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In this work, a hybrid method combining interparticle-potential multiphase LBM, finite difference method and characteristic-line wetting scheme, is developed for pore-scale simulation of superheated vapor displacing liquid, driven by gravity, in a porous geometry. The influence of injected vapor superheat, surface wettability and gravity on two-phase displacement and heat transfer processes is investigated. Results show that in thermal displacement, the vapor-liquid interface is unstable and trapped liquid blobs gradually evaporate into vapor. At low vapor superheat degrees, the displacement efficiency, as compared to isothermal displacement, is significantly improved, but it reduces as the vapor superheat degree rises due to the shift of displacement patterns. At all contact angles considered, the displacement always exhibits viscous fingering, although vapor flowpaths become wider with increasing surface wettability. The final vapor saturation is insensitive to surface wettability, but reducing contact angle leads to a less even temperature distribution inside vapor and a decrease in final average vapor temperature. In addition, increasing gravity is found to reduce vapor front temperature, but it almost has no effect on final average vapor temperature because the final average vapor temperature does not only depend on specific interfacial length but also on fingering number and inlet flow rate. • A hybrid method is developed for superheated vapor flooding in porous media. • The effect of vapor superheat degree, surface wettability and gravity is studied. • The displacement efficiency first rises and then falls with vapor superheat degree. • Decreasing contact angle leads to less even temperature distribution inside vapor. • The injection of superheated vapor is found to enhance interface instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate thermolysis kinetics and identify degradation compounds, alliin solutions were heated at 60, 80, and 89 °C. The degradation compounds of alliin were identified by high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and ultra-pressure liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC–HRMS). The results showed that the thermal degradation kinetic of alliin could be described by a first-order reaction and k = 4.38 × 10 17 exp (−142494/RT), where k is the reaction rate constant, min −1 ; R is gas constant; T is the absolute temperature, K. Degraded compounds, including S-allyl- l -cysteine and ethers, such as allyl alanine disulfide, allyl alanine trisulfide, allyl alanine tetrasulfide, dialanine disulfide (cysteine), dialanine trisulfide and dialanine tetrasulfide, were identified by HPLC–MS, MS/MS and UPLC–HRMS. Allyl alanine tetrasulfide was identified for the first time in alliin. The results show that alliin is unstable and significant numbers of organosulfur compounds are generated under high temperature treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three pehtze stages in sufu production were characterized by high enzyme activities. • Four aging stages in sufu production were characterized by the presence of diverse targeted volatile compounds. • Protease and esterase were strongly correlated with most of the targeted volatile compounds. • Esterase contributed to the formation of three high molecular weight esters. Dynamic changes and correlations between physicochemical properties, 14 targeted volatile compounds (TVCs) and six groups of enzyme activities during eight production stages of naturally fermented plain sufu were explored. Multiple factor analysis was used to discriminate between and group the samples into three clusters: cluster I comprised tofu and pehtze; cluster II comprised dried pehtze and salted pehtze; cluster III involved the aging stages. Clusters I and II were characterised by higher enzyme activities, while cluster III was characterised by the presence of diverse TVCs. Protease and esterase were strongly correlated with most of the TVCs. Esterase, in particular, contributed to the formation of three high molecular weight esters, namely, ethyl dodecanoate, ethyl (Z)-9-octadecenoate and ethyl (Z , Z)-9,12-octadecadienoate. The enzymes found contributed to the texture and flavour of naturally fermented sufu and will provide a good guide and control for using the enzymes directly to ripen sufu products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate prediction of renewable energy generation acts as a critical role which not only provides short-term power generation in the future, but also facilitates scheduling and pre-configuration of energy storage systems. More importantly, the power generation prediction is of great significance to the demand response management (DRM) of renewable energy to participate in the electricity spot market. Therefore, DRM helps improve the stability and reliability of renewable energy systems. This paper presents a novel prediction-smoothing based methodology to reduce and eliminate the influence caused by the uncertainty of renewable energy output. Firstly, the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is combined with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to predict short-term wind power output. Then, the Hampel-Butterworth-SG filtering strategy with outlier regression and specific risk band elimination is introduced. After that, according to the short-term output forecast results, the scheduling and pre-configuration scheme of peak-filling type energy storage is developed. Finally, based on the predicted renewable energy output and electricity price, the dynamic changes of demand response (DR) are calculated based on Logistics function, optimistic response and pessimistic response factors. Through extensive case studies, it is demonstrated that the assessment deviations in different scenarios is less than 5%, which are 0.64% for Scenario 1 and 3.64% for Scenario 2, and no additional penalty is required at this time. In addition, the proposed Demand Response Load Adjustment Rate (DRLAR) help compare the differences between predicted and actual DR, which are DRLAR = 0.03% in Scenario 1 and DRLAR = 0.01% in Scenario 2. Users are able to adjust the DR dynamically according to the electricity price to realize the optimal scheduling of their renewable resources. The proposed methodology creates a special connection between DRM and renewable energy prediction, which provides a reliable reference for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important in cancer biology. In this study, we analyzed differentially expressed genes in CD34 + hematopoietic cells and identified a novel lncRNA, H22954, which was down-regulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. In cultured AML cells and mouse xenograft models, H22954 expression inhibited cell proliferation and tumor growth, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis and RNA antisense purification assay indicated that H22954 targeted the 3' untranslated region of the BCL2 gene. In luciferase assays, H22954 expression inhibited BCL2 expression. In transfected K562 cells and mouse xenograft tumors, H22954 overexpression reduced BCL-2 protein levels and promoted cell death. In AML patients, H22954 expression inversely correlated with BCL-2 protein levels in bone marrow cells, blast cell numbers and disease prognosis. These results indicate that H22954 is a novel regulator of BCL-2 and that reduced H22954 expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AML. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background BCL11A encodes a C2H2 type zinc-finger protein. During normal haematopoietic cell differentiation BCL11A expression is down-regulated. Data in mice suggest up-regulation of BCL11A is involved in the pathogenesis of myeloid leukaemias. BCL11A expression in persons with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is not systematically studied. Objective Interrogate associations between BCL11A expression at diagnosis and clinical and laboratory valuables and outcomes in newly-diagnosed persons with AML. Methods We determined BCL11A mRNA levels in bone marrow and blood mononuclear cells in 292 consecutive newly-diagnosed subjects with AML by reverse transcript and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were compared to mRNA levels in bone marrow cells of normals. Results Subjects with BCL11A transcript levels at diagnosis exceeding the median value of 2.434 (±3.423 SD; 25th–75th inter-quartile range, 1.33–4.29) had higher WBC levels, a greater proportion of bone marrow myeloblasts, were more likely to be FAB M 0 subtype, less likely to be FAB M 3 subtype, more likely to be in the intermediate cytogenetic risk cohort, less likely to have a complex karyotype and more likely to have DNMT3A R882 and FLT3 -ITD mutations than subjects with transcript levels below the median value. In 89 subjects receiving conventional induction chemotherapy the complete remission rate was 54% (95% confidence interval [CI]; 33, 75%) in the lower BCL11A cohort and 65% (45, 85%; P = 0.26) in the higher BCL11A cohort. 3 year survival was 33% (2, 65%) in the lower BCL11A cohort and 15% (0, 39%; P = 0.35) in the high BCL11A cohort. Conclusion BCL11A transcript levels at diagnosis was significantly associated with several clinical and laboratory variables. There were also non-significant associations with complete remission rate and survival. These data suggest a possible role for BCL11A expression in AML biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory behaviors of chromosome 3 abnormalities by analyzing the morphological, cytogenetic, and follow-up data from 300 patients of various hematological malignancies with chromosome 3 abnormalities. From the results, trisomy 3, translocation (3q), and del(3) were the abnormal types most frequently observed (>10%) among the chromosome 3 abnormalities. In hematological malignancies, chromosome 3 abnormalities were most frequently seen in the patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (24.7%) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (16%), followed by those with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (13.7%) and multiple myeloma (MM) (12.7%). In this series, genomic losses were the most frequent genetic abnormalities in AML, ALL, and hybrid acute leukemia (HAL) patients, whereas structural rearrangements were frequently seen in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and MDS patients, and genomic gains in MM, lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Chromosome 3 abnormalities mainly occurred as a component of a complex abnormality (251/300) rather than a sole one (14/300). Survival analysis demonstrated a statistical difference between the patients with trisomy 3, who had a better prognosis, and patients with del(3), who had a worse prognosis in this series ( P < 0.05). Abnormalities in chromosome 3 may imply an unfavorable outcome in CML and ALL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]