Search

Highlights • A dynamic equilibrium model is constructed for the closed-loop supply chain network. • The demands and returns are uncertain and time-dependent. • Dynamic equilibrium condition is constructed by evolutionary variational inequality. • The equilibrium decisions are strongly affected by the time-dependent demands. Abstract In this paper, we develop a dynamic equilibrium model of oligopolistic closed-loop supply chain network to account for the seasonality of demand. In this model, demands and returns are uncertain and time-dependent. The dynamic Cournot-Nash equilibrium of the oligopolistic network is constructed by evolutionary variational inequality and projected dynamical systems. The existence and monotonicity results are established and a computational method is developed for finding the dynamic Cournot-Nash equilibrium. Numerical examples are solved to illustrate the performance of our model. The results show that the firms' optimal production and transaction quantities are strongly affected by the time-dependent demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • This paper constructs an equilibrium model of a multi-period supply chain network. • This paper incorporates retailers' dynamic loss-averse behaviors into the model. • This paper studies the effect of dynamic loss-averse behaviors on the decisions. • The decisions include production quantities, transaction quantities, and prices. Abstract This study constructs an equilibrium model of a multi-period supply chain network with uncertain demand. In the multi-period equilibrium model, we consider not only retailers' static loss-averse behaviors, but also their dynamic loss-averse behaviors, in which retailers dynamically adjust their loss-averse parameters according to their gains or losses over the production periods. The equilibrium conditions of the various decision makers and the network are established by the finite-dimensional variational inequality. Finally, numerical examples are solved to show how retailers' loss-averse behaviors would affect decisions, profits of manufacturers and utilities of retailers at equilibrium when compared with their loss-neutral behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers a production model involving a manufacturer that uses two different technologies, the green technology and the standard technology. The green product produced by the green technology can be used as a substitute for the traditional product produced by the standard technology, but not vice versa. Three models are considered. The first model concerns with product substitution only and serves as a benchmark model for the next two models, the carbon emission allowance model and the carbon emission trading model. The second model extends the product substitution model by imposing an upper limit on the total carbon emission allowance for each firm. The third model extends the second model to cater for carbon emission trading. For the carbon emission allowance model, analytical result shows that the optimal production quantity of any product depends on both its total carbon emission allowance quota and its unit carbon emission profit, and the effect of substitution improves the service level, the expected profit of the manufacturer, and the green of product mix. For the carbon emission trading model, analytical result shows that whenever the production quantity of any product is optimal, the marginal profit of production (i.e. the additional profit obtained by producing an extra item) should be equal to the unit price of carbon emission trading within the market. Moreover, the optimal policy of either model reduces the total amount of carbon emission, thus producing less pollution to the environment. Lastly, the optimal profits obtained by using the carbon emission trading model are larger than the corresponding optimal profits obtained by using the carbon emission allowance model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper develops an integrated single-vendor multi-buyer inventory-transportation synchronized supply chain model. In this paper, the decisions of truck assignment and routing are also considered and as a result, a series of vehicle routing problems (VRP) are required to be solved. Due to the highly complicated objective function and the NP -hard VRP problems, the problem cannot be solved analytically. Hence, meta-heuristics are proposed. By means of the numerical examples and a case study, the meta-heuristics developed are shown to be very effective in solving such comprehensive supply chain models, and the results so obtained are promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]