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Because of molecular heterogeneity in tumors, clinical outcomes of tumor treatment are not very satisfactory, and novel strategies are therefore needed to address this challenge. Combination therapy could efficiently enhance tumor treatment by stimulating multiple pathways, reducing the systemic toxicity of monotherapy, and regulating the tumor immune microenvironments. Herein, metal-organic framework MIL-100 (Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a microwave-assisted method, and oxaliplatin (OXA) and indocyanine green (ICG) were then loaded into hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified MIL-100 NPs to obtain multifunctional nanoparticles (OIMH NPs). The OIMH NPs exhibited sensitive photoacoustic imaging (PAI) for imaging-guided therapy and showed a good synergistic effect by combining chemotherapy with photothermal therapy (PTT) to kill tumor cells. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) and activation of T cells induced by the chemo-photothermal therapy could sensitize for immune checkpoint blockade (aPD-L1) response, thus eliciting systemic antitumor immunity. Finally, tumor inhibition was observed, which could be attributed to the combination of chemotherapy, PTT, and aPD-L1. On the basis of the study findings, an innovative imaging-mediated combined therapeutic strategy involving multifunctional NPs was proposed, which might potentially offer a new clinical treatment for colorectal cancer. The metal-organic framework-mediated chemo-photothermal therapy guided by photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an accurate and effective approach for tumor inhibition, which can synergistically achieve immunogenic cell death and lead to an increasing infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, thereby enhancing the sensitivity for immune checkpoint blockade (aPD-L1) therapy. This type of therapy can not only reduce the systemic toxicity caused by traditional treatment methods, but it can also solve the issue of low response of immune checkpoint blockade in colorectal cancer (CRC). Our study provides experimental evidence for using the combination of immunotherapy and chemo-photothermal therapy against CRC. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas-liquid two-phase flow is closely related to the production and transportation of energy industries. A flow pattern analysis and identification method based on multi-scale power spectral entropy (MPSE) with pseudo-image encoding (PIE) is proposed. The resistance sensor array is used to collect gas-liquid two-phase flow information from the vertical upward pipeline, and the data is dimensionally reduced to simplify analysis. The MPSE is derived from the power spectrum of reduced-dimensional sequences to characterize the frequency domain complexity of the flow system at different scales. The optimal scale for spectral entropy analysis is further calculated to investigate the transition mechanism of gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns. In addition, the PIE algorithm is used to map the power spectrum into two-dimensional grayscale images to visualize the differences in frequency domain features of flow patterns. Combined with the deep learning model ResNeXt, the flow patterns are classified and compared with the traditional identification scheme. Results show that the proposed method can reveal the dynamic evolution behavior of gas-liquid two-phase flow from the frequency domain and achieve accurate identification of the flow patterns. • Gas/liquid two-phase flow information is collected using a resistance sensor array. • The multi-scale power spectral entropy can effectively reveal the transition mechanism of flow patterns. • Pseudo-image encoding can highlight the differences in frequency domain features between flow patterns. • The ResNeXt model can well distinguish the four patterns of gas/liquid two-phase flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yttrium (Y) is the most abundant RE element in ion-adsorbed RE minerals. To realize the balanced and sustainable application of RE resources, some Y salts (YCl 3 , Y 2 (SO 4) 3 and Y(NO 3) 3) were used instead of (NH 4) 2 SO 4 and MgSO 4 as leachants to recover RE from ion-adsorbed RE minerals in this study. During the soak leaching process, when the cation concentration of the leachant is 0.05 mol/L, the leaching efficiency decreases from 59% to 37% in the order of Y3+>Mg2+>NH 4 +. The leaching rate increases with the increase of the concentration of the leachant. In the column leaching, at the concentration of 0.01 mol/L leachant, the final leaching rate of YCl 3 for non-Y RE is 55.6 3 %, while the leaching rate of Mg 2 SO 4 is only 30.78%. The effects of concentration and pH value of the leachant on the column leaching were studied. The optimum conditions were determined as follows: the solid-liquid ratio was 1:1, the pH value was 4, the concentration of YCl 3 was 0.03 mol/L, and the maximum leaching efficiency of non-Y RE was 100%. The absolute zeta potential of tailings after YCl 3 leaching is located in a strong agglomeration area, which is helpful to avoid landslides in goaf areas. This study shows that YCl 3 has excellent potential to leach RE instead of (NH 4) 2 SO 4. It provides a new choice to solve the environmental problems from ammonia-nitrogen pollution caused by industrial (NH 4) 2 SO 4 leaching. The leaching strategy of Y is helpful to protect RE resources, reduce environmental pollution and improve RE separation efficiency. [Display omitted] • The leaching of ion-adsorbed RE minerals with Yttrium salt is proposed. • Yttrium salt has better leaching effect than common leaching agents. • The leaching mechanism of Yttrium salt is investigated. • Some advantages in resources, environment and efficiency are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This meta-analysis was to further confirm the no inferiority of immediate loading in clinical and radiographic outcomes compared with non-immediate loadings (early or conventional loading). Materials and methods Literature search on Pubmed and Embase was performed up to August 2015. The overall risk radios (RRs) and standard mean differences (SMDs) as well as their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for comparison. Results Total 29 RCT with 1342 implants receiving immediate loading and 1279 implants receiving non-immediate loadings were included in this meta-analysis. Results indicated that there was no significant difference between immediate and non-immediate loadings in implant failure rate based on patients (RR = 1.45, 95% CI: 0.79 to 2.68) and implants (RR = 1.38, 95% CI: 0.86 to 2.21), MBL (SMD = −0.11, 95% CI: −0.39 to 0.17), and ISQ (SMD = −0.26, 95% CI: −0.53 to 0.01). Meanwhile, immediate loading showed significantly less MBL change than non-immediate loading. In addition, subgroup analyses showed that the immediate loading indicated slightly higher implant failure rate and lower ISQ than conventional loading. Conclusions Although overall analysis confirmed no inferiority of immediate loading compared with non-immediate loadings, the technique still need to be explored for improving implant success and stability during immediate loading based on the results in subgroup analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our purpose is to screen out medical history indicators and test indicators linked to lipid metabolism which is closely correlated to leukoaraiosis (LA), and to build assistant diagnosis model based on support vector machine (SVM), which provided theoretical evidence for genesis and development of LA. One thousand LA patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination in Imaging Department was retrospectively analyzed and divided into LA group and non-LA group in accordance with examination results. Detailed clinical statistics of the two groups were collected, including test indicators related to lipid metabolism, such as total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), medical history indicators, age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, history of intracranial infection, history of cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, lacunar infarction and relevant biochemical indexes. The study shows that patients’ incidence of LA was 31.10%; in accordance with Logistic analysis, the incidence of LA is significantly correlated to factors like age, hypertension, history of cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, lacunar infarction and triglyceride elevation; two SVMs, one including all variables and the other containing all screened variables were successfully established, and the former’s accuracy, specificity and sensitivity respectively were 85.0%, 85.0% and 85.0% while the latter’s 90.0%, 100.0% and 80.0%. Test indicators and medical history indicators of lipid metabolism correlated to LA were screened out successfully. Meanwhile, an effective SVM model also was built successfully, which is able to predict LA relatively accurately and can be used as assistant diagnostic tool for clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a representative of tumor immunotherapy, tumor vaccine can inhibit tumor growth by activating tumor-specific immune response, which has the advantages of relatively low toxicity and high efficiency, and has attracted much attention in recent years. However, there are still difficulties in how to effectively deliver tumor vaccines in vivo and make them work efficiently. It is a relatively mature method to load tumor specific antigens with suitable carriers to produce tumor vaccines. Here, a generally minimalist construction method of tumor nanovaccine was developed. A high-efficiency tumor nanovaccine (NV) was prepared in one step by a biomineralization-like method, which contained ovalbumin (OVA, model antigen), unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG, adjuvant) and Mn-NP (carrier and adjuvant). NV not only showed good tumor preventive effect, but also could successfully inhibited tumor development and metastasis when combined with anti-PD-L1, and induced long-term immune memory effect. However, the method of screening tumor specific antigen to construct nanovaccine is cumbersome and tumors are heterogeneous. Therefore, surgically resected tumor tissue is the best source of antigens for preparing tumor vaccines. Next, based on the strong loading ability of the carrier, we designed a personalized tumor nanovaccine (PNV) using the supernatant of tumor abrasive fluid (STAF) as antigen based on the generally minimalist tumor nanovaccine construction strategy. PNV combined with anti-PD-L1 could successfully inhibit post-surgical tumor recurrence and induce strong and durable immune memory effects. This study presents a novel, general, and minimalist strategy to construct high-efficiency personalized nanovaccine, which has a wide range of potential applications in the field of tumor treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Whether mucosal cyst of maxillary sinus is contraindication for sinus floor augmentation surgery has been a controversial hot spot for years. Presentation of case This case aims to present the surgical procedure of sinus floor augmentation surgery with cyst (18.72 mm × 24.61 mm) in diabetic patient. And 6 months later, the cyst decreased in size. The authors elevated the sinus floor and cyst simultaneously. The surgery was carried out successfully without sinus membrane perforation and the alveolar ridge gained about 8 mm height. Six months later, the cyst decreased in size and osseointegration was observed. Discussion Interdisciplinary cooperation is encouraged to diagnose benign mucosal cyst. The isolation between sinus lumen and the grafted sub-sinus space is important. Graft contamination or dispersion into the sinus lumen should be avoided. The integrity of the sinus membrane and use of antibiotics are very important to prevent the occurrence of postoperative sinus infection Conclusion The authors conclude that sinus augmentation surgery could be done with mucosal cyst in diabetic patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A multifunctional nanoagent is developed for multi-mode imaging guided photothermal therapy. • The multifunctional nanoagent can be disassembled to release luteolin after photothermal therapy. • The released luteolin can regulate inflammation caused by photothermal therapy and relieve immunosuppressive microenvironment. • The released luteolin can combine with photothermal therapy and immunotherapy to inhibit tumour recurrence and metastasis. The multifunctional nanoparticles (FeLPNPs) with great clinical translational potential could be applied for multi-mode imaging guided photothermal therapy (PTT), subsequently were disassembled by an iron chelator to release luteolin. The released luteolin could precisely regulate inflammation caused by PTT and relieve immunosuppressive microenvironment, and combined with PTT and immunotherapy to effectively inhibit tumour recurrence and metastasis. [Display omitted] Inflammation is a beneficial response of the body in response to external stimuli, while the overwhelming inflammation caused by disease therapy often leads to treatment failure. Therefore, precise regulation of inflammation is essential in remodelling body microenvironment and enhancing the therapy efficiency. Herein, we show an efficient strategy for precisely regulating inflammation and immunosuppressive microenvironment after photothermal therapy (PTT) by controlling release of dietary luteolin through dynamical disassembly of photothermal agent, which dramatically increase the therapy efficiency of PTT and accompanied immunotherapy. As a result, not only the local tumour could be effectively destructed by PTT, but also the combination of PTT-induced immunogenic death (ICD), and regulation of inflammation after PTT and immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment by released luteolin could achieve the effective inhibition of tumour recurrence and metastasis. As a proof of concept, this research demonstrates how to solve tumour recurrence and metastasis by precise regulation of inflammation inherited in cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We examine the effects of positive and negative news on cryptocurrency liquidity. • 5 positive and 5 negative news events are included in the event study. • We find the news effects on cryptocurrency liquidity are asymmetric and the existence of information leakage before the news announcements. We analyze the effects of positive and negative news on the liquidity of 100 largest cryptocurrencies in an event study context. We find that the liquidity of cryptocurrencies increases (decreases) after positive(negative) news announcement. The effects of positive news persist longer than that of negative news. We also reveal evidence that there is information leakage ahead of the news announcements, and the positive (negative) news produce an increase (decrease) in the cryptocurrency returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A tumor targeting gene delivery system with high-efficiency was established to co-delivery p shVEGF-A and p shPD-L1. • Dual gene therapy overcame immune checkpoint blockade induced adaptive resistance. • Dual gene therapy reprogrammed tumor microenvironment to an immune-supportive profile through tumor vessel normalization. • Dual gene therapy provoked immune memory, leading to the inhibition of tumor recurrence and distant metastasis. [Display omitted] Despite the unparalleled tumor growth inhibition and significantly prolonged survival achieved by immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, more and more adaptive resistance to ICB therapy in clinical practice put patients at risk of uncontrollable tumor growth and tumor relapse. Hence, in this work, we constructed a targeting dual gene delivery system loading p shVEGF-A and p shPD-L1 against murine melanoma to overcome adaptive resistance for efficacious anti-tumor immunotherapy. We reported immune checkpoint blockade by PD-L1 gene silencing induced adaptive resistance through the VEGF-A/VEGF-R2 signal pathway. Therefore, the combination of PD-L1 and VEGF-A gene silencing eliminated adaptive resistance to ICB therapy. Besides, p shVEGF-A as an antiangiogenic agent achieved tumor vessel normalization and reprogramed tumor immune microenvironment towards an immune-supportive profile, synergizing with p shPD-L1 for significant tumor inhibition. This revolutionary dual gene therapy strategy contributed to the diversity of immune combination therapy and had a potential for clinical application in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological rhythms denote the cyclical patterns of life activities anchored to a 24-hour cycle. Research shows that depression exhibits disturbances in biological rhythms. Yet, the relationship between these biological rhythms and concomitant anxiety symptoms is insufficiently investigated in structured clinical assessments. This multicenter study, carried out in four Chinese hospitals, comprehensively examined the relationship between anxiety and disruptions in biological rhythms among patients with depression. The study encompassed 218 patients diagnosed with depression and 205 matched healthy controls. The Chinese version of the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry was utilized to evaluate the participants' biological rhythms, focusing on four dimensions: sleep, activity, social, and diet. In patients with depression, there is a significant positive correlation between the severity of anxiety symptoms and the disturbances in biological rhythms. The severity of anxiety and depression, along with the quality of life, are independently associated with disruptions in biological rhythms. The mediation model reveals that anxiety symptoms mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and biological rhythms. This research highlights the role of anxiety within the spectrum of depressive disorders and the associated disturbances in biological rhythms. Our findings shed light on potential pathways towards more targeted preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions for individuals battling depression and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We investigate the relationship between liquidity and the distribution of returns. • We measure the distribution of returns by skewness and kurtosis. • We find a strong relationship between skewness and kurtosis, and liquidity. We investigate the relationship between liquidity and the distribution of returns, for all listed firms on the London Stock Exchange between 2002–2018. We find a strong relationship between the distribution of returns, as measured by skewness and kurtosis, and liquidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Type D personality is a psychosocial risk factor for cardiovascular events and in-stent restenosis (ISR), but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary patterns on the association between Type D personality and ISR in patients with coronary artery disease treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised a total of 230 post-PCI patients who were assessed for Type D personality, depression, dietary patterns, physical activity and medication adherence via self-administered questionnaires. ISR was assessed by coronary angiography.Results: Type D personality (odds ratio [OR], 3.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-10.71, p=0.042), low fruit intake (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.12-0.68, p=0.008) and low vegetable intake (OR, 0.48, 95% CI, 0.27-0.91, p=0.021) were independent risk factors for ISR after adjustment for psychosocial, lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors. Mediation analyses revealed that Type D personality had a significant direct effect on the development of ISR (p<0.05). In addition, nutrients in fruits and vegetables, including vitamin C, vitamin E and fiber, were important mediators of the relationship between Type D personality and ISR (p<0.05), the percentage of total indirect effect was 24.65%.Conclusions: These findings suggested that the low intake of fruit and vegetables in Type D patients can predict ISR. The healthy dietary interventions to supply vitamin C, vitamin E and fiber may help to improve the prognosis in post-PCI patients with Type D personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Self-supervised sparse constraint network (SSCNet) with one measured phase. • No perturbation hypothesis and no image segmentation for fitting. • Fast, accurate, and stable aberration compensation in various samples. • Adaptive compensation of dynamic aberration. Phase aberration compensation is of great significance for the quantitative phase imaging in digital holographic microscopy. Least-square-based fitting algorithms are the most common options except for the double exposure method. However, they either require perturbation hypothesis, image segmentation, or an extra object-free hologram, leading to additional efforts for aberration elimination. In addition, supervised learning-based networks are mostly applied to create object-free masks automatically, but suffer from laborious label preparation and limited generalization capability. In this study, we propose a self-supervised sparse constraint network (SSCNet) for aberration compensation without the perturbation hypothesis, as well as an additional label or mask. Zernike model enhancement and sparse constraints are introduced for fitting aberration with only a single measured hologram. Simulation and experiment demonstrate that our proposed SSCNet can accurately compensate the phase aberration without object-free masks, and is more stable than other algorithms. It can be generalized to other samples with high accuracy and little time requirement. Moreover, SSCNet has advantage in the adaptive compensation of dynamic aberration in continuous measurement. Finally, it is an effective and practical fitting algorithm for phase aberration compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rectangular steel tube concrete bundle wind turbine towers is a new type of tower structure with high prefabrication, convenient installation, convenient transportation and good integrity.Based on the uniaxial tensile test and fatigue loading test of the double cover plate through-core bolted joint, the stress condition of the key connection parts of the structure is analyzed, the S-N curve of the joint under parameter expansion is summarized, and the Weibull distribution test is carried out for the fatigue life of the concrete inside the joint. Finally, the fatigue damage of the joint are analyzed. The results show that the failure mode of the double cover plate through-core bolted joint under fatigue loading is bolt shear; Through S-N curve fitting, the S-N curve expression and fatigue limit value of different types of joints are obtained. It is found that under the shear failure mode, the fatigue limit of different types of joints is higher than the limit value specified in GB50017–2017, EC3 and AISC-360; The fatigue life of concrete at different loading factors conforms to the two parameter Weibull distribution.The damage analysis of the joint through the high cycle fatigue damage model shows that the trend of a sharp increase in the damage rate of the joints in the late loading period can better explain the phenomenon of instantaneous fracture. The research results of this paper can provide reference for the analysis, research and application of wind turbine towers. • First, we propose a structural form of rectangular concrete-filled steel tube bundle wind turbine towers. • Secondly, the experiment and simulation analysis are carried out, and the bearing mechanism and failure characteristics are studied. • Thirdly, the parameter expansion analysis of double cover plate through-core bolted joint is carried out, and S-N curve expression are given for each type of joint. • Fourth, the Weibull distribution test of double cover plate through-core bolted joint is carried out, and the damage analysis of the joints is carried out using the high cycle fatigue damage model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To obtain efficient and rapid manganese removal performance of NMS (natural manganese sand), MOBMs (manganese oxide-bearing manganese sand) were prepared and loaded with manganese oxide formed by forced oxidation of manganese sulfate with sodium hypochlorite onto the surface of NMS. The results of SEM, EDS, BET, XPS, XRD and Zeta potential analyses showed that manganese oxides were successfully loaded on the surface of NMS, with the main components being MnO 2 and Mn 2 O 3. The surface of MOBMs is covered by needle-shaped flocculent manganese oxides, with a large number of mesopores. The isothermal adsorption and kinetic adsorption model indicated that the adsorption of Mn2+ by MOBMs occurred through monolayer adsorption and chemical adsorption. The intraparticle diffusion model showed that the adsorption process is dominated by mesoporous and microporous diffusion, which is controlled by adsorption, membrane diffusion, particle diffusion and catalytic oxidation. Under the conditions of the static test, the best adsorption conditions were determined as follows: D f = 2 g/100 ml (q = 0.149 mg/g), pH = 7.5–8.5. Under these conditions, the removal rate of Mn2+ by MOBMs was 84.47%. The presence of competing cations NH 4 + and Fe2+ had a negative effect on the removal of Mn2+. The dynamic test shows that the MOBM maturation cycle takes only 7 days. MOBMs can realize the efficient utilization of low-quality NMS, shorten the maturity period of manganese removal filter material, improve the adsorption performance, and ensure the efficient removal of Mn2+. [Display omitted] • The adsorption capacity of the filter material is strengthened, and the high-efficient utilization of low-quality natural manganese sand is realized. • It can quickly and effectively remove Mn2+ from groundwater. • The main component on the surface of MOBMs is MnO 2. • MOBMs can quickly mature and significantly shorten the maturation cycle of filter materials. • MOBMs have strong adsorption and oxidation capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Pairwise meta-analysis＆network meta-analysis were performed, respectively. • Bayesian/frequentist network meta-analysis were also performed. • Risk bias was evaluated using the GRADE＆CINeMA. • Laser assisted MD is superior to MD alone in treating peri-implantitis. • Er:YAG/diode lasers gain better anti-inflammation＆aPDT gains better regeneration. Peri-implantitis is a major factor responsible for a decrease in the long-term success rate of implants. Conventional mechanical debridement (MD) is not efficient enough to clear plaque from the surface of rough-threaded implants. Additional laser therapy may compensate for this deficiency and promote tissue regeneration by photobiomodulation. To evaluate the efficacy and ranking of adjuvant laser therapy for peri-implantitis with regards to inflammation control and tissue regeneration, data analysis of diode laser, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and solid-state laser (erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser (Er:YAG) and erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG)) for inflammation-related indicators, such as peri-implant probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), sulcular bleeding index (SBI), and plaque index (PLI), as well as regeneration-related indicators, such as clinical attachment level (CAL) and radiographic bone fill (RBF) were included in the systematic review and network meta-analysis. The EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were searched till 12 March 2022 for records of randomised controlled blind clinical trials with a 24-week follow-up. World Health Organization-International Clinical Trial Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov were used to revalidate the included trials and to search for completed but unpublished trials on 26 March 2022. We included four laser therapies for patients with peri-implantitis and bone defects, excluding single- or multi-arm clinical trials lacking laser-assisted MD. We extracted the general characteristics and associated outcomes from the included studies. The risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, and evidence certainty was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework (GRADE) and confidence in network meta-analysis (CINeMA).The primary outcomes of the pairwise meta-analysis were PPD, BOP, CAL, PLI, and RBF, whereas those of the network meta-analysis were PPD, SBI, CAL, PLI, and RBF; all estimated weighted mean differences were under a random effects model. The PROSPERO number for this study is CRD42022334800. A total of 18 studies with 901 participants were included. In the pairwise meta-analysis, MD with laser assistance performed better than MD alone for all outcomes. Among the outcomes, compared with MD alone, aPDT as an adjunct was significantly more effective in reducing BOP (weighted mean difference (WMD) = 8.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) range: 5.03–11.37), CAL (WMD = 0.44, 95% CI range: 0.40–0.48) and increasing RBF (WMD = 0.22, 95% CI range: 0.10–0.34), while diode laser as an adjunct (WMD = 0.28, 95% CI range: 0.08–0.47) was significantly more effective in PLI reduction. In network meta-analysis, aPDT as an adjunct was significantly more effective than MD alone in improving PPD (WMD = 0.67, 95% CI range: 0.44–0.87), CAL (WMD = 0.51, 95% CI range: 0.16–0.88) and RBF (WMD = 0.22, 95% CI range: 0.03–0.45). In terms of PPD reduction, both MD with adjuvant Er,Cr:YSGG and Er:YAG demonstrated significant advantages over adjuvant diode laser (WMD = 0.43, 95% CI range: 0.01–0.83 and WMD = 0.82, 95% CI range: 0.12–1.53, respectively) or MD alone (WMD = 0.69, 95% CI range: 0.44–0.9 and WMD = 1.09, 95% CI range: 0.49–1.68, respectively). The probability of optimal treatment from the Bayesian network meta-analysis exhibited that Er:YAG + MD (88.4%), Er:YAG + MD (76.6%), aPDT + MD (92.5%), and diode laser + MD (63.3%) ranked first in PPD, SBI, CAL, and PLI improvement in peri-implantitis, respectively. However, there was a contradiction between the Bayesian network meta-analysis (Er:YAG + MD: 45.9%) and frequentist network meta-analysis (aPDT + MD: 48.5%) for the best efficacy ranking probability of RBF. Of the 18 trials, the certainty of the evidence ranged from high to very low, with three (16.7%) rated as high risk of bias, 14 (77.8%) at moderate risk of bias, and one (0.6%) at low risk of bias. The current evidence suggests that laser-assisted MD is superior to MD alone in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Compared with other adjuvant laser therapies, Er:YAG and diode lasers were more effective in reducing inflammation, whereas aPDT could further achieve tissue regeneration for the treatment of peri-implantitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The formula of the 2D molecular kerogen (Nanpu shale) structure was C 199 H 240 O 20 N 6 S 2. • The kerogen is a network composed mainly of aliphatic and aromatic structures. • At over 5000 K (250 ps), kerogen pyrolysis is less affected by temperature. • H 2 O and H 2 yields are temperature sensitive, CO 2 yield is less affected by temperature. Shale can be both a source rock and a reservoir rock, which is a typical self-generating and self-storing type of oil accumulation. Its main organic component is kerogen. Using molecular dynamics (MD), a realistic kerogen molecular structure model is an alternative to experimental and analytical-only approaches for studying shale organic matter's microscopic properties. Therefore, it is useful to establish an average molecular structure model for shale kerogen. Moreover, the pyrolysis mechanism of shale kerogen is of great significance for developing and utilizing shale mineral resources. In this study, geochemical and spectroscopic measurements such as the elemental analysis, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to obtain information about the carbon skeleton, aliphatic structures, and aromatic structures of the kerogen. Following information analysis and molecular fragment splicing, a 2D molecular structure model of kerogen from the Nanpu shale, with the chemical formula C 199 H 240 O 20 N 6 S 2 and molecular weight of 3096 Daltons was constructed. After that, the accuracy of the 2D structure was verified by comparing the 13C NMR spectra simulated by the 2D structure to the experimental spectra. Using MD simulation, based on the kerogen density, 10 2D structures are then combined to create a realistic 3D molecular structure model of kerogen. Finally, pyrolysis analysis was performed based on the established 3D molecular structure model of kerogen to determine the effect of temperature on pyrolysis. Using the advantages of various technologies, this study not only provides a systematic method for establishing a realistic 3D molecular structure model of kerogen but also contributes to in-depth research on the reaction mechanism of kerogen pyrolysis, providing a reliable foundation for future research on the properties of shale at the molecular scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper investigates the physiological mechanism of the effect of delaying cucumber senescence on protein levels under the experimental model of monoculture and wheat intercropping. We analyzed cucumber roots for differential protein expression, and protein types were identified by core technology of proteomics. 45 differential proteins were identified as being differentially expressed between monoculture and intercropping of wheat, which were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant and stress response, growth and development regulation, biological information transfer, and nucleic acid biosynthesis. The results showed the rate of photosynthesis of cucumber was increased under wheat intercropping pattern due to three enzymes being up-regulated. The respiration of cucumber was reduced when five enzymes were down-regulated. The antioxidant and resistant capacity of cucumber was enhanced significantly under wheat intercropping pattern because two enzymes were down-regulated while the activity of four other antioxidant enzymes was up-regulated. Intercropping wheat could delay the senescence of cucumber leaves by increasing the expression of IPT gene, reducing the expression of PAO and ETR2 gene, and inhibiting the expression of Cu/Zn-SOD and GS1 gene in later stages. Two proteins related to growth and development in cucumber were up-regulated, and one was down-regulated, while two proteins related to nucleic acid biosynthesis and chaperonin showed obvious down-regulation under wheat intercropping. Therefore, the growth and development was improved and senescence of cucumber could be delayed. Under intercropping pattern, the fresh weight, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and peroxidase activity of cucumber plants were higher than those of cucumber monoculture groups. Thus, the senescence of cucumber could be delayed under wheat intercropping by regulating its physiological mechanisms, such as by improving photosynthesis, reducing respiratory consumption, slowing the cell apoptosis rate, and enhancing the antioxidant and resistant capacity significantly, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Leachate foaming properties were systematically characterized by the designed foam analyzer. • Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is demonstrated to be an indispensable surfactant in leachate. • The distribution characteristics of LAS in leachate are consistent with the variety of foaming performance. • The pH value of leachate is positively correlated with the concentration of anionic surfactants. Serious foaming problems and the excessive consumption of defoamer have undoubtedly become one of the most critical problems that hinder municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate treatment efficiency and industry development. Since there is limited research penetrating the foaming mechanism and identification of the key surfactants, current defoaming and surfactant removal techniques lack pertinence and orientation. In this study, a foaming characterization device was developed and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) was optimized to accurately identify the key surfactants affecting leachate foaming and offer a glimpse into their interaction mechanisms. This study collected leachate samples from 9 typical landfills and waste-to-energy facilities of various waste compositions, climatic conditions, ages, and geographical locations. The foaming problem of leachate was mainly centered on raw leachate and nanofiltration membrane concentrate (NFC). Fresh leachate performed with relatively low foaming capacity and foam stability, associated with low surfactant concentration. The pH value of the system was positively correlated with the concentration of anionic surfactants, indicating significant impacts on surfactant release in MSW. Since the distribution characteristics of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) in leachate were consistent with the variety of foaming performances, LAS proved to be an indispensable surfactant in the leachate involved in this study, and its content proportion escalated to 92.87% in aged leachate. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mode-I pullout model is proposed to investigate the bridging mechanism of nanofibers in composites. Surface effects are characterized in terms of surface tension and surface elasticity by using the theory of surface elasticity. Our analysis shows that surface effects may either enhance or impede the bridging effect, depending on the residual surface stress and surface moduli. The effects of volume fraction, aspect ratio, and aggregation of nanofibers are also examined. It is found that the aspect ratio and aggregation have significant influences on the bridging force while the effect of volume fraction is relatively small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major component of the biomechanical environment with which cells interact, and it plays important roles in both normal development and disease progression. Mechanical and biochemical factors alter the biomechanical properties of tissues by driving cellular remodeling of the ECM. This review provides an overview of the structural, compositional, and mechanical properties of the ECM that instruct cell behaviors. Case studies are reviewed that highlight mechanotransduction in the context of two distinct tissues: tendons and the heart. Although these two tissues demonstrate differences in relative cell–ECM composition and mechanical environment, they share similar mechanisms underlying ECM dysfunction and cell mechanotransduction. Together, these topics provide a framework for a fundamental understanding of the ECM and how it may vary across normal and diseased tissues in response to mechanical and biochemical cues. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mechanobiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reinforcing effect of piezoelectric z-pins to Mode-I fracture toughness of laminates is investigated in the present paper on the basis of the piezoelectric fiber pullout model and the double-cantilever-beam (DCB) model. Our results on the effect of electrical loads show that piezoelectric z-pins can significantly improve the fracture toughness of laminates to resist the laminates delamination and the reinforcement effect can be adjusted by applying an external electrical load. Moreover, the influences of material parameters, radius and distribution of z-pins are discussed. This study provides a useful reference to achieve the optimal design of smart laminate composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]