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The World Health Organization sets up the Ambient Air Quality Guidelines mainly based on short-term and long-term health effects of air pollution. Previous studies, however, have generally revealed a non-threshold concentration-response relationship between air pollution and health, making it difficult to determine a concentration, below which no obvious health effects can be observed. Here we proposed a novel approach based on the concept of “number needed to treat”, specifically, we calculated the reduction in air pollution concentrations needed to avoid one death corresponding to different hypothetical concentration standards; the one with the smallest value would be the most practical concentration standard. As an example, we applied this approach to the daily standard of ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm) in four Chinese cities. The calculation was based on the association between daily mortality and ambient PM2.5, which was examined by a generalized additive model with adjustment of important covariates. Significant associations were observed between PM2.5 and mortality. Our analyses suggested that it is appropriate to have 50 μg/m3 as the daily standard of ambient PM2.5 for the study area, compared to the current standard of which were directly adopted from the national standard of 75 μg/m3. This novel approach should be considered when planning and/or revising the ambient air quality guidelines/standards.

The poor interfacial contact between electrode materials and electrolyte has become a major obstacle to the development and application of solid-state batteries. In this work, we report a facile method to realize interfacial modification with the help of in-situ ultraviolet solidified gel polymer electrolyte, which is completely compatible with commercial LiFePO4 and cellulose membrane forming stable composite cathode and cellulose membrane-gel polymer electrolyte. Two intimate interfaces between LiFePO4 and gel polymer electrolyte as well as composite cathode and cellulose membrane-based composite electrolyte are achieved to facilitate fast transfer of lithium ions at the interface. The assembled solid-state cell exhibits lower interfacial resistance, reduced polarization, higher rate capability, and more stable cycling performance than other routine counterparts. This work provides a new way for fabrication of novel advanced solid-state electrolytes and electrodes for applications in solid-state batteries.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential phytohormone involved in many physiological processes, including plant growth inhibition and abiotic stress responses. Its signal transduction pathway is mediated by a genetically redundant family of ABA receptors (PYLs). In this work, 1′-O methyl ethers of ABA and its analogs were designed for chemically probing PYLs. The results suggested that 1′-OH is a crucial functional group correspondence to seed germination and development of plants, but has little relation on the stomatal movement and the response to drought stress regulated by ABA and its analogs. The methylation of 1′-OH significantly reduced their binding ability to monomer receptor PYL5 and slightly enhanced their binding to dimer receptor PYL2. The decrease of inhibition activities of 2a-2c was most probably assigned to the decrease of binding affinity with PYL5, which was due to the destruction of hydrogen bond network. This indicated that PYL5 was a selective receptor closely responded to plant growth process.

The Lung-molGPA index is based on the original diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment (DS-GPA) and incorporates recently reported gene alteration data, predicting the outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases (BM). However, the prognostic values of both DS-GPA and Lung-molGPA remain undetermined, especially for patients with different molecular types.A total of 1184 NSCLC patients with BM were analyzed for clinical factors and outcomes at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, China. All prognostic factors were weighted for significance by hazard ratios. The applicability of DS-GPA and Lung-molGPA were reappraised in NSCLC patients with BM and various genetic profiles. Additionally, a modified Lung-molGPA was newly developed for NSCLC patients with gene variations.NSCLC patients in the present study had a median survival time of 14.0 months from BM diagnosis. Both the DS-GPA and Lung-molGPA models could effectively predict the outcomes of NSCLC patients with BM (P 0.001), and the Lung-molGPA model appeared to deliver more accurate predictions. Furthermore, Lung-molGPA scores demonstrated discriminatory capability in patients with gene variations (P 0.001), and no significant difference was reached in wild-type patients (P = 0.133). Regarding oncogene-positive NSCLC patients with BM, a modified Lung-molGPA index was established based on the prognostic factors with a C-index of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.68-0.80) to accurately calculate survival probability (P 0.001).In the era of precision medicine, Lung-molGPA accurately predicted the prognosis of NSCLC patients with mutant genotypes and BM, although it did not perform well in wild-type patients. Thus, it is worthwhile to explore the prognostic model for patients with positive driving genes.

While increasing evidence suggested that PM2.5 is the most harmful fraction of the particle pollutants, the health effects of coarse particles (PM10–2.5) have been inconclusive, especially on cerebrovascular diseases, we thus evaluated the effects of PM10, PM2.5, and PM10–2.5 on stroke mortality in six Chinese subtropical cities using generalized additive models. We also conducted random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the overall effects across the six cities. We found that PM10, PM2.5, and PM10-2.5 were significantly associated with stroke mortality. Each 10 μg/m3 increase of PM10, PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 (lag03) was associated with an increase of 1.88% (95% CI: 1.37%, 2.39%), 3.07% (95% CI: 2.35%, 3.79%), and 5.72% (95% CI: 3.82%, 7.65%) in overall stroke mortality. Using the World Health Organization's guideline as reference concentration, we estimated that 3.21% (95% CI: 1.65%, 3.01%) of stroke mortality (corresponding to 1743 stroke mortalities, 95% CI: 896, 1633) were attributed to PM10, 5.57% (95% CI: 0.50%, 1.23%) stroke mortality (3019, 95% CI: 2286, 3777) were attributed to PM2.5, and 2.02% (95% CI: 1.85%, 3.08%) of stroke mortality (1097, 95% CI: 1005, 1673) could be attributed to PM10-2.5. Our analysis indicates that both PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 are important risk factors of stroke mortality and should be considered in the prevention and control of stroke in the study area.

The short-term effects of ambient temperature on mortality have been widely investigated. However, the epidemiological evidence on the long-term effects of temperature on mortality is rare. In present study, we conducted a nationwide quasi-experimental design, which based on a variant of difference-in-differences (DID) approach, to examine the association between long-term exposure to ambient temperature and mortality risk in China, and to analyze the effect modification of population characteristics and socioeconomic status. Data on mortality were collected from 364 communities across China during 2006–2017, and environmental data were obtained for the same period. We estimated a 2.93 % (95 % CI: 2.68 %, 3.18 %) increase in mortality risk per 1 °C decreases in annual temperature, the greater effects were observed on respiratory diseases (5.16 %, 95 % CI: 4.53 %, 5.79 %) than cardiovascular diseases (3.43 %, 95 % CI: 3.06 %, 3.80 %), and on younger people (4.21 %, 95 % CI: 3.73 %, 4.68 %) than the elderly (2.36 %, 95 % CI: 2.06 %, 2.65 %). In seasonal analysis, per 1 °C decreases in average temperature was associated with 1.55 % (95 % CI: 1.23 %, 1.87 %), −0.53 % (95 % CI: −0.89 %, −0.16 %), 2.88 % (95 % CI: 2.45 %, 3.31 %) and 4.21 % (95 % CI: 3.98 %, 4.43 %) mortality change in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. The effects of long-term temperature on total mortality were more pronounced among the communities with low urbanization, low education attainment, and low GDP per capita. In total, the decrease of average temperature in summer decreased mortality risk, while increased mortality risk in other seasons, and the associations were modified by demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status. Our findings suggest that populations with disadvantaged characteristics and socioeconomic status are vulnerable to long-term exposure of temperature, and targeted policies should be formulated to strengthen the response to the health threats of temperature exposure.

Age-specific discrepancy of mortality burden attributed to temperature, measured as years of life lost (YLL), has been rarely investigated. We investigated age-specific temperature-YLL rates (per 100,000) relationships and quantified YLL per death caused by non-optimal temperature in China. We collected daily meteorological data, population data and daily death counts from 364 locations in China during 2006–2017. YLL was divided into three age groups (0–64 years, 65–74 years, and ≥75 years). A distributed lag non-linear model was first employed to estimate the associations of temperature with age-specific YLL rates in each location. Then we pooled the associations using a multivariate meta-analysis. Finally, we calculated age-specific average YLL per death caused by temperature by cause of death and region. We observed greater effects of cold and hot temperature on YLL rates for the elderly compared with the young population by region or cause of death. However, YLL per death due to non-optimal temperature for different regions or causes of death decreased with age, with 2.0 (95 % CI:1.5, 2.5), 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) and 1.0 years (0.9, 1.2) life loss per death for populations aged 0–64 years, 65–74 years and over 75 years, respectively. Most life loss per death results from moderate temperature, especially moderate cold for all age groups. The effect of non-optimal temperature on YLL rates is smaller for younger populations than older ones, while the temperature-related life loss per death was more prominent for younger populations.

Background: Depression is a common emotional disorder, which can be life-threatening and seriously affects the quality of life especially in cancer patients No

We sought to investigate the association between household exposure to biomass fuel and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components including blood pressure, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and waist circumference among females in southern rural China.We surveyed 1664 residents in the Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance, conducted in 14 districts of Guangdong province. We recorded the use of biomass fuel, MetS and its components, and other covariates by using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression model and multivariate linear regression model were adopted for analysis.Exposure to biomass fuel was significantly associated with an increase of systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β: 2.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.13 to 4.17) and FBG (β: 0.19, 95% confidence interval: 0.01 to 0.37) in the adjusted and unadjusted models (all P 0.05). Among participants with exposure to biomass fuel, being overweight or obese was associated with an increased risk of having hypertension (odds ratio: 3.19, 95% confidence interval: 2.13 to 4.76) and higher FBG levels (odds ratio: 2.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.46 to 3.02). Exposure to biomass fuel was significantly associated with a decrease of the prevalence of central obesity (P 0.05). However, exposure to biomass fuel was not associated with MetS, diastolic blood pressure and TG (all P 0.05).Exposure to biomass fuel is associated with an increase in blood pressure and FBG levels, but not MetS per se. Efforts should be made to protect females in southern rural China from the adverse effects associated with biomass fuel pollution.

Background Global warming may increase the frequency of compound hot extremes (CHEs). This study aimed to assess the current mortality burden and future mortality risk attributable to CHEs in China. Methods Daily meteorological, air pollution and mortality data were collected in 364 locations from 2006 to 2017 across China. Hot day/night was identified as a day where daily Tmax/Tmin was higher than its 90th percentile in summer. CHE was defined as a hot night with a following hot day. Mortality risk attributed to CHEs in each location was first evaluated using a distributed lag non-linear model. Location-specific association was pooled using a multivariate meta-analysis model, and attributable fraction in the current time and mortality risk from CHEs under different climate change scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5) in the future were assessed. Results CHEs (RR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.19–1.28) were associated with greater mortality risk, and 0.96% mortality was attributable to CHEs. We found that female, the elderly, and people living in north China were more vulnerable to CHEs. In addition, more intensive (RR: 1.07, 95%CI: 1.06–1.08) and consecutive CHEs (RR: 1.09, 95%CI: 1.02–1.17) could increase mortality risk. We further observed a seven to nineteen fold deaths attributable to CHEs in 2090s under middle and high climate change scenarios. Conclusion Our study found that CHEs significantly increased mortality risk and would cause considerable mortality burden in future. These findings suggest that it is necessary to develop clinical and public health policy to alleviate the mortality burden associated with CHEs.

Summary Although numerous studies have investigated premature deaths attributable to temperature, effects of temperature on years of life lost (YLL) remain unclear. We estimated the relationship between temperatures and YLL, and quantified the YLL per death caused by temperature in China. We collected daily meteorological and mortality data, and calculated the daily YLL values for 364 locations (2013–2017 in Yunnan, Guangdong, Hunan, Zhejiang, and Jilin provinces, and 2006–2011 in other locations) in China. A time-series design with a distributed lag nonlinear model was first employed to estimate the location-specific associations between temperature and YLL rates (YLL/100,000 population), and a multivariate meta-analysis model was used to pool location-specific associations. Then, YLL per death caused by temperatures was calculated. The temperature and YLL rates consistently showed U-shaped associations. A mean of 1.02 (95% confidence interval: 0.67, 1.37) YLL per death was attributable to temperature. Cold temperature caused 0.98 YLL per death with most from moderate cold (0.84). The mean YLL per death was higher in those with cardiovascular diseases (1.14), males (1.15), younger age categories (1.31 in people aged 65–74 years), and in central China (1.34) than in those with respiratory diseases (0.47), females (0.87), older people (0.85 in people ≥75 years old), and northern China (0.64) or southern China (1.19). The mortality burden was modified by annual temperature and temperature variability, relative humidity, latitude, longitude, altitude, education attainment, and central heating use. Temperatures caused substantial YLL per death in China, which was modified by demographic and regional characteristics., Graphical Abstract, Public Summary • Years of life lost (YLL) is used to estimate the effects of temperature • Both low and high temperatures can increase the YLLs • Average 1.02 YLL per death is attributed to temperature exposure • Temperature causes larger YLLs per death in males, younger people, and central China

Compared with daily mean concentration of air pollution, hourly peak concentration may be more directly relevant to the acute health effects due to the high concentration levels, however, few have analyzed the acute mortality effects of hourly peak levels of air pollution. We examined the associations of hourly peak concentration of fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) with mortality in six cities in Pearl River Delta, China. We used generalized additive Poisson models to examine the associations with adjustment for potential confounders in each city. We further applied random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the regional overall effects. We further estimated the mortality burden attributable to hourly peak and daily mean PM2.5. We observed significant associations between hourly peak PM2.5 and mortality. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in 4-day averaged (lag03) hourly peak PM2.5 corresponded to a 0.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7%, 1.1%] increase in total mortality, 1.2% (95% CI: 1.0%, 1.5%) in cardiovascular mortality, and 0.7% (95% CI: 0.2%, 1.1%) in respiratory mortality. We observed a greater mortality burden using hourly peak PM2.5 than daily mean PM2.5, with an estimated 12915 (95% CI: 9922, 15949) premature deaths attributable to hourly peak PM2.5, and 7951 (95% CI: 5067, 10890) to daily mean PM2.5 in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region during the study period. This study suggests that hourly peak PM2.5 might be one important risk factor of mortality in PRD region of China; the finding provides important information for future air pollution management and epidemiological studies.

Background: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains an aggressive cancer with dismal long-term survival due to the limited therapeutic options available after failure of chemotherapy. Apatinib is a novel oral, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that selectively inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of apatinib in patients with extensive-stage (EC) SCLC who had progressed after two or three previous therapies. Methods: This phase II, single-arm, prospective study was conducted at three medical centers in China. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older and had histologically-confirmed ES-SCLC after two or three previous treatments, including a platinum-based regimen. Patients were assigned to receive oral apatinib at an initial dose of 500 mg once daily. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR) in both the intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol populations. The safety analysis included all patients who received at least one dose of study medication. Findings: Forty patients were enrolled, all of whom received at least one dose of apatinib. At the data cut off time (Nov 15, 2018), the median follow-up was 7.4 months (IQR 1·0-22·2); no patients remained on treatment, and 5 were still in follow-up. An objective response was achieved in 7 of 40 patients (17.5%) in the ITT population, and 7 of 38 patients (18.4%) in the per-protocol population. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 3·0 months (95% CI 2·2-3·7) and 5·8 months (95% CI 3·7-7·9), respectively. The median response duration was 2·6 months (95% CI 1·8-3·3). During treatment, apatinib was generally well tolerated, the most commonly observed grade 3 or greater treatment-related adverse events were hypertension (25%; 10/40), hand-foot syndrome (10%; 4/40), increased L gamma-glutamyltransferase (10%; 4/40), increased aspartate transaminase (7·5%; 3/40), and thrombocytopenia (7·5%, 3/40). Interpretation: Apatinib exhibited promising efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in previously heavily-treated patients with ES-SCLC. Further exploration of apatinib in phase III trials is warranted. Clinical Trial Registatration: NCT02945852. Funding Statement: Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Company, China. Declaration of Interests: All authors declare no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: The study protocol was approved by the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee at each medical center, and it was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines, as defined by the International Conference on Harmonisation. All enrolled patients provided written informed consent before any study-specific procedures were performed.

Phased arrays are increasingly employed in clinical high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) systems for treatment of uterine fibroids. However, the electronic steering range of current phased arrays is insufficient to cover a symptomatic uterine fibroid. This study proposes a method to augment the focal steering range for HIFU treatment of uterine fibroids. Geometric focus can be shifted by tilting HIFU phased array around two orthogonal axes with a rotating platform, and both rotating angles can be adjusted up to 15° with tilt radius of 277 mm according to the shift of geometric focus. A three-layer (skin, fat and muscle) tissue model was used as the beam propagation path. The acoustic fields with and without tilting HIFU phased array were characterized by numerical simulation and hydrophone measurement. Focal accuracy was evaluated in phantoms and targeting areas were ablated in in vivo pigs’ thighs. In combination with the electronic focal steering, the steering range in the focal plane has been augmented to ±53 mm from ±6 mm. In the phantoms, the mean focal error has been increased from 0.2 mm to 0.9 mm with the geometric focus shift ranged from 10 mm to 40 mm. In vivo experimental results have proved that it is safe and effective to ablate the 25 mm × 25 mm square area. Tilting the HIFU phased array is feasible to safely augment the focal steering range, which can potentially improve the efficacy of HIFU treatment.

Background Previous research has reported the effects of long-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution on years of life lost (YLL), but these effects may not represent the full impact. This study aims to estimate potential benefits in life time from adhering to daily ambient PM2.5 concentration standards/guidelines. Methods This study evaluated the relationship between daily ambient PM2.5 level and YLL using a two-stage approach with generalized additive models and meta-analysis. Potential life expectancy gains were then estimated by presuming that daily PM2.5 levels were in compliance with the Chinese and WHO standards. In addition, the attributable fraction of YLL due to excess PM2.5 exposure was also calculated. Results During 2013–2016, 459,468 non-accidental deaths were recorded in the six cities of Pearl River Delta, China. Each 10 μg/m3 increment in four-day average (lag03) level of PM2.5 was related to an increment of 13.31 [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.74, 20.87] years of life lost. Implementation of the WHO guidelines might avoid 180,980.83 YLLs (95% CI: 78,116.07, 283,845.60), which corresponded to 0.39 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.62) years of increased life time per death. Additionally, an estimated 0.15% (95% CI: 0.06%, 0.23%) or 2.04% (95% CI: 0.88%, 3.20%) of YLLs could be attributed to PM2.5 exposures higher than the Chinese or WHO guidelines, respectively. Conclusions This study suggests that people might live longer by controlling daily PM2.5 concentration and highlights the need to adopt stricter standards in China.

In 2012, Chinese Environmental Bureau modified its National Ambient Air Quality Standards to include fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Recent air pollution monitoring data shows that numerous locations have exceeded this standard, which may have resulted in avoidable adverse health effects. For example, among the 74 Chinese cities with PM2.5 monitoring data in 2013, only three cities attained the annual air quality standard (35 μg/m3). This study aimed to quantify the potential short- and long-term health benefits from achieving the Chinese ambient air quality standard and WHO’s air quality objectives. A generalized additive model was used to estimate the short-term association of mortality with changes in daily PM2.5 concentrations, based on which we estimated the potential premature mortality reduction that would have been achieved during the period of 2012–2015 if the daily air quality standard had been met in Guangzhou, China; we also estimated the avoidable deaths if attaining the annual air quality standard using the relative risk obtained from a previous cohort study. During the study period, there were 160 days exceeding the national daily PM2.5 standard (75 μg/m3) in Guangzhou, and the annual average concentration (47.7 μg/m3) was higher than the air quality standard of 35 μg/m3. Significant associations between PM2.5 and mortality were observed. An increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 was associated with increases in daily death counts of 0.95% (95% CI: 0.56%, 1.34%) in natural mortality, 1.31% (95% CI: 0.75%, 1.87%) in cardiovascular mortality, and 1.06% (95% CI: 0.19%, 1.94%) in respiratory mortality. The health benefits of attaining the national daily air quality standard of PM2.5 (75 μg/m3) would have prevented 143 [95% confidence interval (CI): 84, 203] fewer natural deaths, including 84 (95% CI: 48, 121) fewer cardiovascular deaths and 27 (95% CI: 5, 49) fewer respiratory deaths. Had the annual PM2.5 levels been reduced to 35 μg/m3, an estimated 3875 (95% CI: 1852, 6074) natural deaths, 2378 (95% CI: 800, 4230) cardiovascular deaths, and 227 (95% CI: -437, 1033) respiratory deaths could have been prevented. Even greater substantial mortality reductions could be achieved if the WHO’s air quality objectives were met. Our study suggests that air pollution is significantly associated with mortality in Guangzhou, and more stringent air quality standards would significantly reduce air pollution-related premature mortality.

Background aims Exosomes, a key component of cell paracrine secretion, can exert protective effects in various disease models. However, application of exosomes in vascular repair and regeneration has rarely been reported. In this study, we tested whether endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-derived exosomes possessed therapeutic effects in rat models of balloon-induced vascular injury by accelerating reendothelialization. Methods Exosomes were obtained from the conditioned media of EPCs isolated from human umbilical cord blood. Induction of the endothelial injury was performed in the rats' carotid artery, and the pro-re-endothelialization capacity of EPC-derived exosomes was measured. The in vitro effects of exosomes on the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells were investigated. Results We found that the EPC-derived exosomes accelerated the re-endothelialization in the early phase after endothelial damage in the rat carotid artery. We also demonstrated that these exosomes enhanced the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells in vitro . Moreover, endothelial cells stimulated with these exosomes showed increased expression of angiogenesis-related molecules. Conclusions Taken together, our results indicate that exosomes are an active component of the paracrine secretion of human EPCs and can promote vascular repair in rat models of balloon injury by up-regulating endothelial cells function.

As a promising treatment modality with spatial and temporal control, alternating magnetic field (AMF) triggered magnetic hyperthermal therapy (MHT) shows broad and promising applications to overcome the drawbacks of traditional focal therapies in combating cancer. However, the MHT efficacy is still not satisfactory with the presence of heat shock proteins (HSPs). In addition, sustained tumor hypoxia haunts practical implications for the treatment of solid tumors. Herein, a novel magnetic nanosystem composed of hollow iron oxide nanoparticles (HIONs), Fe3O4, and sonosensitizers, hematoporphyrin (HP) was rationally designed and successfully synthesized. The hollow HIONs show a large inner cavity for loading sonosensitizer molecules and possess nanozyme activity for catalyzing decomposition of endogenous overexpressed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce molecular oxygen (O2) that can overcome tumor hypoxia, thus augmenting the sonodynamic therapy (SDT)-induced highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production for efficient cancer cell apoptosis. Importantly, the generated ROS can also activates the cleavage of HSPs that further eliminate themotolerance and facilitates MHT efficacy. The synergistic catalysis-enhanced SDT efficiency and MHT effect realized most potent tumor suppression efficacy. This work develops a versatile nanoplatform for a multifunctional strategy and broadens the biological applications by rationally designing their structure.

The mechanism of how career adaptability could contribute to adolescent’s mental health problems remains unclear in mainland China. The present study aims to explore the relationship between career adaptability, resilience, and mental health problems in a sample of Chinese adolescents. A total of 372 Chinese high school students aged 14–19 years (M = 17.25; SD = 0.53), including 141 (37.9%) boys and 231 (62.1%) girls participated. The results found that career adaptability negatively predicted mental health problems and resilience mediated the relationship between career adaptability and mental health problems. In light of these results, several managerial suggestions related to career education and career counseling practices for adolescents, as well as implications for future researches are provided. These findings could provide cross-cultural for theoretical implications and contribute to evidence-based social policy and social work intervention to promote adolescent’s mental well-being.

Graphene-based materials are explored to be promising candidates for lithium-sulfur batteries based on their unique two-dimensional geometry structure and excellent electric conductivity. However, the inferior ability to confine polysulfides results in quick capacity fading and poor cycling stability of graphene-related electrode materials. Herein, small organic naphthoquinone (NQ) molecules with redox active properties are introduced to the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as an advanced sulfur host to significantly prolong cycle life for Li-S batteries. The effective combination between small NQ organic molecules and rGO successfully leads to the conductive composite network, where the keto groups from NQ play the key role in promoting the chemical absorption of polysulfides/sulfur by forming the S O interaction. Notably, the NQ-rGO composite shows superior lithium polysulfides absorptivity with a sulfur loading of 65.3%. The S/NQ-rGO displays outstanding electrochemical performances for lithium-sulfur batteries, in terms of large reversible capacities with excellent cycling stability (936 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.1C and 670 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1C) and superior rate ability (525 mAh g−1 at 5C).

Interfacial issues have been the main obstacle to the development of solid-state batteries. In this work, we design a solid hybrid polymer electrolyte based on poly-(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and succinonitrile (PSSE) with a liquid state precursor. An intimate interface between PSSE and Li4Ti5O12@vertical graphene (LTO@VG) electrode with three-dimensional array structure is cleverly constructed by infiltrating fluid precursor of PSSE into vertical pores of LTO@VG followed by polymerization and solidification of PSSE. The quasi-solid-state LTO@VG//PSSE//Li and LiFePO4//PSSE//LTO@VG full cells exhibit superior electrochemical performance since the active materials are closely contacted by the conductive skeleton and ion-conductive electrolyte. The LTO@VG//PSSE//Li cells maintain 85.7% capacity retention after 400 cycles at 2 C and the LFP//PSSE//LTO@VG full cells still reach 99.0% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.5 C. This novel strategy for interface engineering paves the way for achieving high-performance solid-state batteries.

Though increased particulate air pollution has been consistently associated with elevated mortality, evidence regarding whether diminished particulate air pollution would lead to mortality reduction is limited. Citywide air pollution mitigation program during the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China, provided such an opportunity. Daily mortality from non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases was compared for 51 intervention days (November 1–December 21) in 2010 with the same calendar date of baseline years (2006–2009 and 2011). Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated using a time series Poisson model, adjusting for day of week, public holidays, daily mean temperature and relative humidity. Daily PM10 (particle with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm) decreased from 88.64 μg/m3 during the baseline period to 80.61 μg/m3 during the Asian Games period. Other measured air pollutants and weather variables did not differ substantially. Daily mortality from non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases decreased from 32, 11 and 6 during the baseline period to 25, 8 and 5 during the Games period, the corresponding RR for the Games period compared with the baseline period was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73–0.86), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.66–0.89) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.57–0.80), respectively. No significant decreases were observed in other months of 2010 in Guangzhou and intervention period in two control cities. This finding supports the efforts to reduce air pollution and improve public health through transportation restriction and industrial emission control.