelihood of early onset of depression or anxiety. We perform our analysis separately for men and women since there are gender differences in rates of both mental health diagnosis and homelessness. After accounting for the effects of joint observed and unobserved determinants, we find that a person's first episode of depression makes a transition to homelessness more likely for both men and women. In contrast, anxiety disorders have no effect on the likelihood of experiencing homelessness. In addition, people's first experience of homelessness has no effect on the likelihood of developing depression, but does increase the likelihood of anxiety disorders for men only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autistic people are more likely to experience anxiety than their non-autistic peers. Understanding mechanisms underpinning anxiety in autism is a vital aspect of developing effective interventions. Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and restrictive/repetitive behaviours (RRBs) are proposed to contribute to anxiety for autistic people. This paper includes the first meta-analysis to investigate the associations between all three of these variables. A systematic search identified 33 papers that measured anxiety, IU and RRBs in 8347 autistic participants. Evidence was found for positive correlations between all three variables. Analysis of average participant age demonstrated that the relationship between anxiety and IU was stronger in younger participants. No significant differences were found between the associations in studies that included participants with intellectual disabilities and those that did not. A quality assessment framework identified methodological threats to validity. Most studies had good methods of recruitment; however, many anxiety and IU measurement tools were unvalidated in autistic populations. Results suggest that IU and RRBs should be considered when designing anxiety interventions for autistic people, however, the role of RRBs in particular needs to be investigated further to prevent interventions from taking away important coping strategies due to misunderstanding of causal relationships. • Intolerance of uncertainty is related to anxiety in autistic people. • Restricted/repetitive behaviours (RRBs) are related to anxiety in autistic people. • Intolerance of uncertainty is related to RRBs in autistic people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The improved EEMD proposed in this paper effectively solves the problem of EMD pattern aliasing. • This paper proposes a BFN binarization method based on the relationship between network density and average node degree, ensuring the comparability of BFN between groups. • From the perspective of BFN, we explore the abnormal topology alters of brain, and effectively solve the problem of anxiety recognition. Most anxiety studies are based on the features of isolated electroencephalography (EEG) electrode, ignoring that the essence of EEG is the signals overlap from different neurons. Therefore, it's difficult to find abnormal topological alters of the brain from independent neuron. To this end, this paper proposes an anxitey analysis and detection framework of brain function network (BFN) based on improved Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). Additional adaptive white noise is adopted to solve the pattern aliasing problem, and several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) for simulating independent neuron signals are obtained. Binary BFN is constructed on different IMF based on phase lag index (PLI) and proportional threshold strategy. Then complex network method is used to analyze the topology alters and attributes of BFN, and explore the potential biomarkers of anxiety detection. In addition, to evaluate the effectiveness of these potential biomarkers for anxiety detection, support vector machine (SVM) classifier is used as an evaluation tool and highest detection accuracy of 92.38% was obtained. Meanwhile, the analysis results show that the adaptive amplitude white noise can affect all extreme points, and improved EEMD can more effectively decompose EEG signals. Functional synchrony altered significantly in the frontal, temporal and central region of the left brain. Our research findings also show that the BFN of anxiety patients shows a tendency of randomization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Undergoing a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan continues to be a source of anxiety and concern for many patients. Various interventions have been developed and are used in regular clinical practice to support patients through the procedure. A novel approach which is gaining traction is that of virtual reality (VR) as a tool to support patient experience in MRI. This scoping review considers how it is currently being used and developed and discusses how effective it may be. The eight papers found show a range of approaches being used; as a preparatory tool, exposure therapy or distraction technique. All of which show general positive influence on patient anxiety, compliance, and acceptability. The more recent, but limited number of papers, show this to be a developing field. The potential for the use of VR lies in its ability to closely replicate the real world as a preparatory and exposure technique for those likely to experience concerns over the MRI procedure itself. The reality of the virtual environment also provides opportunity to spend time coaching patients in advance without the need to take up actual scanner time, thereby providing a safe space in which preparation and support can be given. It is argued that a better understanding of the theoretical basis on which VR may be working would further help development and implementation in clinical practice. This could then support a truly patient-centred approach to management of claustrophobia and associated anxieties related to MRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper was to understand associations between low sleep duration (< 8 hours) and positive mental health screens among adolescents (ages 13-18) seen for preventive visits in primary care. METHODS: Data were from two randomized controlled trials testing the efficacy of an electronic health risk behavior screening and feedback tool for adolescent preventive visits. Participants (n = 601) completed screeners at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months which included sleep duration in hours and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 screeners for depression and anxiety, respectively. Main analyses included adjusted logistic regressions testing associations between low sleep duration and positive mental health screens. RESULTS: Adjusted models showed that low sleep duration was associated with significantly greater odds of a positive depression screen (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.06-2.37) but not with a positive anxiety screen or co-occurring positive depression and anxiety screens. However, follow-up analyses indicated an interaction between sleep duration and anxiety in the association with a positive depression screen, such that the association between low sleep and a positive depression screen was driven by those who did not screen positive for anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: As pediatric primary care guidelines for sleep continue to evolve, further research, training, and support for sleep screening are warranted to ensure effective early intervention for sleep and mental health problems during adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hysterosalpingography is a stressful procedure that causes pain and anxiety. Therefore, measures must be taken to reduce or eliminate the pain and anxiety associated with it. This paper investigated the effect of virtual reality (VR) during hysterosalpingography on pain, anxiety, fear, physiological parameters, and satisfaction. A randomized controlled trial design was used. Patients were randomized into two groups (VR group = 31, control group = 31). The study was conducted between April 26 and June 30, 2022. Anxiety was evaluated using the State Anxiety Inventory. Pain, fear, and satisfaction were evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Temperature, pulse, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were followed up. There was a significant difference in the mean VAS scores during and 15 min after hysterosalpingography between the VR and control groups. There was no significant difference in the mean SAI scores between the groups. The VR group participants were significantly more satisfied with hysterosalpingography than the control group. There was no significant difference in physiological parameters just before, immediately after, and 15 min after hysterosalpingography between the groups. Virtual reality helps patients experience less pain and fear and makes them more satisfied with hysterosalpingography. However, it does not affect their anxiety and vital signs. Patients are highly satisfied with VR technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

About a quarter of the adults living in England have been diagnosed with a mental health condition (for example, anxiety and depression). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the difficulties faced by these people when they travel, and ways in which policy interventions could be used to encourage them to travel more. The main evidence in the paper comes from a weighted sample of 363 people with mental health conditions who completed an on-line survey. The paper concentrates on anxiety issues. The anxieties are considered under five headings: interacting with fellow travellers, interacting with staff and purchasing tickets, wayfinding, needing support, and needing to take urgent action. Policy interventions to improve access to infrastructure and services to help address the anxieties are discussed under these headings. The number of respondents who say that they would travel more if some of the interventions were introduced is then considered. The paper concludes that there are ways in which some of the anxieties that people have when travelling can be addressed and that introducing these types of intervention would increase travel by people with mental health conditions. • Psychological barriers to travel are revealed in an on-line survey. • 99% of the respondents identified aspects of travel that caused them anxiety. • The largest cause of anxiety was interacting with other people when travelling. • Other causes of anxiety included wayfinding and needing to find public toilets. • Policy interventions would encourage the respondents to travel more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Misophonia is a condition marked by dysregulated emotions and behaviors in response to trigger sounds, often chewing, breathing, or coughing. Evidence suggests that misophonia develops in adolescence and the emotions and behaviors are a conditioned response to distress, resulting in social avoidance, stress, and family conflict. In addition, co-occurrence with other psychiatric illnesses such as anxiety, OCD, and Tourette syndrome is common. A transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapeutic (CBT) approach appears appropriate. There are currently no controlled studies of youth with misophonia. The current paper describes the approach to a pilot randomized, blinded family-based treatment study for youth ages 8-16 years. Preliminary results from a pilot open trial also are described.Methods: A 2-phase dual site telehealth treatment study using a transdiagnostic CBT approach, the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children and Adolescents (UP-C/A; Ehrenreich-May et al., 2018), is proposed. Phase 1 consisted of a 4-case pilot of UP-C/A. Phase 2 includes a randomized trial comparing the UP-C/A to a standard relaxation and education protocol.Results: Preliminary results from the pilot show modest improvements in evaluator-rated misophonia symptoms on the Clinical Global Impression Severity and Improvement scales.Limitations: There is little research to inform evidence-based practice for youth with misophonia. Study limitations include lack of standardized misophonia assessment instruments and an absence of formal diagnostic criteria.Conclusions: The current paper describes proposed methods for the first randomized controlled trial for youth with misophonia and their families along with results from a 4-case pilot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA, www.nesda.nl) is a longitudinal, multi-site, naturalistic, case-control cohort study set up to examine the etiology, course and consequences of depressive and anxiety disorders. This paper presents a cohort profile of NESDA.Methods and Results: The NESDA sample recruited initially 2329 persons with a remitted or current DSM-IV based depressive (major depressive disorder, dysthymia) and/or anxiety disorder (panic disorder, social phobia, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder), 367 of their siblings and 652 healthy controls, yielding a total of 3348 participants. Half-day face-to-face assessments of participants started in 2004 and since then have been repeated six times over a period of 9 years. A 13-year follow-up assessment is ongoing, at what time we also recruit offspring of participants. Retention rates are generally high, ranging from 87.1% (after 2 years) to 69.4% (after 9 years). Psychiatric diagnostic interviews have been administered at all face-to-face assessments, as was monitoring of clinical characteristics, psychosocial functioning and somatic health. Assessed etiological factors include e.g. early and current environmental risk factors, psychological vulnerability and resilience factors as well as (neuro)biology through hypothesis-driven biomarker assessments, genome-wide and large-scale '-omics' assessments, and neuroimaging assessments.Limitations: The naturalistic design allows research into course and consequences of affective disorders but is limited in treatment response interpretation.Conclusions: NESDA provides a strong research infrastructure for research into depressive and/or anxiety disorders. Its data have been used for many scientific papers describing either NESDA-based analyses or joint collaborative consortia-projects, and are in principle available to researchers outside the NESDA consortium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since depression often results in suicidal thoughts and leaves a person severely disabled daily, there is an elevated risk of premature mortality due to mental problems caused by depression. Therefore, it's crucial to identify the patient's mental illness as soon as possible. People are increasingly using social media platforms to express their opinions and share daily activities, which makes online platforms rich sources of early depression detection. The contribution of this paper is multifold. First , it presents five machine-learning models for Arabic and English depression detection using Twitter text. The best model for Arabic text achieved an f1-score of 96.6 % for binary classification to depressed and Non_dep. For English text without negation, the model achieved 92 % for binary classification and 88 % for multi-classification (depressed, indifferent, happy). For English text with negation, an 87 %, and 85 % f1 score was achieved for binary and multi-classification respectively. Second , the work introduced a manually annotated Arabic_Dep_tweets_10,000 corpus of 10.000 Arabic tweets, which covered neutral tweets as well as a variety of depressed and happy terms. In addition, two automatically annotated English corpora, Eng_without_negation_60.000 corpus of 60,172 English tweets and Eng_with_negation_57.000 corpus of 57,392 English tweets. Both covered a wide range of depressed and cheerful terms; however, Negation was included in the Eng_with_negation_57.000 corpus. Finally , this paper exposes a depression-detection web application which implements our optimal models to detect tweets that contain depression symptoms and predict depression trends for a person either using English or Arabic language. • More than two-thirds of suicides each year are caused by depression, which is the most common mental illness. • Social media posts can be a useful tool for tracking a variety of mental health conditions, including depression. • The lack of adequate Arabic corpora makes it difficult to use machine learning techniques in depression detection for the Arabic people. • Existing models for English language use binary classification only and does not handle negation in the text. • Twittpy is a web application developed to detect depression symptoms for persons using their text from Arabic or English tweets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To discuss the effect of non-drug interventions on anxiety and depression in patients with heart failure (HF) through Bayesian network meta-analysis. Relevant literature was searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Medline from database establishment to October 2022 by a computer. Next, a screening was performed on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the effect of non-drug interventions on anxiety and depression in HF patients, followed by a collection of the related data. This meta-analysis was conducted based on Bayesian network, and the statistical analysis was conducted using R4.2 software. A total of 23 papers were enrolled into this study. The results of Bayesian network meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group and the structured video conferencing support (SVCS) group, telephone case management (TCM) could effectively reduce the anxiety and depression of HF patients. The ranking results revealed that TCM may be the most effective intervention to lower the risk of depression in HF patients, followed by Tai Chi Chuan and Chi Kung training (TCC) and structured telephone support (STS). TCM is the most effective intervention to prevent HF patients from anxiety and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic, which is a global health emergency, has potentiality had a serious impact on students' mental health. An online cross-sectional survey design that included 534 senior year college students from South India revealed a significant and direct positive effect of the fear of a third wave of COVID-19 on academic anxiety which in turn showed a significant and direct positive effect on COVID-19 burnout. Academic anxiety was also found to mediate the relationship between the fear of a third wave of COVID-19 and subsequent cases of burnout. The study suggested measures to be taken by policy makers for the broader interest and wellbeing of student communities. Managerial implications, limitations and future studies were also examined in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is rapid growth of older people in Low- and Middle- Income Countries (LMICs). The aim of this review was to assess the literature on prevalence of anxiety and depression in this demographic, which to our knowledge, has not yet been conducted. Databases including Medline, PsychInfo, Embase, Scielo and African Journals Online were searched for terms including "mental disorders", "neurotic disorders", "mood disorders" and "anxiety disorders". Studies published between 1990 and 2020 providing data on older people (≥50 years) in LMICs (defined by World Bank Criteria) were included and quality-assessed. Meta-analysis was conducted on a subset of higher-quality studies to derive pooled prevalence estimates of depression. One hundred and forty relevant studies were identified, of which thirty-two were included in meta-analysis. One hundred and fifteen studies reported depression prevalence only, 19 reported both depression and anxiety, and six reported anxiety only. In all studies identified, depression prevalence ranged from 0.5 % to 62.7 %, and Generalised Anxiety Disorder prevalence ranged from 0.2 % to 32.2 %. The pooled prevalence of depression on meta-analysis was 10.5 % (95 % CI, 8.9 % - 11.2 %). Reported prevalence rates of depression were significantly different in studies using ICD-10 compared with DSM criteria, and between community and clinical settings. The search strategy contained bias towards English language papers and high income country (HIC) publications. There is significant heterogeneity within the meta-analysis. A wide range of methodologies and clinical criteria are used in prevalence studies of depression and anxiety in older people. Studies using screening tools found higher prevalence rates; clinicians and researchers should ensure diagnosis is made with gold-standard clinical criteria. Meta-analysis data suggest that rates of depression are similar in older people in LMICs compared to HICs but mental healthcare resources are limited, suggesting a large potential treatment gap. • First review on prevalence of depression and anxiety in older adults in LMICs covering multiple continents. • 142 studies identified: 117 (depression), 19 (depression and anxiety), 6 (anxiety). • Prevalence of depression: 0.5 %–62.7 %; Generalised Anxiety Disorder: 0.2 %–32.2 %. • Meta-analysis of depression data: prevalence of 10.5 % (95 % CI, 8.9 %–11.2 %). • Rates of depression are not higher in older people in LMICs compared to HICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitigating rating inconsistency can improve measurement fidelity and detection of treatment response. The International Society for CNS Clinical Trials and Methodology convened an expert Working Group that developed consistency checks for ratings of the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Clinical Global Impression of Severity of anxiety (CGI S) that are widely used in studies of mood and anxiety disorders. Flags were applied to 40,349 HAM-A administrations from 15 clinical trials and to Monte Carlo-simulated data as a proxy for applying flags under conditions of inconsistency. Thirty-three flags were derived these included logical consistency checks and statistical outlier-response pattern checks. Twenty-percent of the HAM-A administrations had at least one logical scoring inconsistency flag, 4 % had two or more. Twenty-six percent of the administrations had at least one statistical outlier flag and 11 % had two or more. Overall, 35 % of administrations had at least one flag of any type, 19 % had one and 16 % had 2 or more. Most of administrations in the Monte Carlo- simulated data raised multiple flags. Flagged ratings may represent less-common presentations of administrations done correctly. Conclusions-Application of flags to clinical ratings may aid in detecting imprecise measurement. Flags can be used for monitoring of raters during an ongoing trial and as part of post-trial evaluation. Appling flags may improve reliability and validity of trial data. • A set of expert consensus and statistical flags to help identify possible errors in HAMA ratings. • Flags elaborated in paper can be applied. • Flags represent actual patterns of inconsistencies found. • Application of flags to ratings may improve reliability of ratings and validity of trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NHS England Radiotherapy Service Specification calls for routine use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). However, barriers exist at patient, healthcare professional and service levels. The aim of the present study was to determine the current use of PROMs within radiotherapy services in England. The current attitudes, barriers and enablers to the implementation of PROMs in radiotherapy practice were evaluated and practical recommendations to inform future implementation were developed. A mixed-methods approach was adopted to obtain quantitative and qualitative data. An online questionnaire was developed and disseminated to all radiotherapy operational delivery network managers across England. The questionnaire consisted of 12 open and closed questions relating to PROMs use, with the option to provide free-text responses. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted on free-text comments, whereas descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data. In total, 182 responses were received from 40 of the 50 radiotherapy providers, resulting in a response rate of 84%. The current use of PROMs was analysed, including rationale for use, tools used, format of PROMs collection and timing within the radiotherapy pathway. Most respondents indicated that PROMs were used in the context of clinical trials only. Through thematic analysis, four identical key themes were identified relating to both barriers and enablers to PROMs use; these included IT infrastructure, time, human/financial resources and training/education. A fifth theme, standardisation, was identified as a key enabler to PROMs use. Our findings show that outside of clinical trials, PROMs are not routinely used in radiotherapy services due to barriers identified at professional and service levels. Here we provide recommendations to mitigate the barriers identified and implement PROMs in radiotherapy, including training for healthcare professionals and standardisation of PROMs tools and storage. This study provides a key first step in driving PROMs implementation within radiotherapy services across England. • Outside of clinical trials, PROMs were not widely used within radiotherapy services. • Common PROMs used included QOL, anxiety/depression and urinary/bowel function tools. • PROMs are completed using either paper or electronic forms, by staff or patients. • Barriers include IT infrastructure, time, resources (staff/finances) and training. • Enablers included IT, time, resources, training and standardisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The etiological factors of mood disorders and psychopathologies are understudied. In this paper, we explored whether social psychological strains are related to depression, anxiety, and stress in non-clinical populations.Methods: 6,305 college students (39.3% men; 60.7% women) from six Chinese provincial-level jurisdictions completed a paper-and-pencil survey with Psychological Strain Scales (PSS-40) and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), both validated in Chinese populations.Results: Both PSS-40 and DASS-21 have high internal consistency reliabilities, and are highly correlated with each other. Hence, Chinese college students with greater psychological strains (value, aspiration, deprivation, or coping) have greater depression, anxiety, and stress. These results still held after controlling for relevant socio-demographic variables in the multiple regression models.Limitations: This was a cross-sectional study, and the sample only included several provinces in mainland China, not a representative sample of all of them.Conclusions: Mood disorders and psychopathologies are linked to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The results of this study extend the Strain Theory of Suicide from explaining the risk factors of suicidality to mood disorders and psychopathologies. Hence, these findings can inform prevention measures among college students, and possibly the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Up to 40% of adult burn-injured patients are non-adherent with prescribed compression garment wear. The aim of this paper is to systematically review the literature to understand barriers to adherence with compression garment wear.Method: Papers were included if they: investigated adults who required compression garment wear for the management of burns scars; focussed on reasons for non-adherence to compression garment wear; and were available in English. The process of meta-ethnography was then followed to synthesise the findings.Results: The factors impacting adherence to compression garment wear were grouped into six themes: sensory factors, psychological state, the impact of the garment on the patient's function, the availability of social support, the degree of choice, and the education provided to patients by their therapists. A model of compression garment adherence was developed detailing how these factors fit within the continuum of treatment for a burn-injured patient.Conclusions: Adherence to compression garment wear post-burn injury is a complex, dynamic phenomenon impacted by a range of factors. Findings from this review may inform approaches to support more consistent and/or extended garment wear, potentially improving scar outcomes and quality-of-life. Further research is recommended to investigate how each of the six identified themes impact adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The experience of debt involves affective entanglements of people, technologies and objects. • Financial subjectivities "run in the background" of our experiential worlds. • Indebted lives are lived in states of heightened anxiety and vigilance. • Austerity as an experiential mode is lived through practices of financialised anxiety. In the context of a perfect storm of measures – welfare reform, precarious work, stagnating wages – increasing numbers of households find themselves in complex webs of debt. This paper addresses the lived experience of debt in the UK, tracing some affective contours of indebtedness that are often overlooked in debt research. Focusing on domestic settings and emotional routines, the paper explores how the everyday experience of indebted life seeps into relationships, frames life projects, and mediates hopes for one's children. The paper argues that the affective architecture of debt operates just as much through moments of intensity – the letter of default, the pressure cooker of an advice session – as through a background hum in which individuals are engaged in ongoing practices of self-assessment, despair, desire and satisfaction. Drawing on in-depth interviews with indebted subjects, this paper investigates contemporary financial subjectivities through such forms of affective modulation that "run in the background". In addition to those moments of intensity, it argues that indebted lives are composed through low-level affective states that include hypervigilance, dissociation and anxiety. It examines the deep entanglements of people, technologies and objects that produce these affective states, highlighting relations of obligation and codependency, and the forms of vigilance and anxiety these relations create. In doing so, the paper troubles understandings of debt as a binary relationship between creditor and debtor and argues for a perspective that considers the complex affective entanglements of indebted lives and the imbrication of indebtedness, financial subjectivity, love and care in the making of life projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several clinical papers have provided clinical recommendations for how to provide cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for obsessive-compulsive symptoms among Orthodox Jewish individuals. However, no published studies have described culturally adapted CBT for anxiety or depression in this population or quantified the effectiveness of such approaches. We evaluated the effectiveness of CBT for symptoms of generalized anxiety and depression in a sample of Orthodox Jews (n = 65) and a comparison sample (n = 42) presenting to the Center for Anxiety, a private outpatient clinic with three offices in the New York area (www.centerforanxiety.org). A chart review revealed that all patients received CBT-based interventions with appropriate religious-cultural adaptations of treatment, which we present in two case studies. We observed statistically and clinically significant treatment gains from pretreatment to midtreatment (anxiety: t = 8.56, p <.001; depression: t = 8.01, p <.001), and again from midtreatment through termination (anxiety: t = 3.68, p <.001; depression: t = 3.62, p <.001). No significant differences in anxiety or depression were observed between Orthodox Jewish patients and controls at any time point or for treatment effects (anxiety: Wilks' Lambda =.950, F = 2.65, p =.076, η p 2 =.050; depression: Wilks' Lambda =.99, F = 2.00, p =.49, η p 2 =.014). This paper offers clinical insight into delivery of CBT to Orthodox Jewish patients, as well as preliminary support for the effectiveness of CBT in treating symptoms of generalized anxiety and depression within this population. • Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be adapted for religious cultures • Spiritual/religious content can be integrated into CBT • Among Orthodox Jews, CBT was effective for anxiety and depression • Treatment was equally effective among Orthodox Jews and controls [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]