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Abstract Basic numerical skills provide an important foundation for the learning of mathematics. Thus, it is critical that researchers and educators have access to valid and reliable ways of assessing young children's numerical skills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concurrent, predictive, and incremental validity of a two-minute paper-and-pencil measure of children's symbolic (Arabic numerals) and non-symbolic (dot arrays) comparison skills. A sample of kindergarten children (M age = 5.86, N = 439) were assessed on the measure along with a number line estimation task, a measure of arithmetic, and several control measures. Results indicated that performance on the symbolic comparison task explained unique variance in children's arithmetic performance in kindergarten. Longitudinal analyses demonstrated that both symbolic comparison and number line estimation in kindergarten were independent predictors of 1st grade mathematics achievement. However, only symbolic comparison remained a unique predictor once language skills and processing speed were taken into account. These results suggest that a two-minute paper-and-pencil measure of children's symbolic number comparison is a reliable predictor of children's early mathematics performance. Highlights • We tested the validity and reliability of a recently developed Numeracy Screener. • Performance on the symbolic comparison task predicted kindergarten children's arithmetic performance. • Performance on the symbolic comparison task in kindergarten predicted school mathematics achievement one year later. • The Numeracy Screener may be a useful tool for early mathematics researchers and educators alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• There is a period representativeness bias in sample selection in most longitudinal bibliometric studies. • We compare samples of the 100 most impactful papers obtained with different selection options. • The percentile approach is best suited to provide appropriate weights for the citations regardless of the period. • The method can be applied to improve the performance of the metrics in selecting a sample of the highly impactful papers. There is a literature gap regarding the period representativeness bias associated with sample selection in longitudinal bibliometric studies. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and compare, in terms of period representativeness, the common methods used for selecting a sample of the highly impactful papers in a field/ journal. Using 92 593 papers (Information Science & Library Science area, 1977–2016), we compared, in terms of the number of papers/year, samples of the 100 most impactful papers, obtained with different selection options. We repeated the analysis also for Top500, Top2000, and Top20000. This study shows that the frequently used metrics to compare the impact of papers and to select a sample of "most impactful papers" published in each year and each field may privilege specific periods while neglecting others. The main result of our study is that the percentile citation-based method reduces this "year of publication" representativeness bias. This paper draws attention to the importance of the sample selection, in bibliometric studies, and to the period representativeness bias associated with different choices to select the "most impactful papers". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore a cohort of mental health nurses' views and experiences in developing and applying critical appraisal of research skills to identify helping and hindering factors. In accordance with evidence-based practice principles, there is an expectation that student (mental health) nurses will become competent in understanding research to make judgements about its trustworthiness and applicability in the clinical setting. This process is termed the 'critical appraisal of research' and it is deemed important to healthcare professionals because it facilitates the use of evidence from research to underpin practice. The study incorporated qualitative secondary research using thematic analysis and a poststructural lens. Following undertaking a module including tuition on the critical appraisal of research, a cohort of student mental health nurses' submitted essay reflections focusing on critical appraisal experiences were thematically analysed. The thematic analysis included both deductive and inductive components in adjunct to a poststructuralist analysis to explore influencing factors of language, meaning and subjectivity. The study identified there are both pedagogical factors and wider societal considerations influencing the critical appraisal of research experiences. Psychological and emotional factors, incorporating anxiety components were identified as a key barrier to engagement and understanding which has not previously been identified in comparable research. Enablers to the understanding and application of critical appraisal skills were identified as peer learning, accessing academic supervision, gaining a satisfaction of personal learning and self-directed learning with library skills support. The findings indicate that there are specific pedagogic considerations which can be applied when supporting mental health student nurses in developing and gaining skills in the critical appraisal of research. It is recommended that these are applied universally for nursing students and considered for other populations of healthcare students. • A key barrier to critical appraisal comprehension included anxiety experiences. • Satisfaction with learning promoted growth in knowledge. • Accessing academic supervision was perceived to enable progression immediately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with metabolic syndrome. Prevalence of metabolic risk factors including diabetes mellitus, obesity, etc. is rapidly increasing in India putting this population at risk for NAFLD. Patients with NAFLD are at increased risk for liver-related morbidity and mortality and also cardiovascular disease risk and increased incidence of diabetes mellitus on long-term follow-up. Management of patients with NAFLD may require a multi-disciplinary approach involving not only the hepatologists but also the internists, cardiologists, and endocrinologists. This position paper which is a combined effort of the Indian National Association for Study of the Liver (INASL), Endocrine Society of India (ESI), Indian College of Cardiology (ICC) and the Indian Society of Gastroenterology (ISG) defines the spectrum of NAFLD and the association of NAFLD with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome besides suggesting preferred approaches for the diagnosis and management of patients with NAFLD in the Indian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Context: Smartphone-based applications enable new prospects to monitor symptoms and assess functional outcome in patients with lumbar degenerative spinal disorders. However, little is known regarding patient acceptance and preference towards new modes of digital objective outcome assessment.Purpose: To assess patient preference of an objective smartphone-based outcome measure compared to conventional paper-based subjective methods of outcome assessment.Study Design: Prospective observational cohort study.Patient Sample: Fourty-nine consecutive patients undergoing surgery for lumbar degenerative spinal disorder.Outcome Measures: Patients completed a preference survey to assess different methods of outcome assessment. A 5-level Likert scale ranged from strong disagreement (2 points) over neutral (6 points) to strong agreement (10 points) was used.Methods: Patients self-determined their objective functional impairment using the 6-minute Walking Test application (6WT-app) and completed a set of paper-based patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) before and 6 weeks after surgery. Patients were then asked to rate the methods of outcome assessment in terms of suitability, convenience, and responsiveness to their symptoms.Results: The majority of patients considered the 6WT-app a suitable instrument (median 8.0, interquartile range [IQR] 4.0). Patients found the 6WT more convenient (median 10.0, IQR 2.0) than the Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (ZCQ; median 8.0, IQR 4.0, p=.019) and Core Outcome Measure Index (COMI; median 8.0, IQR 4.0, p=.007). There was good agreement that the 6WT-app detects change in physical performance (8.0, IQR 4.0). 78 % of patients considered the 6WT superior in detecting differences in symptoms (vs. 22% for PROMs). Seventy-six percent of patients would select the 6WT over the other, 18% the ZCQ and 6% the COMI. Eighty-two percent of patients indicated their preference to use a smartphone app for the assessment and monitoring of their spine-related symptoms in the future.Conclusions: Patients included in this study favored the smartphone-based evaluation of objective functional impairment over paper-based PROMs. Involving patients more actively by means of digital technology may increase patient compliance and satisfaction as well as diagnostic accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review summarises the articles relating to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) that were published in the British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (BJOMS) between January 2011 and December 2012. In total 24 papers were published. Of these, 16 (67%) were full-length articles, which included prospective, retrospective, and laboratory-based studies as well as reviews. The remaining 8 papers were short communications, technical notes, and letters to the editor, which report on, amongst other things, unusual cases, rare complications, and novel surgical techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Due to the significant risks and complications associated with blood loss and allogeneic transfusions, identifying safe and effective ways to minimize blood loss during spine surgery is crucial. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is effective at reducing blood loss and transfusion rate in orthopaedic surgery. Although intravenous (IV) TXA has been shown to be successful in patients undergoing spine fusion, no studies in the current literature have investigated the efficacy of its low cost counterpart, oral (PO) TXA. PURPOSE The purpose of this prospective randomized trial was to determine if PO TXA is equivalent to IV TXA in reducing blood loss in spinal fusion. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING This study was a single-center, randomized, prospective trial designed to test equivalence between IV and oral TXA in the setting of thoracolumbar fusion between February and December 2017. PATIENT SAMPLE Enrolled patients were randomly assigned between the two treatment groups of IV and oral TXA using a random number algorithm. A total of 44 patients received IV TXA and 45 patients received PO TXA. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was reduction of hemoglobin. In addition, calculated blood loss, drain output, postoperative transfusion, complications, and length of hospital stay were investigated. METHODS In this prospective randomized trial, 89 patients undergoing thoracolumbar fusion were randomized to receive 1.95g of PO TXA 2hours preoperatively or 2g IV TXA (1g before incision and 1g before wound closure) intraoperatively. Because the number of fusion levels can influence blood loss, the sample was sub-categorized by the number of vertebral levels arthrodesed (1–2 levels, 3–5 levels, >5 levels). Power analysis determined that 30 patients were needed in each group. Equivalence analysis was performed with a two one-sided test (TOST). A P-value of <.05 suggested equivalence between treatments. RESULTS Patient demographic factors were similar between groups except for BMI. The mean reduction of hemoglobin was similar between IV and PO groups (3.35g/dL vs. 3.18g/dL, respectively; P=.016, equivalence). Similarly, the calculated blood loss was equivalent (1233mL vs. 1227mL, respectively; P=.027, equivalence). Eight patients (18%) in IV TXA group received a transfusion compared to six patients in PO TXA group (13%) (P=.53). One patient (2% each) in each group experienced a DVT/PE (P=.99). CONCLUSIONS Intravenous and PO TXA are both effective in reducing the expensive perioperative costs associated with blood loss and transfusions after spinal fusions. Oral TXA provides equivalent reductions in blood loss at a greatly reduced cost compared to the IV formulation. As the incidence of spinal fusions increases in the near future, adopting an oral regimen of TXA can drastically improve cost-efficiency for our health care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The co-occurrence of delusions and other symptoms at the onset of psychosis is a challenge for theories about the aetiology of psychosis. This paper explores the relatedness of delusions about the experience of thinking (thought insertion, thought withdrawal, and thought broadcasting) and auditory verbal hallucinations by describing their trajectories over a 20-year period in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, affective and other psychosis, and unipolar depression nonpsychosis. The sample consisted of 407 participants who were recruited at index hospitalization and evaluated over six follow-ups over 20 years. The symptom structure associated with thought insertion included auditory verbal hallucinations, somatic hallucinations, other hallucinations, delusions of thought-dissemination, delusions of control, delusion of self-depreciation, depersonalization and anxiety. The symptom constellation of thought withdrawal included somatic hallucinations, other hallucinations, delusions of thought dissemination, delusions of control, sexual delusions, depersonalization, negative symptoms, depression, and anxiety. The symptom constellation of thought broadcasting included auditory verbal hallucinations, somatic hallucinations, delusions of thought-dissemination, delusion of self-depreciation, fantastic delusions, sexual delusions, and depersonalization. Auditory verbal hallucinations and delusions of self-depreciation were significantly associated with both thought insertion and thought broadcasting. Thought insertion and thought withdrawal were significantly associated with other hallucinations, delusions of control, and anxiety; thought withdrawal and thought broadcasting were significantly related to sexual delusions. We hypothesize that specific symptom constellations over time might be explained as the product of pseudo-coherent realities created to give meaning to the experience of the world and the self of individuals in psychosis based on both prior top-down and ongoing bottom-up elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract When treating older adults, a main factor to consider is physical frailty. Because specific assessments in clinical trials are frequently lacking, critical appraisal of treatment evidence with respect to functional status is challenging. Our aim was to identify and categorize assessments for functional status given in clinical trials in older adults to allow for a retrospective characterization and indirect comparison of treatment evidence from these cohorts. We conducted 4 separate systematic reviews of randomized and nonrandomized controlled clinical trials in older people with hypertension, diabetes, depression, and dementia. All assessments identified that reflected functional status were analyzed. Assessments were categorized across 4 different functional status levels. These levels span from functionally not impaired, slightly impaired, significantly impaired, to severely impaired/disabled. If available from the literature, cut-offs for these 4 functioning levels were extracted. If not, or if the existing cut-offs did not match the predefined functional levels, cut-off points were defined by an expert group composed of geriatricians, pharmacists, pharmacologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, and epidemiologists using a patient-centered approach. We identified 51 instruments that included measures of functional status. Although some of the assessments had clearly defined cut-offs across our predefined categories, many others did not. In most cases, no cut-offs existed for slightly impaired or severely impaired older adults. Missing cut-offs or values to adjust were determined by the expert group and are presented as described. The functional status assessments that were identified and operationalized across 4 functional levels could now be used for a retrospective characterization of functional status in randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Allocated categories only serve as approximations and should be validated head-to-head in future studies. Moreover, as general standard, upcoming studies involving older adults should include and explicitly report functional impairment as a baseline characteristic of all participants enrolled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micrographia, or small handwriting, is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Weighted pens have previously been recommended to improve handwriting, but there is limited research supporting their effectiveness. Additionally, previous research has demonstrated that music as an auditory cue can reduce variability in fine motor movements, but its effect on handwriting in people with PD remains unknown. This study explored potential handwriting interventions for people with PD by evaluating the effectiveness of weighted pens and auditory cues on handwriting. This was a pilot cohort study. Eight older adults with PD used a standard pen and a weighted pen to write continuous cursive " l "s on 1.5-cm-lined paper for a total of 10 seconds while listening to auditory cues in 4 conditions: control (silence), metronome, activating music, and relaxing music. Kinematic data were measured with sensors attached to the tip of each pen, and muscle activity was measured with electromyography sensors adhered to the extensor digitorum communis and first dorsal interosseous. When writing with the standard pen, peak-to-peak time was reduced in the metronome (control = 0.807 ± 0.121 seconds, metronome = 0.701 ± 0.100 seconds, p = 0.024) and activating (control = 0.807 ± 0.121 seconds, activating = 0.691 ± 0.113 seconds , p = 0.009) conditions compared to the control condition. Furthermore, the weighted pen increased the variability of distance between letter peaks (standard = 0.187 ± 0.010, weighted = 0.482 ± 0.065, p = 0.033) and the variability of time needed to complete each letter (standard = 0.176 ± 0.010, weighted = 0.187 ± 0.016, p = 0.042) compared to the standard pen. Finally, area under the curve of the extensor digitorum communis was reduced in the metronome (metronome = 66.03 ± 25.74 mV, control = 88.98 ± 30.40 mV, p = 0.034) and activating music (activating = 66.49 ± 26.02 mV , control = 88.98 ± 30.40 mV , p = 0.012) conditions compared to control when writing with the standard pen. These results suggest that weighted pens may not improve handwriting in novice users, but auditory cues appear beneficial. This can inform future directions in the research and clinical application of handwriting interventions for persons with PD. • Weighted pens increase handwriting variability in novice users with PD. • Metronome and activating cues reduce writing time with a standard pen. • Metronome and activating cues reduce muscle activity with a standard pen. • Weighted pens wash out the benefits of auditory cueing on handwriting in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grading and classification of IDH-mutant astrocytomas has shifted from solely histology towards histology combined with molecular diagnostics. In this systematic review, we give an overview of all currently known clinically relevant molecular markers within IDH-mutant astrocytomas grade 2 to 4. A literature search was performed in five electronic databases for English original papers on patient outcome with respect to a molecular marker as determined by DNA/RNA sequencing, micro-arrays, or DNA methylation profiling in IDH-mutant astrocytomas grade 2 to 4. Papers were included if molecular diagnostics were performed on tumour tissue of at least 15 IDH-mutant astrocytoma patients, and if the investigated molecular markers were not limited to the diagnostic markers MGMT , ATRX , TERT , and/or TP53. The literature search identified 4508 unique articles, published between August 2012 and December 2021, of which ultimately 44 articles were included. Numerous molecular markers from these papers were significantly correlated to patient outcome. The associations between patient outcome and non-canonical IDH mutations, PI3K mutations, high expression of MSH2 , high expression of RAD18 , homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/B , amplification of PDGFRA , copy number neutral loss of chromosomal arm 17p, loss of chromosomal arm 19q, the G-CIMP-low DNA methylation cluster, high total CNV, and high tumour mutation burden were confirmed in multiple studies. Multiple genetic and epigenetic markers are associated with survival in IDH-mutant astrocytoma patients. Commonly affected are the RB signalling pathway, the RTK-PI3K-mTOR signalling pathway, genomic stability markers, and (epigenetic) gene regulation. • Multiple molecular markers associated with survival in IDH-mutant astrocytoma patients. • RB and RTK-PI3K-mTOR signalling pathways are commonly affected. • Genomic stability and (epigenetic) gene regulation markers are often affected as well. • Few molecular markers have been validated in independent patient cohorts. • International collaborations should enforce more and uniform data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To chart peer-reviewed literature regarding the psychological and social health outcomes of physical activity (PA) around menopause in a systematic manner.Methods: Nine electronic databases and 10 core journals were searched using specific search strings to identify eligible articles. Manual checking of reference lists was also performed. The selection process was guided by the stages in PRISMA-ScR.Results: Eighty peer-reviewed articles representing 67 studies from 25 countries were included. All articles were published between 1994 and 2021. For all studies, surveys were the primary method of measuring psychological and social health outcomes, in cross-sectional studies (36 papers), intervention studies (33), longitudinal cohort studies (10) and one paper reporting a mixed-method study. The dataset comprised a total of 103,826 women, with an average age of 52.6 and a variety of menopausal states. Most of the studies involved primarily Caucasian, relatively healthy, married and employed participants. Nineteen psychological and social health outcomes were assessed, including psychological menopause symptoms (N = 34), quality of life (N = 33), depression (N = 30), anxiety (N = 11), mental wellbeing (N = 21), perceived stress (N = 9), satisfaction with life (N = 7) and self-esteem (N = 5).Conclusions: Collectively, the findings of these studies indicate a relatively evident positive impact of PA on the respective health outcomes, with only a few studies reporting no association. It is also noteworthy that most studies did not report any difference related to menopausal status. Future studies would benefit from, inter alia, a qualitative approach to lived experiences of psychological and social health outcomes of PA during the menopausal transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defined as signs denoting products linked to discrete characteristics of an area, geographical indications (GIs) acquired prominence in the economic development agenda. Gains from GIs triggered processes of redefinition and extension of the underlying territorial boundaries. Extensions increased the number of beneficiaries of the returns from GIs but also ignited tensions that deserve to be observed to distil theoretical insights on the evolution of indications and actionable guidelines for practitioners and policymakers. This study investigates the processes governing the settlement of tensions after the extension of a GI and attempts at understanding how contestations among incumbents and newcomers can be managed. Through a retrospective longitudinal analysis of the Prosecco extension, we find that incumbents and newcomers clashed based on different visions of the GI. Three elements allowed the management of tensions: political agency, the design of governance mechanisms, and a territorial portfolio strategy. • The paper sheds light on the tensions ensuing from the enlargement of a GI. • How tensions can be managed is studied in the context of the Prosecco GI. • Incumbents and newcomers engage in contests and mobilize opposing cognitive frames. • The paper systematizes the determinants of two opposing frames in the Prosecco GI. • Political agency, governance, a portfolio strategy ensure the stability of the GI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Functional data analysis (FDA) for Rating Scale (RS) Time-Intensity (T-I) data. • The mean RS functional curves and their 1st and 2nd derivative curves. • The index of efficiency (A.RS) based on area under curve for percentage (%) relief. • Functional analysis of variance (FANOVA) for detection of group effects. A longitudinal study was undertaken recently in the USA to investigate the perceptual efficacy of a supplement tablet. Efficacy was assessed using an 11-attribute 5-point Rating Scale (RS). The RS diary time-intensity data were analyzed using functional data analysis (FDA). The mean RS functional curves and their 1st and 2nd derivative curves are produced. Attribute intensities (symptom relief) are compared to baseline measures. Two indices of efficacy were used to measure reduction in symptom severity. Results show symptoms decreased over the 12-week study with use of the tablet. The focus of this paper is on applied use of FDA and the new index A.RS which shows advantages by providing examination of the full range of longitudinal data (0–84 days) and a percentage efficacy index versus a traditional efficacy index that is based on the difference between just two time points (day 0 and day 84). The analytic methods in this paper have relevancy for sensory and consumer time-intensity research and longitudinal study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study sought to examine the impact of longitudinal changes in depressive symptoms in middle-aged adults before and after their first stroke, and the impact of different ages. The study monitored middle-aged patients with a first stroke in the China Family Panel Study (CFPS) survey from 2016 to 2020. This study examined longitudinal changes in depressive symptoms in middle-aged adults and their controls before and after stroke using multilevel models, and also explored factors influencing middle-aged adults at the time of their respective stroke and depressive symptoms using conditional regression models and stepwise regression models, respectively. A chi-square test was used to determine whether long-term changes in depressive symptoms in patients before and after stroke could be attributed to changes in a single depressive symptom. The study identified 582 first-time stroke patients and 5522 controls from a population of 17,588 participants. Middle-aged populations may have an increased risk of depressive symptoms after a first stroke compared to older populations. First-time stroke victims showed increased severity of depressive symptoms in both the two years before and the two years after stroke when depressive symptoms were assessed. Differences in the presentation of a single depressive symptom were most pronounced in sleep-related symptoms. The link between first stroke and changes in the trajectory of increased depressive symptoms is complex and bidirectional. Age is an important factor influencing changes in depressive symptoms, some attention should be paid to the middle-aged population. Special attention should also be paid to sleep-related symptoms in the long-term care of patients. • We sought to investigate the effects of longitudinal changes in depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults before and after the first stroke. • Age is an important influence on stroke and PSD, and there is a dual association between first-ever stroke and changes in trajectories related to depressive symptoms. • This paper is the first to reveal the first-time stroke patients and their relationship with depressive symptoms before and after the onset of stroke based on Chinese residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a surge in research on self-injury in the last decade, a summary of research findings about the development of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) over time in community youth samples is not yet present in the scientific literature. This study aims to summarize the empirical literature on this topic, examining both the occurrence (Study 1) and frequency (Study 2) of NSSI over time, and for this reason, a Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis were conducted. Following the PRISMA guidelines, the longitudinal studies included in the systematic review consisted of 41 papers (Study 1 = 16; Study 2 = 25). Only studies with available data were included in the meta-analysis (Study 1 = 12; Study 2 = 11). First, the findings highlight limits related to methodological aspects, the design of the studies, and the availability of data. Meta-analytic results shows that across development, the frequency (i.e., not the occurrence) of NSSI increases for the group of younger adolescents, remains stable in the group of middle adolescents, and it decreases for older adolescents. This study highlights some limitations that can be summarized in three different macro categories: the first refers to methodological aspects (e.g., the lifetime prevalence of NSSI), the second to the design of the studies (e.g., not homogeneous cohort; short-term covered), and the third to the availability of data. The current meta-analysis tries to shed light on the longitudinal research on NSSI behavior and how this behavior develops in terms of both occurrence and frequency, providing practical and methodological indications for future research. • The development of NSSI - occurrence and frequency, in adolescence • A systematic review and a meta-analytic Bayesian approach to synthesize data • Few longitudinal studies with multiple waves and covering long span-time • For younger adolescents, the frequency of NSSI increases over time • For older adolescents, the frequency of NSSI decreases over time [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Biopharmaceuticals revolutionised inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment. However, it is postulated they compromise immunity, collagen production and angiogenesis resulting in infective post-operative complications and altered wound/anastomotic healing. Research has failed to agree on risks associated with perioperative biologics therefore it was anticipated that a systematic review may provide a consensus and contribute recommendations for clinical practice.Methods: A systematic review conducted as per PRISMA guidelines included a methodical search of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE/Ovid and Cochrane Library using MeSH and/or keywords for papers published between 01/01/1998 and 04/02/2019.The population analysed included adult ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, Indeterminate Colitis or IBD unclassified patients. The intervention was intra-abdominal surgery in patients treated with biological therapy in the preceding 12 weeks compared to patients who had intra-abdominal surgery without biological therapy within the defined timeframe. The primary outcome was surgical site infection (SSI) with secondary outcomes including wound dehiscence, intra-abdominal sepsis/abscess, systemic infection and anastomotic breakdown within 30 days post-procedure. Papers were evaluated by two independent reviewers and those included were assessed for quality/bias using the Newcastle-Ottowa scale.Results: 2064 UC, Crohn's and IC patients were analysed across 8 included studies. Several studies' multivariate analyses demonstrated corticosteroids to be independent predictors of morbidity. There are no increased complications associated with anti-TNFα exposure while vedolizumab increased SSI and small bowel obstruction.Conclusion: Prospective studies and randomised control trials are required to clarify study outcomes and recommendations published to date. Presently, biologics should continue to be used and considered beneficial in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupation-based intervention (OBI) in hand therapy has shown superior benefits in patient-reported performance and physical measures; however, only a few studies have used OBI. We developed a decision-aid to promote the use of an injured hand in the real world (Aid for Decision-making in Occupation Choice for hand; ADOC-H) To investigate the clinical utility of the ADOC-H (paper version) in patients with distal radius fractures. A prospective case series and a clinical survey for occupational therapists. This study comprised a prospective patient case series of 8 patients with distal radius fractures, treated using Volar locking plates, and a clinical survey of 4 experienced occupational therapists. No patient or therapist complaints or drop-outs were reported. Active range of motion (wrist), Grip strength, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores improved for all patients. The ADOC-H induced 158 activities using the injured hand, with activities of daily living (69.8%) selected earlier in the treatment period, and instrumental activities of daily living (63.3%) selected later. The feedback and case studies suggested that the ADOC-H was useful for patients who were afraid of using the hand and, interestingly, patients who were able to use their hand without pain or other problems. The clinical survey showed that most therapists found the ADOC-H effective in facilitating real-life use of an injured hand. The ADOC-H paper version is an useful tool that can be applied to facilitate patients with distal radius fractures to use their injured hands in real-life settings. • We tested the Aid for Decision-making in Occupation Choice–Hand (ADOC-H). • This case series showed that the ADOC-H is applicable to various real-life settings. • ADOC-H promotes distal radius fracture patients' daily use of the injured hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Framingham Heart Study is the longest-running cardiovascular epidemiological study, starting in 1948. This paper gives an overview of the various cohorts, collected data, and most important research findings to date. In brief, the Framingham Heart Study, funded by the National Institutes of Health and managed by Boston University, spans 3 generations of well phenotyped White persons and 2 cohorts comprised of racial and ethnic minority groups. These cohorts are densely phenotyped, with extensive longitudinal follow-up, and they continue to provide us with important information on human cardiovascular and noncardiovascular physiology over the lifespan, as well as to identify major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This paper also summarizes some of the more recent progress in molecular epidemiology and discusses the future of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA, www.nesda.nl) is a longitudinal, multi-site, naturalistic, case-control cohort study set up to examine the etiology, course and consequences of depressive and anxiety disorders. This paper presents a cohort profile of NESDA.Methods and Results: The NESDA sample recruited initially 2329 persons with a remitted or current DSM-IV based depressive (major depressive disorder, dysthymia) and/or anxiety disorder (panic disorder, social phobia, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder), 367 of their siblings and 652 healthy controls, yielding a total of 3348 participants. Half-day face-to-face assessments of participants started in 2004 and since then have been repeated six times over a period of 9 years. A 13-year follow-up assessment is ongoing, at what time we also recruit offspring of participants. Retention rates are generally high, ranging from 87.1% (after 2 years) to 69.4% (after 9 years). Psychiatric diagnostic interviews have been administered at all face-to-face assessments, as was monitoring of clinical characteristics, psychosocial functioning and somatic health. Assessed etiological factors include e.g. early and current environmental risk factors, psychological vulnerability and resilience factors as well as (neuro)biology through hypothesis-driven biomarker assessments, genome-wide and large-scale '-omics' assessments, and neuroimaging assessments.Limitations: The naturalistic design allows research into course and consequences of affective disorders but is limited in treatment response interpretation.Conclusions: NESDA provides a strong research infrastructure for research into depressive and/or anxiety disorders. Its data have been used for many scientific papers describing either NESDA-based analyses or joint collaborative consortia-projects, and are in principle available to researchers outside the NESDA consortium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Permanent supportive housing (PSH) is one setting which aims to provide stability and community to those who have experienced homelessness. • PSH has not been widely studied with young adults. • This paper uses mixed method to explore how young adult residents experience psychological sense of community (PSOC) before and after moving into PSH. • We find that building community takes time and requires opportunities for voices to be heard, along with ongoing personal growth (often related to substance use recovery). • Future PSH settings for young people should consider how to support residents in their individual journeys, and in building community. Amidst chronic stressors and ongoing instability, many young people who have experienced homelessness and housing instability find communities and settings which offer support and care. Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH) is one setting which aims to provide stability and community to those who have experienced homelessness, but it has not been widely studied with young adults (ages 18–25 upon moving into PSH). This paper employs a longitudinal convergent mixed methods approach – with quantitative and qualitative survey data over 1.5 years – to explore how young adult residents (N = 27 at T1; N = 20 at T2, N = 13 at T3) experience sense of community before and after moving into PSH. Using McMillan and Chavis' (1986) four-part Psychological Sense of Community (PSOC) framework to frame data collection and analysis, we find that residents' sense of community is shaped by an ongoing negotiation of personal and collective needs. Building community takes time and requires opportunities for voices to be heard (and shape change), along with ongoing personal growth – especially related to substance use recovery. Our findings offer insights for future PSH settings for young people – as well as other residential and community settings which aim to support young people. We suggest the need for future research which explores the tension of policy decision making, about substance use for example, in low-barrier support services like PSH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Findings highlight the importance of peer support and the possibility of participatory research approaches in catalyzing peer connectivity and agency among foster scholars in higher education. • Actions and advocacy associated with Participatory Action Research have benefits for students with foster care experience and can contribute to critical consciousness raising among those within and outside of child welfare and university systems. • Integrating youth voice and perspective to our existing body of knowledge about youth with foster care experience in higher education adds a critical, often missing perspective. • Universities, child welfare system professionals, policymakers, child welfare scholars desiring to create policy and practice more affirming of young people with foster care experience should center the voices and recommendations of youth with foster care experience in their decision making. This paper presents findings from a focus group conducted as part of a larger Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) study with a cohort of university students with experience in foster care. Six foster scholars (ages 18–21) participated in a research collective offered as a collaboration between the School of Social Welfare and the Educational Opportunities Program (EOP) at a large Northeastern public research university. Over the course of several semesters, students received an overview of research methods, evaluated existing research regarding the educational outcomes of youth with foster care experience, then designed an interview guide for a focus group that they later participated in. Focus group data was transcribed and then analyzed in two ways, first through thematic content analysis using ATLAS TI qualitative software, and simultaneously through participatory narrative analysis using an adapted version of Carol Gilligan's Listening Guide. The cluster of findings presented in this paper highlights co-researchers' experiences of a YPAR approach to research. Three themes emerged: validation of experience and peer support , connection to available resources, and YPAR as a tool of collective action and empowerment. An overview of the significant actions and change efforts associated with the YPAR process is also provided. Findings highlight the importance of peer support and the possibility of participatory research approaches in catalyzing peer connectivity and agency among foster scholars in higher education. Integrating youth voice and perspective to the existing body of knowledge about youth with foster care experience in higher education adds an important perspective needed to more holistically understand what resources and supports are most critical in ensuring their success. Recommendations are made for both universities and child welfare scholars desiring to center the voices and experiences of youth with foster care experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We examined whether a context and process-sensitive 'intelligent' checklist increases compliance with best practice compared with a paper checklist during intensive care ward rounds.Methods: We conducted a single-centre prospective before-and-after mixed-method trial in a 35 bed medical and surgical ICU. Daily ICU ward rounds were observed during two periods of 8 weeks. We compared paper checklists (control) with a dynamic (digital) clinical checklist (DCC, intervention). The primary outcome was compliance with best clinical practice, measured as the percentages of checked items and unchecked critical items. Secondary outcomes included ICU stay and the usability of digital checklists. Data are presented as median (interquartile range).Results: Clinical characteristics and severity of critical illness were similar during both control and intervention periods of study. A total of 36 clinicians visited 197 patients during 352 ward rounds using the paper checklist, compared with 211 patients during 366 ward rounds using the DCC. Per ICU round, a median of 100% of items (94.4-100.0) were completed by DCC, compared with 75.1% (66.7-86.4) by paper checklist (P=0.03). No critical items remained unchecked by the DCC, compared with 15.4% (8.3-27.3) by the paper checklist (P=0.01). The DCC was associated with reduced ICU stay (1 day [1-3]), compared with the paper checklist (2 days [1-4]; P=0.05). Usability of the DCC was judged by clinicians to require further improvement.Conclusions: A digital checklist improved compliance with best clinical practice, compared with a paper checklist, during ward rounds on a mixed ICU.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03599856. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role of enterprise platforms in the context of pervasive enterprise-wide processes of digital transformation. The paper empirically illustrates and theorizes on how digital transformation processes are challenged by inertia rooted in existing historical layers of technical and social arrangements. Empirically, we report from a longitudinal case study of a global oil and gas company following their various attempts at digitally transforming their document management practices and platforms. After prolonged efforts to facilitate transformation with an enterprise platform they eventually succeed with digital transformation after nearly six years. In making sense of this, we build on path theory and assemblage theory and theorize digital transformation as a path dependent process, where new paths can be created through stabilizing new assemblages and de-destabilizing others. The paper contributes by theorizing the role of inertia in digital transformation processes and the role of enterprise platforms. We conclude by giving insights on how practitioners can manage path dependency in digital transformation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Exercise maximum flexibility in scheduling to optimize data collection. • Secure a variety of contact methods to support successful communication. • Study eligibility requirements should be well thought out and clearly defined. • Driving exposure should be measured frequently to explain changes in driving behaviors. Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause of mortality among teenagers. Teen driving research has a longstanding history; however, much of this work is cross-sectional. The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development funded a study, REACT (R oadway E xperiences and A ttentional C hange in T eens) which combined factorial and longitudinal designs to investigate the independent and joint effects of age and driving experience on driving attention over time among young drivers. Longitudinal methods offer important contributions to teen driving research by enabling characterization of driving trajectories. This paper describes methodological considerations for longitudinal studies of teen drivers. Such considerations are organized into overarching themes, including population, recruitment, enrollment, and retention, throughout this paper. These considerations were compiled as a combination of our own experiences in REACT and previous literature. We elaborate on these considerations below to illustrate the value of each consideration. Issues encountered are discussed and strategies for dealing with various issues are described. Transportation barriers, scheduling difficulties, and skipped study milestones were among the most frequent challenges; we outline these and other issues encountered in REACT and corresponding considerations for such issues in Table 2. Sharing these experiences should aid future longitudinal investigations of young drivers, which are critically needed to reduce teen MVCs. Studies similar to REACT are considerable undertakings due to the comprehensive nature of longitudinal design. Such investigations must maintain a delicate balance between appropriate amounts of rigor and flexibility in the development of thoroughly defined research questions and theoretically driven frameworks. Key considerations that have contributed to the success of REACT are outlined, challenges encountered throughout data collection are documented, and recommendations based on choices made and lessons learned to inform future longitudinal investigations on young drivers are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accurately identifying patients at an elevated risk of suicide in minimal time is an important mental health issue. Therefore, we developed the Ultra Brief Checklist for Suicidality (UBCS) and reported its psychometric properties.Methods: We studied 544 participants who had completed the UBCS, other self-report measures, and structured clinical interviews by trained interviewers. We explored the psychometric properties of the UBCS's paper-based and online versions by identifying optimal cutoff points, sensitivity, specificity, etc. of all participants.Results: The mean score of the UBCS (paper-pencil version) in the no-suicide-risk group was 0.23 (SD = 0.73), while in the Risk-Positive (RP) and the High-Risk (HR) groups it was 3.54 (SD = 3.22) and 6.31 (SD = 3.97), respectively. Optimal cutoff points for the RP and HR groups were 1 (AUC = 0.914) and 3 (AUC = 0.928), respectively.Limitations: The current findings apply only to adults, not to children or adolescents. The original MINI was used as the assessment instrument's reference standard rather than MINI 7.0.2 of DSM-5. Predictive validity was not addressed as this was not a longitudinal cohort study.Conclusions: The UBCS was rigorously tested and validated. More than half the participants completed the UBCS within a minute. It possesses adequate psychometric properties and can be easily administered with minimal clinician time and effort, via paper or Internet. We believe it can contribute to suicide risk identification and timely interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In literature, percentages of pathologic complete response (pCR) in patients presenting with resectable (RES), borderline resectable (BLR) or locally advanced (LA) pancreatic cancer (PaC) after neoadjuvant treatment (NADT) are variable, ranging 0–33%. Those data come mostly from retrospective reviews of single centres. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the incidence of pCR. Methods: Following the criteria of the PRISMA statement, a literature search was conducted looking for prospective papers focusing on neoadjuvant treatment in PaC. Retrospective papers, other than ductal carcinoma histologies and trials including metastatic patients, were excluded from the present review. Data extraction was carried out by 3 independent investigators. Meta-analysis was performed with ProMeta3 Software (Internovi, 2015). PROSPERO registry: CRD42018095641. Results: The literature search of Embase, Cochrane and Medline with the terms "neoadjuvant OR preoperative", "pancreatic OR pancreas" and "cancer OR adenocarcinoma OR tumor" led to the identification of 3128 papers. We restricted the search to humans, last 10 years and English language articles resulting in 1158 eligible articles to review. Extended paper revision led to the inclusion of 27 papers. Complete pathologic response ranged 0–11.11%, at the meta-analysis 4% (95% CI 3–5%), in prospective studies 0–9.09% and in prospective databases 1.63–11.11%. Conclusions: Pathologic complete response in pancreatic cancer is actually infrequent: high-quality studies provide a more reliable picture of neoadjuvant effects, high rates of pCR are reported in selected retrospective studies but it is overestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide and suicidal behaviour are global health concerns with complex aetiologies. Given the recent research and policy focus on loneliness, this systematic review aimed to determine the extent to which loneliness predicts suicidal ideation and/or behaviour (SIB) over time.Methods: A keyword search of five major databases (CINHAL, Medline, PsychArticles, PsychInfo and Web of Knowledge) was conducted. Papers for inclusion were limited to those using a prospective longitudinal design, written in English and which measured loneliness at baseline and SIB at a later time-point.Results: After duplicates were removed, 947 original potential papers were identified, with 22 studies meeting the review criteria. Meta-analysis revealed loneliness was a significant predictor of both suicidal ideation and behaviour and there was evidence that depression acted as a mediator. Furthermore, studies which consisted of predominantly female participants were more likely to report a significant relationship, as were studies where participants were aged 16-20 or >55 years at baseline.Limitations: There was considerable variability in measures, samples and methodologies used across the studies. Middle-aged adults were under-represented, as were individuals from minority ethnic backgrounds. All studies were conducted in countries where self-reliance and independence (i.e. individualism) are the cultural norm.Conclusions: Loneliness predicts later SIB in select populations. However, due to the heterogeneity of the studies further research is needed to draw more robust conclusions. Suicide death also needs to be included as an outcome measure. A focus on more collectivist countries is also required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is unknown whether rectus sheath catheter (RSC) continuous infusion of local anaesthetic is superior to standard post-operative opiate analgesia following major abdominal surgery. Previous audit in our Trust had suggested RSC was very effective and reduced opiate analgesia use. We aimed to see if this was maintained as the technique became more widespread comparing clinical outcomes and post-operative opiate analgesia requirements between patients who had RSCs and those that did not following major abdominal surgery over a 32-month period.Methods: A retrospective observational study investigated patients who had major abdominal surgery at a single centre in the UK between January 2018 and August 2020. Placement of RSCs was at the discretion of the surgical team according to their own personal choice. All patients having the procedure in both an elective and non-elective setting have been included in this study, including patients requiring higher level care after emergency surgery. Clinical outcomes and post-operative opiate analgesia requirements (oral and intravenous) were analysed using multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for American Association of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade and type of surgery (emergency vs elective and open vs laparoscopic).Results: There were 911 patients; 276/911 (30.3%) RSC and 635/911 (69.7%) non-RSC. Median age was 64 (52-74) years; 51.6% were male. In the adjusted models, RSC was associated with a reduced likelihood of serious complications (OR 0.49 (95% CI 0.33, 0.72); p < 0.001) and lower length of stay in ICU (OR 0.95 (95% CI 0.91, 0.99); p = 0.029). RSC was not associated with reduced post-operative opiate analgesia use. There were 3/276 (1.1%) adverse events following RSC placement during the period of data collection.Conclusions: Clinical outcomes may be superior for patients following major abdominal surgery when RSCs are placed for post-operative analgesia but uncertainty remains. This paper highlights the difficulty with retrospective non-selected data in answering this question. High quality prospective randomised data are required to determine the effects on clinical outcomes and post-operative opiate analgesia requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Only a few papers are published on the safety and effectiveness of acute burn care in low-income countries. A cohort study was therefore carried out to determine such outcomes.Methods: The study was conducted in a rural Tanzanian hospital in 2017-2018. All patients admitted with burns were eligible. Complications were scored during admission as an indication for safety. Survivors of severe burn injuries were evaluated for time of reepithelialization, graft take, disability (WHODAS2.0) and quality of life (EQ5D-3L) up to 3 months post-injury, as an indication of effectiveness.Results: Patients presented on average at 5 days after injury (SD 11, median 1, IQR 0-4). Three patients died at admission. The remaining 79 were included in the cohort. Their median age was 3 years (IQR 2-9, range 0.5-49), mean TBSA burned 12% (SD10%) and mortality rate 11.4%. No surgery-related mortality or life-threatening complications were observed. Skin grafting was performed on 29 patients at a delayed stage (median 23 days, IQR 15-47). Complications of skin grafts included partial (25% of procedures) and complete graft necrosis (8% of procedures). The mean time to reepithelialization was 52 (SD 42) days after admission. Disability and quality of life improved from admission to 3 months after injury (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively).Conclusion: In this resource-limited setting patients presented after a delay and with multiple complications. The mortality during the first two weeks after admission was high. Surgery was found to be safe and effective. A significant improvement in disability and quality of life was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Multiple search platforms (e.g. social media) are key to locating participants. • Quickly following up with missed interviews will increase the retention rate. • On-the-ground canvassing is a useful approach when all other methods have failed. • It is important to develop tailored approaches to track hard-to-reach participants. • The team facilitated 735 interviews compared to 370 interviews completed before. Retaining study participants over time is essential for longitudinal studies to prevent selection bias and to achieve their long-term goals. The present paper examines the extent to which participants can be retained in a 30-year longitudinal study when a multi-pronged approach is employed. The paper specifically describes the approach that was used to locate and interview participants of the Chicago Longitudinal Study (CLS), three decades after the study began. The CLS is a prospective cohort investigation that examines the effects of the Child–Parent Center (CPC) program, a school-based intervention for low-income children from preschool through 3rd grade. The original CLS sample included a complete cohort of 1539 children who were born in low-income areas in 1979–1980 and attended kindergarten in 1985–1986 at Chicago Public Schools. The CLS conducted a follow-up survey when participants were approximately age 35. After relatively slow initial progress, CLS researchers developed a comprehensive strategy to locate and interview participants, including: (a) adoption of detailed, manualized tracking protocol, (b) utilization of multiple search platforms, ranging from public search engines to social media, (c) assistance from state correctional facilities, and (d) neighborhood canvassing and in-person interviews. This tracking and interview process facilitated 735 completed interviews within 27 months, compared to 370 completed interviews in the 32 months prior to the launch of the comprehensive tracking protocol. Altogether, 1105 interviews were conducted, representing an effective completion rate of 76.5%. Recommendations for strengthening response rates in other longitudinal studies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is thought to be a risk factor for postpartum depression (PPD), but results from studies examining the association have been mixed. To estimate the association between pre-pregnancy history of PMS and development of PPD and evaluate the risk of bias of included evidence. PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and reference lists of relevant papers were searched. Observational studies that collected pre-pregnancy history of PMS and measured PPD status between one week and one year after delivery were included. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Random-effect models were used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Small study effect was analysed by funnel plot. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Instrument for Non-Randomized Studies of Exposures (ROBINS-E). Our meta-analysis included 19 studies. Overall, women with a pre-pregnancy history of PMS had more than double the odds of PPD compared to those without PMS (OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.81–2.68). However, the quality of evidence was low: five studies had moderate risk, eleven studies had serious risk, and three studies had critical risk of bias. Current evidence supports a significant association between history of PMS and development of PPD. Well-designed prospective studies are needed to further investigate this relationship. • PMS may be a risk factor for postpartum depression, but with mixed findings to date. • This study synthesised evidence from papers published in English and Chinese. • From meta-analysis a positive association between the two conditions was identified. • Women with a history of PMS had double the odds of developing postpartum depression. • Good-quality prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper outlines the common statistical methods used to analyze four types of observational study: ecological studies, cross-sectional studies, case–control studies and cohort studies. Three statistical methods are considered in detail: correlation coefficients, t-tests for the difference between two means from independent samples and odds ratios. For each method, the need for the same four key outputs is highlighted: the measure of effect, its precision (95% confidence interval), its statistical significance (p-value) and its clinical significance (comparison to the minimum important difference). Where possible, this paper explains the derivation of measures of effect and statistical significance to help readers understand where the numbers come from. The paper also highlights other important aspects of analyzing the quantitative data collected in an observational study, potential biases to consider, and good practice in reporting. Examples from relevant pediatric studies are used where appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To clarify whether endoscopic plantar fascia release is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. Secondary goals were a. to compare the clinical outcome between EPFR and non-operative treatment and b. to describe the various EPFR surgical approaches and their outcomes.Materials and Methods: Two reviewers (MM and EBC) independently conducted the search using the MEDLINE/PubMed database. This database was queried with the terms 'endoscopic plantar fascia release' and 'endoscopic plantar fasciotomy'. To maximize the search, backward chaining of reference lists from retrieved papers was also undertaken.Results: From the initial 63 studies we finally chose and assessed 15 studies which were eligible to our inclusion-exclusion criteria. A total number of 535 patients (576 feet) were reported, with a slightly higher female rate. The vast majority of the studies were case series (66.7% of all), while two papers were randomized controlled trials (13.3%), two were case control studies (13.3%), and one was cohort study (6.7%). The overall quality of the studies included in this review, as it was evaluated according to the GRADE Working Group guidelines, was low, while it ranged from very low to high. All studies showed that the postoperative clinical and functional subjective scores were significantly improved with the use of EPFR. Overall, the postoperative complications' rate was 11.0%. The most common complications which were recorded were persistent heel pain (5.6%), paresthesias or numbness (4.3%), soft tissue healing problems (1.7%), and superficial infection (0.4%).Conclusions: There was weak evidence to support that endoscopic plantar fascia release was safe and effective for the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Longitudinal data shows how intangible resources facilitate and guide household disaster recovery. • Impacts to intangible resources or emotional geographies of home should be counted as disaster loss. • Actors on multiple scales shape households' agency to maintain and recover intangible resources. • People experience belonging and attachment, alienation and detachment from home during environmental crisis. • Women disproportionately experience the adverse impacts of environmental crises on their sense of home. There are many strategies and models that attempt to measure the impacts and losses from environmental crises. However, there remains a conceptual and methodological bias as assessments provide estimates of tangible and quantifiable indicators, whilst impact to intangible resources that are not easily quantifiable remain a significant oversight in disaster studies more specifically, and sustainability research more broadly. In this paper we use in-depth longitudinal qualitative data to theoretically and empirically demonstrate how intangible resources shape people's experience of so-called "natural" disasters. Building on this, we critically unpack how intangible resources facilitate household disaster recovery. We focus on home – an intangible resource – in order to explore these issues. The case study in Puerto Rico shows that the social characteristics of home are challenged, transformed, and/or exacerbated in different ways, and at different times, in post-disaster contexts. Our longitudinal approach reveals how people's feelings of belonging and attachment, alienation and detachment from home, fluctuate over time. In this way, the paper sheds light on how intangible resources are experienced temporally and spatially. The paper also reveals that the performance of actors such as the State and Non-governmental organisations significantly shape how intangible resources such as home are transformed, and households' agency to maintain and recover such intangibles in post-disaster contexts. The analysis directly challenges the skewed and reductive hierarchies of what counts as a disaster loss. This is an innately political endeavour because it aims to develop strategic decision-making, from preparedness to recovery, that is sustainable for affected populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration hypothesis is the proposal that individuals who engage in both their heritage culture and in the larger society (by using the integration strategy) have better psychological adaptation than those using other strategies (by engaging with only one or neither cultural framework). This hypothesis has received substantial support over the years, but it has been recently contested by Bierwiaczonek and Kunst (2021). In their paper, which contributed new meta-analytic evidence, including some based on longitudinal studies, they argue that there is limited support for the role of acculturation strategies in adaptation and that contextual factors are more important than acculturation strategies for adaptation. Our paper shows that their correlational meta-analysis underestimates the integration-adaptation effect size, and that findings from the longitudinal meta-analysis do not appropriately support their claim. We present empirical findings in support of the integration hypothesis, particularly for positive indicators of adaptation (e.g., life satisfaction, self-esteem), and examine additional moderators using multilevel analyses of three multinational datasets: Nguyen and Benet-Martínez's (2013) meta-analytic data, the MIRIPS dataset (Berry et al., 2022), and the ICSEY dataset (Berry et al., 2006). As a result, our study represents the largest test of the integration hypothesis to date. We complement these findings with theoretical work, relevant evidence from qualitative studies, and other meta-analyses and narrative reviews. • Largest evaluation of the integration hypothesis to date, covering an extensive three multinational datasets. • Empirical evidence supports a positive association between the integration strategy and adaptation. • Meta-regression analysis identifies moderating factors in the integration-adaptation relationship. • Stronger effect sizes observed for positive indicators of adaptation, such as life satisfaction and self-esteem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Under repeated loading, the boundary displacement between the elastic stage and the elastoplastic stage of longitudinal resistance of fasteners gradually increases, the maximum resistance decreases at the plastic stage. • Under repeated loading, the accumulated longitudinal residual displacement of turnout rails on ramp lines increases rapidly in the early stage, and then the growth gradually slows down and eventually stabilizes. • This paper proposes a method for analyzing the longitudinal rail creep at turnouts on steep ramps that can take into account the repeated action of realistic vehicle braking loads and the degradation effect of fastener resistance. • Full-scale experiment of the longitudinal rail creep at turnouts on steep ramps under repeated loading was carried out. Turnouts on steep ramps are subject to both temperature loads and frequent vehicle braking loads, which may lead to an accumulation of excessive residual longitudinal rail displacement, thereby leading to turnout service failure and threatening vehicle operation safety. In this paper, the following research work was carried out to study the longitudinal rail creep at turnouts on steep ramps: Experiments were conducted to investigate the longitudinal resistance characteristics of fasteners under repeated loading, and based on the experiment results, an MBS-FE simulation model was established for the longitudinal rail creep at turnouts on steep ramps, with real vehicle braking loads and fastener resistance degradation taken into consideration in the model. The change law for longitudinal displacement of turnout rails caused by temperature load and frequent vehicle braking load was studied based on the model. A full-scale experiment was then conducted on the longitudinal rail creep at turnouts on steep ramps under repeated loading conditions in order to verify the results of the simulation. A comprehensive and in-depth study of the longitudinal rail creep at turnouts on steep ramps impacted by repeated loading was conducted through the combination of theoretical analysis and experiment. The following conclusions were drawn: The longitudinal resistance of fasteners displays typical nonlinear characteristics and degrades under repeated loading, these characteristics lead to an obvious accumulation of residual longitudinal displacement of turnout rails on steep ramps under repeated loading, and the increment of residual longitudinal displacement of turnout rails reaches a maximum after the first loading–unloading cycle, and with the increase of the number of load action, the accumulated longitudinal residual displacement of turnout rails increases rapidly in the early stage, and then the growth gradually slows down and eventually stabilizes. The simulation results were found to be very similar to the full-scale experiment results, verifying the accuracy of the analytical model established in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine whether a musculoskeletal curriculum involving gamification via Kahoot! (an online classroom response system) was acceptable and more effective at teaching pediatric residents musculoskeletal knowledge and skills than a nongamified curriculum. Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted at an urban, academic pediatric clinic. All participants received a curriculum that included brief didactics and knowledge questions. The knowledge questions were delivered via Kahoot! to the intervention group and administered via paper to the control group. The primary outcome was knowledge and skill acquisition following curriculum participation. Results: A total of 73 of 85 (86%) residents completed the study (intervention group: 46; control group: 27). Following participation in the curriculum, intervention and control residents demonstrated an improvement in musculoskeletal knowledge (P < .05) measured via questionnaire, as well as an improvement in physical exam skills during a standardized patient encounter (P < .05). There was no difference in knowledge or skill improvement between groups. Intervention participants indicated positive attitudes toward Kahoot!. Conclusions: Our musculoskeletal curriculum demonstrated improvements in knowledge and skills among residents, though inclusion of Kahoot! did not enhance the experimental effect. Further research is needed to identify strategies to optimize gamification for learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le 31 mars 2021 est paru au Journal Officiel un décret relatif aux modalités de remise des certificats médicaux aux victimes de violences. Celles-ci peuvent désormais obtenir une copie du certificat réalisé par le médecin requis par les autorités judiciaires, ce qui concerne particulièrement le médecin légiste. L'objectif de notre étude était d'évaluer la demande de copie de certificats médico-légaux dans les premiers temps d'application de ce décret. Il s'agissait d'une étude prospective menée auprès de trois services de médecine légale recevant des victimes en consultation, au moyen d'un questionnaire papier couplé aux données issues de Medlé, sur une période de trois mois. Sur les 1492 consultations réalisées durant la période d'étude, une copie du certificat n'a été remise à la victime que dans 13,1 % des consultations. Elle était demandée spontanément par la victime dans 15,2 % des cas, le plus souvent pour exercer ses droits (46,4 %). Il s'agissait principalement de consultations suite à un accident, à des violences psychologiques et à des coups et blessures. Cette copie était demandée spontanément par moins de 3 % des victimes de violences conjugales. Une certaine disparité existait entre les trois centres concernant le mineur victime. Cette étude porte sur un faible échantillon sur une période courte. L'information des victimes, notamment de violences conjugales, sur l'accès à la copie du certificat médico-légal apparaît encore insuffisante, et le principe de remise, s'il peut aider la victime dans ses démarches, peut également être source de confusions. On 31 March 2021, a decree was published in the Official Journal concerning the procedures for the delivery of medical certificates to victims of violence. These victims can now obtain a copy of the certificate drafted by the doctor required by the judicial authorities, particularly as regards medical examiners. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of the March 31, 2021 decree on victims' requests to the medical examiner for a copy of the medical certificate. This prospective study was conducted among three forensic services receiving victims in consultation, using a paper questionnaire linked to Medlé data, over a three-month period. Of the 1,492 consultations conducted during the study period, a copy of the certificate was only given to the victim in 13.1 % of the consultations. It was requested spontaneously by the victim in 15.2 % of cases, most often to exercise his right (46.4 %). These were primarily consultations following an accident, psychological abuse, and assault. This copy was requested spontaneously by less than 3 % of victims of domestic violence. There was some disparity between the three centres regarding the minor victim. This study is a small sample over a short period. The information of the victims, especially of domestic violence, on access to the copy of the medical-legal certificate seems still insufficient, and the principle of surrender, when it can help the victim in his efforts, can also be a source of confusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies indicate an association between immunosuppression for immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and impaired survival in patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors. Whether this is related to corticosteroids or second-line immunosuppressants is unknown. In the largest cohort thus far, we assessed the association of immunosuppressant type and dose with survival in melanoma patients with irAEs. Patients with advanced melanoma who received immunosuppressants for irAEs induced by first-line anti-PD-1 ± anti-CTLA-4 were included from 18 hospitals worldwide. Associations of cumulative and peak dose corticosteroids and use of second-line immunosuppression with survival from start of immunosuppression were assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression. Among 606 patients, 404 had anti-PD-1 + anti-CTLA-4-related irAEs and 202 had anti-PD-1-related irAEs. 425 patients (70 %) received corticosteroids only; 181 patients (30 %) additionally received second-line immunosuppressants. Median PFS and OS from starting immunosuppression were 4.5 (95 %CI 3.4–8.1) and 31 (95 %CI 15-not reached) months in patients who received second-line immunosuppressants, and 11 (95 %CI 9.4–14) and 55 (95 %CI 41–not reached) months in patients who did not. High corticosteroid peak dose was associated with worse PFS and OS (HR adj 1.14; 95 %CI 1.01–1.29; HR adj 1.29; 95 %CI 1.12–1.49 for 80vs40mg), while cumulative dose was not. Second-line immunosuppression was associated with worse PFS (HR adj 1.32; 95 %CI 1.02–1.72) and OS (HR adj 1.34; 95 %CI 0.99–1.82) compared with corticosteroids alone. High corticosteroid peak dose and second-line immunosuppressants to treat irAEs are both associated with impaired survival. While immunosuppression is indispensable for treatment of severe irAEs, clinicians should weigh possible detrimental effects on survival against potential disadvantages of undertreatment. irAE guidelines advise starting with 1-2 mg/kg prednisone for most ≥grade 3 irAEs. Previous papers suggest that immunosuppression for irAEs impairs survival. Whether this is due to steroid dose or second-line immunosuppression is unknown. We show that both steroid peak dose and second-line immunosuppression are associated with survival. This suggest that it may be better to start with lower steroid doses whenever possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Reducing modifiable risk factors could prevent the onset of cognitive decline. • Physical multimorbidity–cognitive function association was mediated by depression. • Routine screening for depression in multimorbidity patient may delay dementia onset. This paper explores the role of depressive symptoms (mediator/moderator) in the association between physical multimorbidity (exposure) and cognitive function (outcome) among older adults in the three most populous middle-income countries. This study used cross-sectional data from China (2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study), India (2017/2018 Longitudinal Ageing Study in India), and Indonesia (2014/2015 Indonesian Family Life Survey), with a total sample of 73,199 respondents aged ≥ 45 years. Three domains of cognitive tests were harmonised across surveys, including time orientation, word recall, and numeracy. The four-way decomposition analysis assessed the mediation and interaction effects between exposure, mediator/moderator, and outcome, adjusted for covariates. The mean age of the respondents (in years) was slightly younger in Indonesia (56.0, SD = 8.8) than in China (59.5, SD = 9.3) and India (60.0, SD = 10.5). The proportion of male respondents was 49.3 % in China, 47.3 % in India, and 47.5 % in Indonesia. Respondents in China had the highest mean cognitive function z scores (54.7, SD = 19.9), followed by India (51.1, SD = 20.0) and Indonesia (51.0, SD = 18.4). Physical multimorbidity was associated with lower cognitive function in China and India (p < 0.0001), with 48.4 % and 40.0 % of the association explained by the mediating effect of depressive symptoms ('overall proportion due to mediation'). The association was not found in Indonesia. Cognitive functions were lower among individuals with physical multimorbidity, and depressive symptoms mainly explained the association. Addressing depressive symptoms among persons with physical multimorbidity is likely to have not only an impact on their mental health but could prevent cognitive decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In November 2022, the anti-abortion advocacy group Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Food and Drug Administration challenging the initial 2000 approval of mifepristone and its subsequent approvals, which removed unnecessary restrictions on its use, by disputing the medication's safety record. Such challenges relied on a study examining the incidence of emergency room visits following medication abortion with mifepristone and procedural abortion using Medicaid claims data from 1999–2015. In February 2024 that study was retracted by its publisher. In this paper, we analyzed the methods and presentations of the data used in the study. We drew upon commonly accepted principles in responsible epidemiologic and scientific research to evaluate the methods and presentations of the data and organized our findings into themes. We found multiple instances of methodological flaws, mischaracterizations, and obfuscations of data in this study, including use of a misleading research question and framing, analytic flaws, inappropriate use of an unvalidated proxy measure for outcomes of interest, and inappropriate and deceptive visualizations of data. In each instance, the resulting effect obfuscated and misrepresented the safety of medication abortion with mifepristone. The misrepresentation and exaggeration of data promoted and exacerbated misinterpretations about the study's findings, resulting in substantial harm before it was retracted. Recognizing that ongoing judicial proceedings threaten access to conventional reproductive health care in the United States, public health policies must be informed by scientific and medical literature that is comprehensive, methodologically sound, and absent any obfuscations or misrepresentations. Studnicki et al.'s study of emergency room visits after abortion misrepresented the safety of mifepristone with multiple instances of methodological flaws and obfuscations of data. While the study has now been retracted, it led to irrevocable harm, threatening access to medication abortion, which has an established safety record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of the widespread trend of e-book adoption by U.S. academic libraries, interlibrary loan (ILL) of e-books is significantly lagging behind because of license agreement restrictions, unstandardized platforms, library policies, and technological barriers. More recently, the long-cherished tradition of ILL has been further challenged, because an increasing number of academic libraries are adopting user-based e-book purchasing models that have the potential to bypass ILL. This paper compares the findings of two longitudinal surveys on e-book ILL practices in U.S. academic libraries, based on random sampling. The results from inferential statistical analyses reveal that, while inter-library lending of entire e-books is seldom practiced and shows no growth, e-book chapter ILL is becoming more prevalent in U.S. academic libraries. Librarians have grown more knowledgeable about licensing and technological issues, but their perceptions of these barriers are mixed. The study also shows that larger institutions are more likely to perform e-book ILL services, and their librarians tend to be more positive about the future of e-book ILL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the optimal design of time point allocation in repeated measurements experiments with applications to longitudinal studies. Most design literature mainly focus on the estimation of the mean responses of each subject whereas we try to find the design that aids the estimation of both the mean and the correlation structures of longitudinal observations. Our design criterion also takes into account the missing data issue, which is very common in practice. Instead of the local optimal design approach, which relies on a good guess of the unknown parameter, we adopt the Bayesian optimal design approach to protect for the parameter uncertainty. To allow for operational errors such as time delays, we discuss the sampling windows which allow flexibility in timing the data collection. In other words, our design is robust against the missingness, parameter uncertainty, and operational errors. Simulation studies and a real data analysis are carried out to demonstrate the proposed criterion as well as the resulting designs. • Robust optimal designs perform well against missingness for mean–covariance models. • Symmetrization brings better performance if missing probability is origin-symmetric. • Bayesian optimal designs are robust against parameter uncertainty. • Sampling windows allow flexibility in data collection with guaranteed efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to review the utility of I- gel as a successful airway management device for infants with Pierre robin sequence (PRS) undergoing glossopexy. A prospective study was conducted on PRS neonates. The algorithm followed was putting a 'Tongue traction stitch' followed by the following sequence – two trials with direct laryngoscope intubation, two attempts with fiberoptic endoscope intubation followed by insertion of I-gel™ to manage difficult airway during glossopexy procedure. 6 patients were intubated with direct laryngoscope, 12 patients were intubated with fibreoptic endoscope and the rest 13 patients were intubated using I-gel™. Successful management of difficult airway was achieved with this airway management protocol during glossopexy and nil postoperative complications were encountered. Within the limitations of the study it seems that, I-gel™ is a relevant alternative toprovide a reliable and secure airway access to carry out glossopexy procedure in such patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High ambient temperature can add to the high risk in construction industry. • This study assessed the effects of high ambient temperature on workers performance. • A sample of 120 construction workers participated, 60 in Summer and 60 in Winter. • Task battery performance was significantly lower in Summer than in Winter. • Accident data showed an increasing trend in Summer months. • Fatigue due to high ambient temperature in Summer is thought to be the cause. Introduction: The construction industry is known to be of high-risk when compared to other industries. Ambient temperature can also exacerbate this risk, where hot weather conditions can lead to increased physical and mental fatigue, reduced performance, slower reactions and more human errors. Yet this issue is rarely researched objectively. This paper describes a longitudinal empirical study that aimed to assess how high ambient temperatures affect construction workers performance. Method: A sample of 120 randomly selected workers (age range 22–35 years) from a large construction company in Dubai participated in this study. Since construction workers performance cannot be directly measured due to the nature of work involved, performance of 60 participants was measured on a task battery involving single reaction time and choice reaction time in summer months before starting work and 5.5 h after starting work. Then the same procedure was repeated on 60 workers in winter months. Accident reports for one full year within the same company were also collected and analyzed. Results: Results show that performance on both tasks before starting work was significantly lower in summer than in winter months possibly due to accumulated fatigue resulting from the high ambient temperature in summer. Results also show that performance on both tasks significantly deteriorated during the first 5.5 h of work to a greater extent in summer months than in winter months. Results also indicate that accidents showed an increasing trend in summer months. Conclusions: Accumulated fatigue due to high ambient temperature in Summer is thought to cause this drop in performance and increase in accidents. Practical implications: Based on the findings, recommendations to enhance construction workers performance and reduce accidents are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]