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Cellulose-based flexible sensors, characterized by outstanding biocompatibility, degradability, and rich surface chemistry, offer considerable promise for human health monitoring. Limited extensibility, however, predisposes these materials to mechanical damage like cracking, which compromises sensor stability. Integrating self-healing functionalities not only restores their mechanical and sensory performances but also prolongs their service life. This paper reviews the diverse self-healing mechanisms of cellulose-based sensors and examines the contributions of dynamic bonding to reconciling self-healing prerequisites, efficiency, and mechanical integrity. The discussion extends to the latest advancements in cellulose-based flexible self-healing sensors for tracking health indicators, including movement, body temperature, sweat, and respiration, while also contemplating their prospects and emerging challenges. [Display omitted] • The synergies between self-healing mechanisms are summarized. • Comprehensively reviewed the progress in the human health monitoring field. • The excellent biocompatibility and degradability of the cellulose sensor are highlighted. • The limitation of cellulose-based flexible self-healing sensor technology was discussed. • Prospects the self-powered and self-healing of the skin surface environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 2D BiOCl lamellar membrane with CNFs is constructed for photocatalyst. • Hydrogen evolution rate of BiOCl/CNF 2DLM is 4.7-times that of the BiOCl nanosheets. • Experimental and theoretical analyses revealed the effect of CNFs on photocatalysis. • CNFs can regulate hydrogen bonds networks of confined water. • Confined water promotes the release of H+ from H 2 O. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) is a sustainable alternative for generating green and clean energy. However, it requires the use of nanoscale photocatalysts, whose applicability is limited by their poor reusability and proton release from water molecules. Herein, a porous two-dimensional lamellar membrane (2DLM) photocatalyst was fabricated from bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanosheets (BNs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) via layer-by-layer self-assembly. The hybridization of the CNFs with the BNs improved the PHE rate of the resulting BiOCl/CNFs membrane (BCM). The optimal PHE rate was observed for a CNF content of 3.2 wt% and was 4.7-times that of raw BNs dispersed in an aqueous solution alone and 1.85-times that of the BiOCl membrane (BM). Moreover, the PHE rate remained unchanged even after 10 discontinuous cycles for a total time of 60 h. Comprehensive experimental characterization and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that the introduction of the CNFs effectively regulated the hydrogen bond network of the confined water molecules, thus improving the efficiency of the conversion of H 2 O into H 2. Meanwhile, the optimization of the nanochannel sizes of the BNs by the hybridized CNFs accelerated water transport within the nanochannels. The 2DLM also showed excellent mechanical strength, flexibility, and translucence. This strategy of fabricating 2DLMs using a nanosheet photocatalyst and CNFs not only results in improved PHE performance but also should also aid the development of stable and reusable photocatalysts for other industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]