1. Controlled Release of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist from Hyaluronic Acid-Chitosan Microspheres Attenuates Interleukin-1β-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis in Chondrocytes.
- Author
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Qiu, Bo, Gong, Ming, He, Qi-Ting, and Zhou, Pang-Hu
- Subjects
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ANIMAL experimentation , *ANTI-inflammatory agents , *APOPTOSIS , *BIOLOGICAL assay , *CARTILAGE cells , *CELL culture , *CELL physiology , *CELL receptors , *CELLS , *DYNAMICS , *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay , *GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS , *HYALURONIC acid , *INFLAMMATION , *INTERLEUKIN-1 , *MICROSCOPY , *NITRITES , *NUCLEOSIDES , *OSTEOARTHRITIS , *POLYMERASE chain reaction , *POLYSACCHARIDES , *PROBABILITY theory , *PROSTAGLANDINS , *PROTEINS , *PROTEOLYTIC enzymes , *RATS , *RESEARCH funding , *STAINS & staining (Microscopy) , *STATISTICS , *TRANSFERASES , *WESTERN immunoblotting , *DATA analysis , *REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *IN vitro studies - Abstract
This paper investigates the protective effect of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) released from hyaluronic acid chitosan (HA-CS) microspheres in a controlled manner on IL-1β-induced inflammation and apoptosis in chondrocytes. The IL-1Ra release kinetics was characterized by an initial burst release, which was reduced to a linear release over eight days. Chondrocytes were stimulated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β and subsequently incubated with HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres. The cell viability was decreased by IL-1β, which was attenuated by HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres as indicated by an MTT assay. ELISA showed that HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres inhibited IL-1β-induced inflammation by attenuating increases in NO2- and prostaglandin E2 levels as well as increase in glycosaminoglycan release. A terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay revealed that the IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis was decreased by HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres. Moreover, HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres blocked IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis by increasing B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and decreasing Bcl-2-associated X protein and caspase-3 expressions at mRNA and protein levels, as indicated by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. The results of the present study indicated that HA-CS-IL-1Ra microspheres as a controlled release system of IL-1Ra possess potential anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties in rat chondrocytes due to their ability to regulate inflammatory factors and apoptosis associated genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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