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The fatigue resistance of pseudo-ternary single crystal 0.22Pb(In 1/2 Nb 1/2)O 3 -0.53Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3)O 3 -0.25PbTiO 3 (PIMNT) is tested by a "two-step poling process" – alternate current poling (ACP) with different cycles followed by direct current poling (DCP). The remnant polarization of the hysteresis loop decreases significantly and then does not change, and the coercive field raises with increasing polarization cycles. However, the two-step poling process contributes to the optimization and stability of fatigue resistance. Before 700 cycles, the piezoelectric constant d 33 of the crystal is obviously promoted compared with the conventional DCP sample of d 33 = 2200 pC/N, which increases by 40.9%–3100 pC/N, while the average thickness mode electromechanical coupling coefficient K t remains at 0.518. With the increase in number of polarization cycles, the d 33 and K t are larger and more stable than for the ACP only sample. This improvement is due to nanoscale denser and smaller domains induced by the two-step poling process. • Two-step poling process gives single-crystal PIMNT good performance, stability and fatigue resistance. • Before 700 cycles, the process increases d 33 from 2200 to 3100 pC/N and average K t remains at 0.518 • The d 33 and K t of PIMNT after this process are larger and more stable than single AC aging. • The process reduces domain size to nanoscale and domains become denser and smaller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temperature stability and temperature stability range of barium titanate-based pulse energy-storage ceramics were modified by Bi 2 O 3 tailoring in (Ba 0.98- x Li 0.02 Bi x) (Mg 0·04 Ti 0.96)O 3 (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1) and (Ba 1.03-1.5 x Li 0.02 Bi x) (Mg 0·04 Ti 0.96)O 3 (x = 0.125, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25) ceramics. Excellent pulse energy-storage performances of ceramic films are achieved via the new dual priority strategy of establishing cationic vacancies and forming a liquid phase. The dielectric constant plateau appears due to the cubic phase and space charges. Outstanding temperature stability, frequency stability and antifatigue performance are obtained in the ceramics, and their variations are all less than 15%. The comprehensive energy-storage properties with dual priority parameters of energy-storage density and efficiency of 3.13 J/cm3 and 91.71%, accompanied by an excellent pulse discharge energy density of 2.48 J/cm3, current density of 1313.23 A/cm2 and power density of 195.26 MW/cm3 are gained at x = 0.1. The perfect pulse energy-storage performances as well as ultrahigh stability are correlated with synergistic effects of multiphase coexistence, cubic phase, liquid-phase sintering, grain size, ceramic resistance, space charges and polar nanoregions. The comprehensive parameters indicate that the (Ba 0·88 Li 0·02 Bi 0.1) (Mg 0·04 Ti 0.96)O 3 ceramics have potential application in high precision fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]