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An increasing number of research literature studies about green technology have been accepted by journals of different disciplines due to the rapid technical progress and innovation in all types of industry. This study uses bibliometric tools of CiteSpace and VOSviewer to analyse the key authors' co-citation network, institution cooperation, the keyword clusters of green technology, and the evolution trend of green technology. We find that since 1960s, the number of research papers with green technology theme has been growing. These papers are mainly involved in fields of economics and business, engineering, and chemistry, in which there exist 13 highest cited papers from 2009 to 2020 based on the Web of Science database. In this study, we find the top 20 journals of green technology with the parameter of literature count and centrality. We find that the cooperation of authors is quite weak with the co-authorship analysis, and we obtain the top 12 institutions in 15 countries dominantly in green technology research through country and institution analysis. We conduct a cluster analysis of keywords related to green technology, and we obtain 10 clusters, with three economical clusters, five engineering clusters, and two chemical clusters. Finally, we summarise green technology with the aid of the timeline view function of CiteSpace system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The designed antenna is a monopole Z-shaped antenna operating in an unlicensed band of 2.4 GHz fabricated using low cost inkjet printing technology. The proposed inkjet printing technology is eco-friendly since the material used here is an ordinary "paper" that is suitable for the green technology. The conducting patch of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) ink has very high conductivity 35,700,000 s/m and instant curing property which helps in fabrication process without UV curing or oven heating. The printer used also is the cheap home printer HP DJ 2130 rather than the expensive Brother and Epson printers used in previous works. The printed antenna will be helpful in conditions to ascertain its performance in green agriculture in the form of RF-ID sensors, soil pH value sensor, and moisture sensor. The proposed antenna attains the gain of 2.5 dBi at the ISM band of 2.4 GHz with optimal VSWR value between 1 and 2 over the desired frequency band. The directivity and radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna are 2 dBi and 80%, respectively. The overall cost of the proposed antenna is much lesser in the order of 10 times than the recent low cost design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes 286 prefecture-level Chinese cities from 2011 to 2019 as research objects. It empirically examines the influence of digital finance on green development by using the EBM model, two-way fixed effect model, and instrumental variable method. It is found that digital finance can significantly promote the green development of Chinese cities, and this conclusion is still valid after the robustness tests, such as the instrumental variable method dealing with endogeneity and two-sided winsorization. The mechanism analysis results suggest that only the breadth of digital finance can significantly promote green development in the internal mechanism of digital finance, but the effect of coverage depth and digitization degree is not significant. The external mechanism of industrial structure upgrading assumes the mediating role of digital finance in improving the level of green development. The heterogeneity analysis results show that digital finance has a stronger impact on green development in the central and western cities and small-scale cities. This paper contributes to the study of the relationship between digital finance and green development and puts forward relevant suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green smart building is the development direction of future architecture. It is of great significance to carry out risk assessment. Fire risk is the key content of building risk, so this paper takes fire risk as the research object, with the help of artificial intelligence technology, to carry out the risk assessment research of green smart buildings. With the rapid development of the economy, urban fire risk factors are increasing, and the fire situation is becoming more and more serious. Building fire risk assessment is an important measure to effectively prevent and control urban building fires. This paper uses Internet of Things data to carry out fire risk assessment and realize Internet of Things data mining. Collect a large number of expert samples to build training samples, train the green intelligent building monomer fire risk assessment and prediction model based on deep neural network, constantly adjust the model parameters to optimize the model, and finally verify and modify the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, in the context of "double carbon" and innovation-driven synthesis, the volume of green finance has been growing year by year, and the intensity of environmental regulation has been stabilizing. As green financial technology innovation cannot be separated from the support of financial market and government policies, how to promote green financial technology innovation with green finance and environmental regulation has become a hot issue. How to control the appropriate strength of environmental regulations to promote green financial technology innovation is a matter of continuous exploration by local governments. The research of this paper is about the utility analysis of green finance policy: a policy incentive financial mechanism based on the state space model theory algorithm. Therefore, this paper introduces the theory of green finance based on the state space model algorithm and neural network model algorithm to study China's green finance policy incentive mechanism, profoundly study the current situation of domestic green finance development, and put forward further strengthen the leading role of the government in green financial innovation. At the same time, suggestions for achieving coordinated regional development were made in terms of giving full play to the role of financial markets in promoting green technology innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since sustainable development has become the dominant mode of human development at the present stage, green technology has received more and more attention under this background. The development of green technology has become an important means to achieve sustainable development. Green technological innovation is a kind of technological innovation. However, because the goal of green technological innovation is different from that of traditional technological innovation, the dynamic mechanism of green technological innovation lies in the similarities and differences of traditional technological innovation. This paper focuses on data mining technology to design and optimize the enterprise green technology creation model. At present, clustering algorithm and association rule algorithm are important research contents in big data mining technology. Among them, the clustering algorithm refers to the process of grouping similar data objects in a large amount of data information, so that the approximate data information can be aggregated and clustered, which is convenient for data mining calculation. In the algorithm, the shortcomings of the original clustering algorithm, such as insufficient data processing and incomplete analysis, are improved, and the data processing is improved by 51.7%, which has a good processing effect on subsequent data preprocessing and dynamic incremental clustering. In the follow-up experiment, the role of green technology in corporate finance is reflected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The powerful advanced manufacturing industry is the most powerful driving force for economic development and growth, and it is also the main source of environmental pollution. Artificial intelligence and blockchain technology are recognized as a breakthrough technology that can be widely used, changing the way the entire society and economy operate. The main constraints affecting the sustainable development of the manufacturing industry are ecological deterioration and resource shortage, but the development of artificial intelligence and blockchain technology provides new ideas for solving manufacturing problems. Based on this, this paper proposes a research on the sustainable development performance of green manufacturing technology innovation based on artificial intelligence and blockchain technology. This paper deeply grasps the essence and connotation of artificial intelligence and blockchain technology, analyzes its specific application form and research background, searches for the effective effect of manufacturing technology innovation and green manufacturing performance path, and clarifies the mechanism between the two. All measurement items in the questionnaire used in this article use Likert5 scale and use 1–5 options to indicate the degree of conformity with the actual situation of the enterprise. The results show that the average green manufacturing capacity of each measurement item is between 3.18∼3.97, indicating that the company's green manufacturing capacity is relatively high. Among them, the ability of green technology innovation is relatively high, indicating that most companies have noticed that the improvement of the ability of green technology innovation plays a vital role in the future sustainable development of enterprises. Moreover, more and more companies are paying attention to the latest applications of blockchain technology, which can effectively promote the development of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of a green financial system can promote economic transformation and development, scientifically and effectively evaluate the green environmental protection level of finance in different cities, and provide a strong impetus for its future promotion. This paper introduces a BP neural network into the evaluation system of urban green finance progress and optimizes the model through GA. According to the constructed evaluation index system, this paper makes empirical analysis of the experimental city. The optimization results show that GA can improve the training error range of the BP neural network and increase the stability of evaluation model performance and the accuracy of evaluation results. Through empirical analysis, it is concluded that the development status of the urban economy, the mode and efficiency of capital distribution, and the degree of support for the environmental protection industry in terms of policy and capital will have a great impact on the development of its environmental protection finance. The support attitude of the local government and society in energy conservation, environmental protection, and green city construction provides a broad development space for green finance to a great extent. Cities should broaden the development channels of green finance and build a sound and scientific green financial service system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to implement the green transformation strategy that follows the sustainable development concept as the guiding ideology, this paper combines the Internet of Things technology to construct green energy economic efficiency and enterprise environmental cost control system. Moreover, according to the current situation of economic, social, and environmental development, this paper establishes a scientific, complete, and systematic comprehensive evaluation index system. When choosing system assessment indicators, make sure they represent the coupling connection between the three. Furthermore, this article employs Internet of Things technologies to gather and monitor data on company energy usage and emissions, as well as to construct an intelligent model. According to the results of the simulation experiment, it can be seen that the green energy economic efficiency and enterprise environmental cost control system based on the Internet of Things proposed in this paper has good green economic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multisensor information fusion technology is a symbol of scientific and technological progress. This paper is aimed at discussing the performance of virtual reality (VR) technology in the environmental art design of multisensor information fusion technology. This paper prepares some related work in the early stage and then lists the algorithms and models, such as the multisensor information fusion model based on VR instrument technology, and shows the principle of information fusion and GPID bus structure. This paper describes the multisensor information fusion algorithm to analyze DS evidence theory. In the evidence-based decision theory, the multisensor information fusion process is the calculation of the qualitative level and/or confidence level function, generally calculating the posterior distribution information. In addition to showing its algorithm, this paper also shows the data flow of the multisensor information fusion system through pictures. Then, this paper explains the design and construction of garden art environment based on active panoramic stereo vision sensor, shows the relationship of the four coordinates in an all-round way, and shows the interactive experience of indoor and outdoor environmental art design. Then, this paper conducts estimation simulation experiments based on EKF and shows the results, and it is concluded that the fusion data using the extended Kalman filter algorithm is closer to the actual target motion data and the accuracy rate is better than 92%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the theoretical knowledge of technological innovation, this paper designs a sensor data value incubation model and a sensor data collection model to collect the original data on green innovation efficiency. In order to explore the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of China's provincial green innovation efficiency and the spatial spillover effect of China's provincial green innovation efficiency, the entropy weight TOPSIS model is adopted to measure the green innovation efficiency of China's 30 provinces (cities) from 2005 to 2021 and analyze its temporal and spatial evolution characteristics. This paper uses an exploratory spatial data analysis method to prove the agglomeration phenomenon of China's provincial green innovation efficiency in the ground space. Finally, a spatial econometric model is introduced to study the impact of government R&D investment, green supervision, and green innovation efficiency on spatial spillover effects. The study found the following three conclusions: First, the efficiency of green innovation in China's provinces has been fluctuating in stages, and the overall trend has been increasing year by year. The overall efficiency of green innovation in China's provinces is low, and the overall development is uneven and uncoordinated. Second, from the results of the spatial autocorrelation test, there is a clear and positive spatial correlation between China's provincial green innovation efficiency and agglomeration in the geospatial space. Third, government R&D inputs and different types of green regulations have a significant impact on green innovation efficiency and have significant spatial spillover effects. Along from the eastern region to the central region, then to the northeast and western regions, the degree of effect on green innovation efficiency and the intensity of spatial spillover effects have gradually weakened. It is believed that the government should reduce R&D investment in the eastern region and increase green sewage charges. Instead, the government should raise R&D investment in the central, northeast, and western regions and offer enterprises green innovation subsidies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses the data of China's A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2003 to 2014 and takes the pilot emission trading policy in 2007 for a quasinatural experiment to explore the role of the pilot emission trading policy in promoting enterprises' green technology innovation. The empirical research shows a Porter effect in the emission trading system in China. Specifically, first, the emission trading policy can significantly promote enterprises' green technology innovation in pilot areas. In addition, the incentive effect of emission trading policy on green technology innovation is significantly different due to the types of green patents. Second, the incentive effect of emission trading policy on enterprises' green technology innovation is different due to the nature and scale of enterprises. The incentive effect is greater in state-owned enterprises than in non-state-owned enterprises, and it is greater in large-scale enterprises than in small-scale enterprises. Finally, the incentive effect of emission trading policy on enterprises' green technology innovation has heterogeneity of regions. It has the greatest incentive effect in eastern region, followed by western region and then central region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the shortcomings of the traditional architectural design mode, such as high rework rate in the construction process and lack of collaborative design and intelligent information processing, a green building energy-saving design method based on BIM technology was proposed. Based on the comparative analysis of traditional computer-aided building design and BIM green building technology, the overall scheme of energy-saving design was constructed from the aspects of green building design principle, design preparation, and design concept. This paper expounded the connotation of energy-saving design elements from the aspects of modeling software selection, envelope energy-saving design, and lighting energy-saving design. Accordingly, the characteristics and process of building energy efficiency analysis based on BIM were proposed. Finally, the energy-saving effect evaluation method of green building based on BIM was given, and an example showed that the energy-saving design method of green building based on BIM proposed in this paper had good feasibility and effectiveness. The method proposed in this paper can provide a certain theoretical basis and application support for the application of BIM technology in the field of green building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-survival innovation teams composed of college students are considered incubators for future entrepreneurs. Stability is the prerequisite for team survival, while sustainable development is the necessary condition for their continuous progress. The development of members and the team are interrelated. In the continuous development of the team, the members, who contribute to the development of the team, change iteratively, while the team provides opportunities and platforms for the development of the members. However, at present, there are few researches on the sustainable development of the team and the data analysis on the correlation between the member development and the team construction. Therefore, in order to make a systematic analysis on the sustainable development ability of the team, this paper adopts questionnaires to obtain relevant information about college students and their innovation team. SPSS software (25.0) is used to make statistical analysis on the current development of college students' individual ability and innovation team. Based on this, the paper puts forward analysis strategies for the personal development of college students and the construction of self-survival innovation team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary motive of each and every organization or company is to sustain, strengthen, upgrade, and improve its position and standard in the highly dynamic, constantly changeable, aggressive, and competitive environment. There is a very urgent requirement to develop a framework for green and sustainable vendor selection in the organizations. The main aim of this research is to explore, identify, examine, and evaluate the important, applicable, green, and sustainable vendor selection attributes and to analyze and determine their interactions or relationships in the area of green and sustainable vendor selection. A total of ten important attributes have been determined through review reports and by the assessments of the group of professionals belonging to various organizations. A questionnaire has been prepared for these ten attributes and feedback was maintained from the judgments of the group of professionals in dairy industries. In this paper, a multicriteria decision-making technique namely interpretive structural modeling is implemented to look over the interactions and connections among various attributes and to put forward a constructional representation or digraph. Matriced Impacts Croise's Multiplication Appliqúe and Classment inspection is used to identify which attributes are autonomous, dependent, independent, influencing or not influencing, and importance of one criterion over another according to their driving and dependence powers. It is analyzed numerically from this model that the cost attribute is a very remarkable attribute as it exists in the bottom or sixth level and the attributes economic growth, financial capacity, and research ability are at first or topmost level of this model. The interpretive structural modeling hierarchy constructional representation and Matriced Impacts Croise's Multiplication Appliqúe and Classment inspection will support the company's owner or decision maker for attaining a best decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boosting green technology innovation of enterprise is the key to achieving a win-win situation for both environmental performance and economic performance. However, some Chinese enterprises still have hesitations and misgivings as to whether they should adopt green technology. Considering the uncertainty of the innovation and the irrational psychological factors of decision makers, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the driving mechanisms and the long-term behaviour of enterprises green technology innovation, as well as to explore what preconditions are required for enterprises to adopt green technology innovation. The methods are prospect theory and evolutionary games. This paper first calculates the equilibrium stability and evolutionary stability strategies of the enterprise green technology innovation system and then simulates the effect of subjective gains and losses values and other psychological parameters in the prospect editing and evaluation stage. Results show that increase in subjective gain and decrease in reference points and subjective spill benefit will motivate enterprises to adopt green technology innovation in the prospect editing stage; higher risk preference and lower loss aversion will increase enterprises' motivation for green technology innovation in the prospect evaluation stage. Besides, we find that enterprise decisions are influenced by risk perception and loss aversion rather than just the magnitude of the benefits and cost. Small- and medium-sized enterprises are more likely to turn to green technology innovation than large enterprises under the same level of risk preference and loss aversion. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for the government to encourage enterprises to adopt green technology innovation. This paper can provide a reference for theoretical and practical research on evolutionary game and prospect theory on green technology innovation of enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to effectively address or eliminate the impact of CO2 emissions, it is crucial to conduct a CO2 emissions evolution analysis using a green investment model. Ecological innovation helps to limit carbon dioxide emissions, which is crucial to resource distribution and effectively summarizes the regularity and innovation of the process of limiting carbon dioxide emissions. Under the condition of fully grasping the principles of low-carbon city development and related policy protection, find a suitable low-carbon city development model. This paper analyzes the impact of ecological innovation and green investment on carbon dioxide emission limitations by building a data analysis model. The results of the case analysis show that the impact of the green investment scale on Chinese carbon dioxide emission restrictions is an inverted U-shaped relationship. The scale of green investment, economic competition, and marketization of capital allocation has a negative impact on Chinese carbon dioxide emissions, while green investment and ecological innovation have a positive effect on the green and low-carbon development of the Chinese economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of computer visual information processing technology, designers use visual image processing methods to analyze and extract the features of landscape ecological space environment, establish visual reconstruction models of landscape ecological construction and spatial pattern optimization design images, and improve their ability to identify and reconstruct the artistic features of landscape ecological space environment. In this paper, a landscape ecological construction and spatial pattern optimization design scheme based on NN and GA is put forward. In the process of image visual reconstruction of landscape ecological construction and spatial pattern optimization design, urban ecological landscape information fusion perception and block area template matching are carried out to realize urban ecological landscape design. Finally, simulation test and analysis are carried out. The results show that the accuracy of this algorithm is high, which is 9.34% higher than that of traditional GA. This method can effectively reduce the iteration times and running time of the algorithm and improve the efficiency of landscape space optimization design. Carrying out the research on ecological planning and design with landscape ecological protection and restoration as the core has important practical guiding significance for guiding all localities to construct landscape ecological security pattern and promote green urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green environment is the need of the hour. There are many techniques opted by the agriculture experts for Hedera nepalensis cutting propagation. In order to simulate the propagation pattern of Hedera nepalensis cuttings more vividly, the simulation method of Hedera nepalensis cuttings propagation based on fractal theory has been studied in this paper for promoting green environment. The rule of L-system to generate to Hedera nepalensis graphics is elaborated in detail. The composition of generators is represented by strings, and Hedera epalensis fractal images are generated repeatedly by recursive algorithm. Combining BSP technology (Binary Space Partitioning Tree) with L-system, the simulation model of Hedera nepalensis cutting propagation is designed. The mechanism and morphological difference of real Hedera nepalensis cutting propagation are investigated in detail. The different Hedera nepalensis organs are distinguished by static simulation and the mathematical model is established. With the help of GDI+, random functions are flexibly used in programming control to simulate the process of Hedera nepalensis cutting propagation. By determining the growth proportion coefficient of each organ and the growth coefficient of control parameters, the image of Hedera nepalensis cutting reproduction is generated continuously from the dynamic control parameters and the dynamic process of Hedera nepalensis cutting reproduction is simulated. The simulation results show that the simulation error of this method is less than 0.8%. The simulation process is simple and efficient, and the simulation results are vivid and viable to suggest newer solution for Hedera nepalensis cutting propagation to protect the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking intelligent manufacturing pilot enterprises such as the verification sample, this paper uses system dynamics modeling and system simulation methods to analyze the influencing factors and climbing modes of their value chain climbing system under the intelligent transformation. The results show that (1) the value chain climbing system under the intelligent transformation is divided into the original chain climbing layer, cross-chain horizontal climbing layer, and new chain vertical climbing layer; (2) intelligence level, technological innovation level, market share, green development, and government investment all positively impact the value increase. Increased technological innovation level can effectively promote the rise of the value chain from the original chain climbing level to the cross-chain horizontal climbing level. The increase in market scale can effectively promote the rise of the value chain from the cross-chain horizontal climbing level to the new chain vertical climbing level. Green development has a significant impact when enterprises climb to the high end of the value chain; (3) with the deepening of intelligent transformation, the value chain system rises in an orderly, layer by layer manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supplier is considered to be attractive under green supply chain management; supplier evaluation is also confronted with a serious challenge. Based on this background, this paper studies green supplier evaluation and selection with weights unknown in hesitant fuzzy sets and presents evaluation indexes by the DEMATEL method. On the basis of the Euclidean distance, hesitancy degree is used to construct the improved type signed distance. At last, the paper calculates relative closeness to rank green suppliers by the improved TOPSIS method and compares the results of the traditional algorithm and SAW method. The result of the example shows that the algorithm has practicability and a dipartite degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stagnation of growth, huge income gap, and excessive ecological environment degradation are the three issues worldwide. As China entered the stage of high-quality development, it slowed down the economic growth speed and the government paid more attention to social harmony and environment protection. Inclusive green growth efficiency(IGGE) is used to measure the quality of economic development and the degree of coordination among economic, social, and natural systems. Under this background, this paper employs the Data Envelop Analysis (DEA) model to measure IGGE from 2006 to 2019 in 30 provinces of China. Moreover, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics are revealed and the key drivers of IGGE are explored by the spatial econometric model. The results indicate that the level of provincial IGGI of China has an upward trend in the statistical period and the characteristics of spatial agglomeration have been enhanced. For the drivers of IGGI, the level of opening-up, human capital, and innovation have significant impact on IGGI in China, while other elements are not very important. Finally, some policy suggestions were proposed to promote IGGE in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological restoration with the assistance of certain artificial measures is to restore the original ecological function and productivity of the ecosystem or to make the ecosystem develop to a virtuous circle, which is a complex systematic project. Based on this, combined with the actual needs of a mine ecological restoration project, this paper puts forward the technical process and method of quickly acquiring the geographic information of abandoned mines by using the oblique photography technology of unmanned aerial vehicles. The verification results show that the maximum plane/elevation residual error of the checkpoints measured in the field is 0.221 m−0.181 m, and the median error is 0.030 m–0.112 m. According to the encryption requirement of 1∶500 scale topographic mapping in hilly land, the plane position error of the inspection point relative to the field control point should be less than 0.175 m. The elevation should be less than 0.280 m, and the experimental results in this paper can meet the requirements. Oblique photography can provide abundant digital results, and it can play an important role in mine restoration scheme design, restoration construction, and monitoring and management after restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid increase of resource consumption and ecological protection demand, the economic growth model of China has also changed to focus on efficiency and quality. In the future, the circular economic model will be the main direction of sustainable development. According to the analysis of international development trends, green consumption has become the development trend of the times. Some developing countries also put forward the concept of green trade in the process of trade. It results in a severe living environment and challenges for some Chinese enterprises. For this challenge, China should grasp the economic development trend and change the business model by adopting the green technology innovation model. It will reduce consumption and pollution, improve efficiency, and, also, build the enterprise green technology innovation model to greatly improve the production efficiency and resource utilization of the enterprises. This paper uses data mining technology to establish a mathematical model of cluster analysis. It describes the process of enterprise technological innovation in detail and analyzes the power source of enterprise technological innovation and several commonly used models. Through this model, the enterprise technological innovation ability can be comprehensively improved. It focuses on the analysis of the enterprise green technology innovation path based on data mining. It analyzes the enterprise green technology innovation path from the points of reducing transaction costs and improving the allocation efficiency of innovation elements. According to this path, the enterprise transaction costs can be reduced to a certain extent and the allocation efficiency of enterprise elements can also be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low efficiency of the closed-loop supply chain in waste tire recycling has hindered the green development of China's automobile industry. Additionally, the government subsidy decision has a huge influence on green development. This study focuses on a closed-loop supply chain system that consists of five members, namely, manufacturer, retailer, Internet recycling platform, and government. It aims to investigate the effect of the government's subsidy mechanism on the decision-making process of recycling units, as well as to reveal the optimal strategies under different conditions. Under the coexistence of the retailer and the Internet recycling platform recycling programs implemented simultaneously by themselves, a two-stage Stackelberg game model is developed to explore the optimal government subsidy decision and the optimal pricing decision of manufacturer, retailer, and network platform in the closed-loop supply chain. At the same time, this paper investigates the effects of government subsidies on social welfare and the profits of supply chain members under different scenarios and then verifies the optimal government subsidy decision with MATLAB software through numerical examples and sensitivity analysis. The results show that the government subsidy coefficient is positively correlated with social welfare under four subsidy scenarios. To maximize the economic profit and social welfare of the members of the closed-loop supply chain, the government should appropriately select different subsidy objects within the range of different subsidy coefficients. When the subsidy coefficient γ ∈ [0, 15] and the government chooses consumer as the subsidy object, the social welfare will be maximized when γ > 15 and the government chooses Internet recycling platform as the subsidy object. It is recommended that the government directly subsidizes the Internet recycling platform. However, in order to maintain the manufacturer's core position in the closed-loop supply chain, the subsidy coefficient for the Internet recycling platform should not exceed the critical value of 18. These results provide managerial insights for the government, manufacturer, and the third party to make decisions in the field of waste tire recycling. This paper presents the different subsidy conditions under which the government should appropriately select different subsidy objects. It also provides a theoretical and practical basis for improving the recycling efficiency of waste tires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By analyzing the historical background of the times and summarizing the current situation of urban development research at home and abroad, we find that there is a lack of theoretical and practical research related to intelligent park cities. Therefore, this paper first starts with the connotation of park city theory, focuses on the improvement of planning methods, and studies the application paths of big data technology in the planning and construction of park cities. Taking Jinzhai Country as the research object, this paper further illustrates the applicability of this research method at the macrolevel. In the context of the park city, we analyze the problems of the current status of city construction in general and explore the path of "planning concept first, big data-assisted design" for innovative and intelligent city construction. According to the study, the overlook corridor control has an impact on the building height. In terms of landscape protection, overlook system simulation is the other key factor. In addition, the analytic hierarchy process is the basis for development intensity control. The results show that big data technology can assist in the landscape conservation, morphology formation, and efficient operation of Jinzhai Country Park City. Our aim is to achieve the protection and utilization of its ecological environment and natural resources and thus to comprehensively coordinate the multidimensional urban spaces and build a park city model. As an urban development model that meets the requirements of being "people-oriented, efficient, green, and aesthetic" in the new stage, park cities need to be faced by researchers in order to further realize the overall city goal and vision for the whole society to be smart. It also provides relevant design ideas and methods for the planning and construction of park cities in other similar cities or regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the widespread use of mobile devices and the increased performance requirements of mobile users, shifting the complex computing and storage requirements of mobile terminals to the cloud is an effective way to solve the limitation of mobile terminals, which has led to the rapid development of mobile cloud computing. How to reduce and balance the energy consumption of mobile terminals and clouds in data transmission, as well as improve energy efficiency and user experience, is one of the problems that green cloud computing needs to solve. This paper focuses on energy optimization in the data transmission process of mobile cloud computing. Considering that the data generation rate is variable, because of the instability of the wireless connection, combined with the transmission delay requirement, a strategy based on the optimal stopping theory to minimize the average transmission energy of the unit data is proposed. By constructing a data transmission queue model with multiple applications, an admission rule that is superior to the top candidates is proposed by using secretary problem of selecting candidates with the lowest average absolute ranking. Then, it is proved that the rule has the best candidate. Finally, experimental results show that the proposed optimization strategy has lower average energy per unit of data, higher energy efficiency, and better average scheduling period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of the era of big data, the combination of science and technology and urban and rural planning has become the focus of many countries. The improvement of village planning and the redesign of rural buildings can promote the rapid development of villages and strengthen rural cohesion. Based on the above situation, this paper proposes a dynamic programming algorithm combined with discrete dynamic modeling technology to improve rural planning. Firstly, the dynamic programming algorithm is used to reconstruct the village layout and optimize the original village model. The dynamic monitoring technology is used to update the dynamic data in real time to provide specific information for the follow-up rural architectural design. Secondly, the dynamic modeling technology is used to build the building model, which can calculate the building location and building angle of the village. In order to further improve village development, we also put forward the concept of green building design. The performance of traditional modeling technology and discrete dynamic modeling technology in the green building design model is compared. The results show that the discrete dynamic modeling technology can improve the overall performance of rural buildings and improve the operation efficiency of the system in the batch design of green buildings. The village layout improved by dynamic planning reduces the specific travel distance of villagers and provides effective help for rural construction and economic development. Compared with traditional modeling technology, dynamic modeling technology has a shorter workflow and less time. Discrete dynamic modeling technology can realize dynamic batch architecture design and has higher applicability than traditional algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To accurately grasp the current situation of green innovation efficiency in the manufacturing industry in China, this paper analyzes the differences and convergence characteristics of green innovation efficiency in various industries. Based on the panel data of 29 manufacturing industries in China from 2010 to 2019, the super-slack-based measure (Super-SBM) model measures the green innovation efficiency of manufacturing industries whose evolution characteristics are classified and analyzed from the perspective of technical demand. The Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition method indicates the source of industry differences in green innovation efficiency of the manufacturing industry in China with its convergence characteristics analyzed from the time dimension by constructing σ and β convergence models. The results reveal the improvement of green innovation efficiency of the Chinese manufacturing industry with obvious distinctions among different sectors and the industries with high green innovation efficiency, mostly high-end technology ones. The narrowing overall difference of green innovation efficiency in the manufacturing industry is accompanied by the lowest contribution rate of super-variable density, with the disparities between groups being the main source. It also shows the fluctuation of the intermittent σ convergence characteristics of the national manufacturing industry as a whole and low-end and high-end technology industry groups. However, the entire manufacturing industry and the three groups witness the absolute β convergence trend, with an ununiform convergence rate. The research will provide a reference for further upgrading the efficiency of green innovation in the industry and help to achieve the goals of carbon emission reduction and neutrality with the policy implications for promoting high-quality development of the manufacturing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental perception technology is the basis and premise of intelligent vehicle decision control of intelligent vehicles, a crucial link of intelligent vehicles to realize intelligence, and also the basic guarantee of its safety and intelligence. The accuracy and robustness of the perception algorithm will directly affect or even determine the realization of the upper function of intelligent vehicles. The wrong environmental perception will affect the control of the vehicle, thus causing safety risks. This paper discusses the intelligent vehicle perception technology and introduces the development status and control strategies of several important sensors such as machine vision, laser radar, and millimeter-wave radar. Target detection, target recognition, and multisensor fusion are analyzed in the optimized part of sensor results. The functions of the intelligent vehicle assistance system which has been applied to the ground at present are described, and the lane detection, adaptive cruise control (ACC), and autonomous emergency braking (AEB) are analyzed. Finally, the paper looks forward to the research direction of sense-based intelligent vehicle perception technology, which will play an important role in guiding the development of intelligent vehicles and accelerate the landing process of intelligent vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the recent international economic and social changes, the development of innovation theories, the changes in the global industrial structure, and the transformation of old and new kinetic energy, many countries have advanced from innovation paradigm 1.0 to 3.0, integrating a variety of disciplines and theories, and using this concept to enhance their innovation capabilities. In such an environment, how to combine scientific and technological innovation with ecological environment construction, practice the integration and symbiosis of ecology and innovation, and promote the development of green innovation is the current focus of academic research. The scientific and technological innovation ecological chain is an organizational model that realizes the goal of scientific and technological innovation and the value-added spiral through the orderly connection and synergistic interaction between the main bodies or elements of innovation, such as basic research, technical research, achievement transformation, talent support, and technological finance. This paper takes Shanxi Province's scientific and technological innovation ecological chain as a typical example, collects relevant text data through web crawler technology, then deconstructs the system of scientific and technological innovation ecological chain based on media integration, understands the composition of its main chain, supporting chain, and the interaction between the chains mechanism, and finally puts forward policy suggestions for the deepening of the future regional scientific and technological innovation ecological chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an introduction to this issue of the journal that focuses on geoenvironmental issues.

This paper aims to investigate the impact of intellectual capital (IC) and its components on financial competitiveness and green innovation performance. The data are collected from renewable energy companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges during 2013–2018. The modified Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (MVAIC) model is applied as a proxy for IC efficiency, an index system is constructed to systematically measure financial competitiveness, and green innovation performance is measured by the total number of green patents, the number of green invention patents, and the number of green noninvention patents. The empirical results show that IC has an inverted U-shaped relationship with financial competitiveness and no impact on green innovation performance. Regarding IC components, human capital (HC), structural capital, and relational capital positively affect financial competitiveness. HC has a negative impact on green patents, while innovation capital has a positive impact on green invention patents. Physical capital is the main driving force of green innovation performance. This study will help managers to reasonably manage their IC resources to strengthen financial competitiveness and achieve green development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green innovation is an important tool in environmental management, and green finance can provide financial support for green innovation. The greening of the financial system has attracted attention. In order to promote the development of green finance, the Chinese government has implemented policy intervention in the financial market. Green finance reform differs from green credit policy, as it is a comprehensive green finance policy aimed at the financial system. In order to study the policy effects of green finance reform on corporate green innovation, this paper applies the green finance reform that the Chinese government introduced in 2017 as a quasi-natural experiment and implements the difference-in-difference (DID) method to investigate the impact of green finance reform on corporate green innovation. We found that green finance reform promotes corporate green innovation. The result remained valid after a series of robustness tests and is more prominent for state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and large enterprises. Furthermore, we examined the impact of green finance reform on different types of innovation, finding that it had a positive effect on green invention innovation and green utility model innovation. Mechanism tests showed that green finance reform promotes corporate green innovation by alleviating financial constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The greenhouse effect is exacerbated as greenhouse gas concentrations rise. Capturing and degrading methane in the atmosphere can effectively slow the trend of global temperature rise. The solar chimney power plant integrated with photocatalytic reactor (SCPP‐PCR) is a promising concept for both clean electricity generation and large‐scale atmospheric methane removal. In this paper, this concept was for the first time quantitatively verified by integrating a photocatalytic reactor in the collector of SCPP to realize the above two targets. A systematic numerical model was proposed to evaluate the performance of degradation of methane and the electricity generation of the SCPP‐PCR. The results revealed that the methane purification rate decreased with increasing turbine rotational speed, but the photocatalytic efficiency improved. In this research, the start of the PCR was set at the entrance of the collector, and it was cost‐effective to lay 40 m in the radial direction with an investment of $4587 (around 0.37% of the total investment of the system). The system could degrade 30 595.47 g of atmospheric methane and reduce CO2 emissions by 245.38 kg in the daytime in Wuhan. It was revealed that SCPP‐PCR could be crucial for reducing greenhouse gas and limiting climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With improvements in consumers' environmental awareness and the promulgation of environmental regulations, an increasing number of companies are beginning to pay attention to green product design, pricing, and purchasing strategies. However, due to demand fluctuations and cost changes brought about by green product design and manufacturing, understanding corporate behavior preferences and constructing non-single-period pricing and procurement strategies can profoundly affect long-term cooperation among green supply chain members. This paper constructs six scenarios in which decision-makers have altruistic preferences simultaneously or separately and whether the retailer adopts strategic inventory. In addition, the impact of altruistic preferences and strategic inventory on the decision-making and profits of the two-period supply chain for marginal cost-intensive green products (MIGPs) are analyzed. The results show that altruistic preferences and purchasing strategies do not affect MIGPs' greening levels. Besides, the retailer's strategic inventory is still an effective bargaining tool but is not necessarily beneficial to profits. Noteworthy, when deciders exhibit altruism simultaneously or alone, the effects on certain decisions and strategic inventory range are significantly different. Finally, the retailer's altruistic preference may not affect the green supply chain's profits, but the manufacturer's altruism improves total profits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the carrier of force and energy, large-scale breaking or bending of huge-thick conglomerate tends to induce impact ground pressure in stope and tunnel. The stratum movement under huge-thick conglomerate was studied in this paper, which is mainly based on the key stratum theory for ground control. Based on this theory, the huge-thick conglomerate can be regarded as the main key stratum, and stratum movement or the development of grassroots state under huge-thick conglomerate will affect the structure itself, which may induce rock burst in stope and tunnel. The grouting technology is proved to effectively limit the bending settlement of conglomerate, control stress concentration of conglomerate, and improve the structure of the source of rock burst, which is an effective method for the control of huge-thick conglomerate. In this paper, the optimization of grouting filling material ratio is studied by the orthogonal experiments and the results show that the optimization of material ratio is cement: fly ash: gangue 1 : 2.22 : 4.44, concentration 75%. Under such conditions, pumpability and intensity reach the best. Meanwhile, a new technology, called pocket assay grouting technology, is put forward in this paper. It can prevent slurry leakage, protect the environment, and improve the efficiency of slip casting. The application of this technology in Huafeng mine shows that it not only realizes the safe, efficient, and green of coal mine but also provides technical support to control occurrence of rock burst induced by the movement of the huge-thick conglomerate in deep mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green innovation is an important capability for an enterprise's sustainable development. Evaluating the green innovation efficiency of China's industrial enterprises can greatly affect its improvement. Considering the existing research results of green innovation efficiency evaluation, this paper added the impact of environmental factors in the technology industrialization stage. Various negative environmental externality indicators produced by industrial enterprise activities were incorporated into the undesired output, and an index system and model were constructed for evaluating the green innovation efficiency of China's industrial enterprises. Combined with the actual data, a three-stage chain network SBM (slack-based measure) model was used to dynamically evaluate and analyze the industrial enterprises in 29 Chinese provinces. The results show that the overall efficiency of green innovation in China's industrial enterprises has an upward trend, and the rise fluctuates during the technological development, achievement transformation, and industrialization stages. In the three major regions of China, industrial enterprises in the eastern area have the highest green innovation efficiency, and the industrial enterprises in the west and central regions have lower efficiencies. Based on the evaluation results, the corresponding countermeasures are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, based on the panel data, measures the comprehensive efficiency of green innovation, the economic output efficiency of green innovation, the social output efficiency of green innovation, and the environmental output efficiency of green innovation of listed energy companies in China by means of the window DEA model from the perspective of the triple bottom line. Moreover, the impacts of environmental factors and random factors on the green innovation efficiency are analyzed. It is found that firstly, green innovation efficiency of listed Chinese energy companies shows a V-shaped change trend without excluding environmental factors and random factors. Secondly, environmental factors and random factors are the primary factors to promote the green innovation efficiency of energy listed companies in China. Finally, after removing the interference of environmental factors and random factors, comprehensive efficiency of green innovation of the listed energy companies in China is relatively high and the distribution is relatively concentrated, but there is a downward trend during the research period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban green ecological space is an important manifestation of the environmental characteristics of a green city. The research results show that the urban green ecological space has obvious cooling and humidity effects, which are very important for reducing the urban heat island effect. Remote sensing technology describes the slow-release effects of urban green parks in different seasons from the two perspectives of thermal slow-release intensity and thermal slow-release distance. In this paper, UAV remote sensing is used to extract the internal and external factors of the urban green environment characteristics and to identify the main factors that affect the slow-release heat effect and seasonal changes of the urban green environment. In addition, it analyzes the factors that affect the urban environmental temperature within the environmental temperature slow-release range of urban green space, establishes a model to predict the environmental temperature within the thermal slow-release range outside the park, and realizes the largest thermal slow release in the urban greening ecological space. These are new technologies created in the context of digitization, which include image understanding and synthesis, which involve the use of computer graphics and image processing technology to convert data into graphics or images displayed on the screen to achieve an interactive process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the stochastic market demand of products, this paper studies the low-carbon manufacturing decisions making of manufacturing enterprises considering downward substitution and green technology input under the carbon cap-and-trade policy. The results show that the government's carbon trade policy will have a great impact on the production of manufacturing enterprises. Therefore, manufacturing enterprises must attach importance to the constraints of the government's carbon emission reduction policies. In terms of it, there are strategies for manufacturing enterprises such as adjusting the output, trading the carbon emission right, and so on. On this case, green technology input can increase the expected profit of manufacturing enterprises, especially in the case of downward substitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of the agricultural and forestry land management information system is predicated on the acquisition of spatial positioning data of agricultural and forestry land, i.e., the surveying and mapping of agricultural and forestry land. It also serves as the central component of the overall management information system. It is necessary to find solutions to the issues of large plot areas and far-reaching boundary lines in light of the current situation of land right confirmation. With its high efficiency, the use of GPS technology for land right confirmation can not only increase work productivity and speed up construction but also lower operating costs. The method of confirming landownership through surveying and mapping is studied in this paper using GPS technology. With respect to various land types, various classification methods have varying degrees of classification accuracy. This method is one of the three algorithms that classify green land, which includes grassland, cultivated land, and forest land; however, it does not clearly distinguish between forest land and grassland, with forest land having an average classification accuracy of 58.69 percent. The average accuracy of classifying forest land is 73.14 percent. The classification accuracy of forest land using this method is 88.45 percent, which is a relatively high percentage. It can be seen that this method is more accurate in identifying minute differences between ground objects. This is demonstrated by comparing the accuracy of forest land classification with that of other methods. A lot of surveying and mapping work has been done on the assumption that urban control networks have been established in many cities. The most ideal option is to combine GPS technology with high-precision photogrammetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the information age, people's awareness of living environmental protection has increased unprecedentedly, and the concept of green environmental protection in enterprise economic behavior has been paid more and more attention by the market and consumers. The integration of green ideas, the improvement of production technology, and the research and development of environmental protection products have become the development trend of enterprises, and environmental ethical responsibility has also become an inevitable problem for enterprises. This paper analyzes the impact of enterprises' conscious commitment to environmental ethics on their economic benefits, identifies the key influencing factors with the help of scientific statistical methods, analyzes the action mechanism of influencing factors in performance on the basis of the effect model and communication model, and analyzes the correlation between environmental ethics and economic benefits. The experimental results show that the long-term dissemination of innovation and reputation factors in environmental ethics is conducive to the dissemination of green innovative technologies and products, obtaining the attention and recognition of more enterprises and stakeholders, broadening the scope of cooperation and sales, and obtaining the support of German consumers. Environmental ethics has a short-term direct effect on performance. When the direct effect is reduced, the intermediary effect of innovation and reputation factors can achieve a positive effect on performance by transmitting benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically studies the environmental regulation, financial resource allocation, and regional green technology innovation efficiency by using provincial panel data from 2005 to 2019. The results show that the cost-input environmental regulation is negatively correlated with the efficiency of regional green technology innovation, while the government-subsidized environmental regulation is positively correlated with the efficiency of regional green technology innovation. The mechanism test shows that the cost-input environmental regulation reduces the efficiency of green technology innovation by restraining the allocation of financial resources, while the government-subsidized environmental regulation lifts the efficiency of green technology innovation by improving the allocation of financial resources. As far as different regions are concerned, the cost-input environmental regulation has a significant inhibitory effect on the eastern and central regions, while the government-subsidized environmental regulation has a significant improvement effect on the central and western regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of the Digital Silk Road is an inherent requirement for the Silk Road Economic Belt to break through the global trade barriers and build new international trade cooperation relations. In order to seek the organic integration of open and shared development and correctly deal with the relationship between regional economic and social development and resources and the environment, it is imperative to assess the development technology level of the Digital Silk Road. This paper simultaneously incorporates economic, energy, and environmental systems into the Digital Silk Road development assessment system, uses intelligent algorithms to establish a super-efficient SBM model with green development efficiency as the Silk Road development index, and objectively evaluates the current situation in China. It finds that the overall development technology index of the Silk Road has increased by about 10 percentage points in the last decade from 2007 to 2016, and this feedback indicates that the Silk Road countries along the route are steadily improving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the PSR conceptual evaluation model of urban green and low-carbon development competitiveness, this paper evaluates the green and low-carbon development competitiveness of 13 cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei from 2010 to 2019 and reveals their spatial effects and obstacle factors combined with the spatial autocorrelation and obstacle model. The results show the following: (1) In terms of the overall situation, the evaluation index of urban green and low-carbon development competitiveness in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region shows a fluctuating upward trend as a whole from 2010 to 2019. Among them, the comprehensive evaluation indexes of Beijing, Zhangjiakou, and Tianjin are very competitive, while Hengshui, Handan, and Xingtai are relatively weak. (2) In terms of spatial data analysis, the global and local Moran's I of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cities from 2010 to 2019 were positive and passed the 1% significant level test. This shows that the comprehensive evaluation index of urban green low-carbon development competitiveness of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cities has a positive spatial correlation, and the spatial agglomeration effect is significant. On the whole, it presents a spatial agglomeration pattern of "high in the north, partial jump, and low in the south". (3) In the aspect of obstacle factor analysis, the proportion of the tertiary industry output value in GDP, energy consumption of ten thousand yuan of GDP, the urban green technology innovation level, and industrial soot emission of ten thousand yuan of GDP are the main obstacle factors restricting the improvement of urban green low-carbon development competitiveness in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the problems of information disconnection, poor coordination of project participants, design evaluation, and so on, in the process of green building evaluation in China, this paper proposes a construction method of green building integrated evaluation system based on BIM Technology. This method constructs the research framework through the research on green building evaluation and BIM (building information modeling), analyzes the whole life cycle of BIM in green building, solves the problems existing in green building evaluation in China through the application of BIM, expounds the green building evaluation process under BIM environment, and studies the information interaction of green building evaluation under BIM environment and the application of BIM in green building design evaluation and operation evaluation. The results show that by studying the application of BIM in green building evaluation, it is demonstrated that the green building evaluation based on BIM can effectively improve the evaluation efficiency and realize the informatization, integration, and high efficiency of green building evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agricultural mechanization development can promote the high-quality development of agriculture, but the agriculture which faces the huge environmental pressure also needs to transform to the green sustainable development. Based on agricultural panel data of 30 provinces in China from the year 2008 to 2017, this paper measures the level of agricultural green transformation using the Malmquist–Luenberger (ML) index. Furthermore, the spatial panel econometric model is used to empirically investigate the impact of agricultural mechanization development on this green transformation. It concludes that the agricultural green transformation in western China shows an upward trend in fluctuations, with its overall transformation level still lower than the national average level. Besides, the agricultural mechanization operation level in the western region has a positive role in promoting the green transformation of agriculture, while the agricultural mechanization equipment level shows the opposite force. Compared with southwest China, the agricultural mechanization operation level in northwest China has a more positive impact. The improvement of farmers' income and agricultural technology has positive impacts on agriculture green transformation in the whole western region, while agricultural human capital shows an opposite impact on the northwest and southwest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to explore the allocation and green utilization level of urban construction land resources has an important role in the sustainable development of the city. Taking 47 counties and cities in Jilin Province as an example, this paper evaluates the green utilization efficiency of urban construction land (GUEUCL) in 2011 and 2015 by using the unexpected output super-SBM model and explores the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of GUEUCL by using GIS and machine learning methods. The results show that (1) the GUEUCL in Jilin Province is low, mainly distributed in small- and medium-sized areas, with significant positive spatial correlation. The L-L concentration area is mainly distributed in the eastern region, but the degree of spatial concentration is small, the spatial structure characteristics of the two periods are different, and the spatial heterogeneity is large; (2) the internal factor decomposition shows the impact of pure technical efficiency on the comprehensive efficiency and the restriction ability is stronger than the scale efficiency, that is to say, the factors such as management and technology have a greater impact on the comprehensive efficiency; (3) the relative importance of external factors has always been ranked as socioeconomic factors, urban development factors, and natural science and technology factors. This paper focuses on the temporal and spatial characteristics of each county and city and the influencing factors, which provides a certain value reference for the pilot of ecological construction and the development of ecoenvironmental benefit economic system in Jilin Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the improvement of social environmental awareness, the dual-channel green product sales mode has been widely used by many manufacturing firms. In this paper, we consider a dual-channel green supply chain where one manufacturer produces a green product and sells it through one retail channel and its own direct channel. Consumers in the two channels have different perceptions of the product energy efficiency level due to different purchasing experiences. The product energy efficiency level evolves over time and is characterized as a dynamic variable. By developing and solving the Stackelberg differential game problems under the dynamic and static wholesale pricing strategies, respectively, we obtain the main results in this paper. First, the manufacturer has more incentives to invest in green innovation when more consumers buy the green product through the direct channel. Second, the manufacturer prefers to adopt the dynamic wholesale pricing strategy in most cases and prefers the static one only when the consumers in both channels have relatively high energy efficiency perceptions. By introducing the transfer payment contract, we show that the static wholesale pricing strategy may be the better choice, which leads to a win-win outcome for both members. Finally, sensitivity analysis further provides some managerial insights and verifies the robustness of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]