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The Last decade saw significant growth in the digital terrestrial television (DTT) subscribers. The High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal is implied by the large fluctuations in its amplitude, which is a serious issue in the contemporary and next generation DTT broadcasting systems. These large fluctuations prevent feeding the high power amplifier (HPA) at an operating point near its non-linear (NL) saturation region, thereby lowering its power efficiency. For a better future, energy-efficient green communications is the need of hour. This paper focuses on digital predistortion (DPD), which is among the widely used techniques for HPA linearization in order to minimize the NL effects. DPD technique requires a feedback signal. This paper proposes a novel adding signal-based digital predistortion, where the output of the HPA is gradually linearized by adding a signal at the input in an iterative manner. By Taylor series approximation, the DPD problem can be posed as a convex one. We prove that a tighter upper bound exists for the convergence factor and instead of directly solving the convex problem, we pick a convergence factor value within its bounds that offers a good trade-off between convergence speed and residual error value. The simulation results show that the proposed technique can quickly linearize the HPA with good convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2020 Scott Helt Memorial Award was awarded to Manuel Fuentes, Hongzhi Chen, Eduardo Garro, Jose Luis Carcel, David Vargas, Belkacem Mouhouche, David Gomez-Barquero for their paper, “Physical Layer Performance Evaluation of LTE-Advanced Pro Broadcast and ATSC 3.0 Systems.” The papers appeared in the IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 477–488, September 2019. The purpose of the IEEE Scott Helt Memorial Award is to recognize exceptional publications in the field and to stimulate interest in and encourage contributions to the fields of interest of the Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2018 Scott Helt Memorial Award was awarded to Seho Myung, Sung-Ik Park, Kyung-Joong Kim, Jae-Young Lee, Sunhyoung Kwon, Jeongchang Kim, for their paper, “Offset and Normalized Min-Sum Algorithms for ATSC 3.0 LDPC Decoder.” The papers appeared in the IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 734–739, Dec. 2017. The purpose of the IEEE Scott Helt Memorial Award is to recognize exceptional publications in the field and to stimulate interest in and encourage contributions to the fields of interest of the Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information regarding details for Papers Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Transactions on Broadcasting that focuses on the 5G wireless networks. It mentions its main aim to revolutionize different vertical industries including media broadcasting and also mentions the increasing importance of fixed and mobile broadband IP delivery.

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses articles in the issue on topics including self-plagiarism.

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides instructions and guidelines to prospective authors who wish to submit manuscripts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Transactions on Broadcasting information for authors. Topics include the multiple submissions to different journals are unacceptable and are subject to disciplinary actions, and the IEEE electronic publishing format process enables authors to submit their initial manuscripts.

This paper presents the research and implementation of a China Digital Radio (CDR) experimental network in Hubei, China with two FM-CDR transmitting stations and four FM-band channels. To study the coverage discontinuity problem in a large service area, the experimental network employs an intelligent networking solution that incorporates multiple service channels carrying Broadcast and Data Services (BADS) and a Common-Regional-Information Channel (CRIC) carrying both service data and system information. The electronic service guide (ESG) carried by CRIC can inform the receivers about the available contents from current and adjacent stations, which can significantly improve the service quality in the overlapping areas, especially under mobile reception environment. Two RF tuners are used in the receiving terminals to access the CRIC, and the BADS channel, respectively. This paper first presents the frequency analysis and coverage tests of the experimental network, and then summarizes the coverage performances with different transmission parameter combinations. The goal is to gain experience in frequency planning, coverage prediction, as well as supportable services of CDR digital audio broadcasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terrestrial broadcast has traditionally targeted TV receivers in the home. But today’s most popular screens are those of SmartPhones and Tablet PCs. (Painful) Experience has shown that in order to reach those gadgets, IEEE- and 3GPP-specified solutions are required. Starting with TOoL+, the authors have proposed bridges between traditional broadcast and today’s wireless connectivity. Within the set of specifications of 3GPP such bridges named MBS, MBMS, and FeMBMS now exist – with limited acceptance by cellular network operators so far. The rapidly growing number of popular data services to SmartPhones, connected cars, etc., and 5G New Radio may change this in the future. Therefore, this paper presents a broadcast extension of today’s 5G New Radio supporting the implementation of High Tower High Power/Medium Power Medium Tower networks overlaying cellular networks. The extension was implemented using software defined radio and tested in a real-world field trial in Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper encompasses various topics for 5G-involved broadcasting under the common context converged distribution of 5G media. Particularly, two primary subtopics are addressed: An overlaid coexistence of 5G terrestrial broadcast and Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0; and dual connectivity applications built on top of the convergence between digital broadcasting and 5G unicasting. In the first part, a viable, time-sharing co-transmission system is introduced to overlay 5G Broadcast and ATSC 3.0 frames in the same radio spectrum. The system is carefully designed to comply with current 5G and ATSC 3.0 standards, so that it does not require modifications in either ATSC 3.0 or 5G specifications. To help the future planning in a technical aspect, the reliability performance is in-depth compared between 5G Broadcast and ATSC 3.0 frames, and the motivation of tower overlaying is discussed as well. Subsequently in the $2^{\mathrm{ nd}}$ part, the convergence is in parallel explored with respect to the dual connectivity. To settle a broad-ranged consensus for future convergence, various possible use cases are proposed in an application aspect. Technical, conceptual proposals and implementations are presented, specifically related to edge caching; 8K streaming (with a working prototype); large-scale software updating; data security; and location tracking. We hereby point out how dual connectivity can contribute to realistic scenarios. In turn, the scope of convergence use cases is desirably expanded, so that would encourage the initiatives bridging 5G and broadcasting into practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These instructions give guidelines for preparing papers for this publication. Presents information for authors publishing in this journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sending broadcast messages is an efficient means of communicating in emergency situations, especially during serious disasters. This paper focuses on the digital audio broadcast (DAB) system. First, several new techniques are reported to enhance the emergency warning message (EWM) receiving and display functionalities for both personal and public DAB terminals. Then, a novel bidirectional communication method between two DAB transmitters is proposed, to enable the communication to and from the disaster area and the outside. Experiments show that the EWM can be correctly sent to the intended DAB terminals within 0.2–3 s, and the existing public light emitting diode screens can be expanded as DAB EWM terminals without affecting their normal functions. The bidirectional multimedia communication between two DAB transmitters is also successfully demonstrated. The proposed techniques expand upon the DAB’s existing functionality, and can benefit more people during emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-layer broadcast systems distribute services across time and frequency domain by means of power-division multiplexing. Successive interference cancelation is required, in general, in order to extract the content of all services. For a low-complexity implementation, the receiver can obtain the strongest (top-layer) signal assuming underlying signals to behave like thermal noise. The thermal noise assumption may not be valid under certain conditions and a more accurate characterization of the interference could bring improved performance. This paper analyzes the validity of the noise-like assumption considering the power ratio between signals and the required carrier-to-noise ratio for error-free reception. The main contribution of the paper is the proposal of a demapping algorithm that exploits the knowledge of the constellation of underlying signals. Generalized mutual information, performance evaluation, and complexity analysis are provided with the additive white Gaussian noise-like assumptions and with the proposed alternative in order to assess the potential performance improvements that can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To protect military broadcasting against both hostile interference and eavesdropping, an artificial noise (AN) sheltered frequency hopping (FH) broadcasting (ANS-FHB) architecture is proposed in this paper, and the secrecy capacity is employed to measure its secrecy performance. Besides, considering the inevitable frequency mismatch after synchronization will degrade system secrecy in practical applications, the optimal transmitting power allocation (PA) for the confidential information (CI) and AN is provided to maximize secrecy capacity in presence of frequency mismatch. Moreover, to be adapted to various application scenarios, the proposed optimal PA scheme is further simplified according to the frequency synchronization ability and relative channel quality. The analysis and simulations show that the proposed ANS-FHB system can achieve a non-negative secrecy rate even when existing multiple eavesdroppers. In addition, the optimal power ratio of AN to CI shows a downward trend from one to zero as frequency mismatch increases to mitigate the secrecy loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fifth generation of mobile broadband (BB) networks, popularly known as 5G, aims to revolutionize different vertical industries, including media broadcasting. Although it remains to be seen the real impact and timescale of the 5G revolution, 5G may represent an opportunity rather than a threat for broadcast (BC), especially when considering new approaches for BC and BB evolving into new converged platforms inter-connecting terrestrial BC and cellular/wired BB systems together [item 1) in the Appendix]. Hybrid BC-BB platforms are already a success in several countries, based, e.g., on HbbTV in EU, hybridcast in Japan and Ginga in Brazil. But the increasing importance of fixed and mobile BB IP delivery for television services, well-illustrated by the new IP-based ATSC 3.0 standard [item 2) in the Appendix] and the on-going DVB-I (Internet) specification, and the fact that the 5G system will support and be interoperable with non-3GPP access technologies, potentially allowing multiple access technologies to be used simultaneously for one or more services, opens the door to new convergence scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3GPP is now carrying forward the development of the point to multipoint transmission mode of 5G on the basis of the cellular infrastructure and standard. Since the dedicated proposal for multimedia broadcast multicast system (MBMS) was approved, the MBMS technologies are evolving with the update of the requirements from 3G to 5G. This paper reviews the latest progress during the evolved MBMS standardization, which focuses on the LTE-based 5G terrestrial broadcast mode. Some agreements in terms of two widely discussed topics during 3GPP meetings, cell acquisition subframe (CAS) enhancement and numerology refinement, are presented. The enhancement of CAS and the update of numerology aim to deal with the service outage issue in the case of covering large area and serving high-mobility users. To verify the improvement brought by the CAS enhancement and the new numerology, simulations from system level and link level are carried out by several organizations and the representative results are presented and analyzed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Index coding studies multiterminal source-coding problems where a set of receivers are required to decode multiple (possibly different) messages from a common broadcast, and they each know some messages a priori. In this paper, at the receiver end, we consider a special setting where each receiver knows only one message a priori, and each message is known to only one receiver. At the broadcasting end, we consider a generalized setting where there could be multiple senders, and each sender knows a subset of the messages. The senders collaborate to transmit an index code. This paper looks at minimizing the number of total coded bits the senders are required to transmit. When there is only one sender, we propose a pruning algorithm to find a lower bound on the optimal (i.e., the shortest) index codelength, and show that it is achievable by linear index codes. When there are two or more senders, we propose an appending technique to be used in conjunction with the pruning technique to give a lower bound on the optimal index codelength; we also derive an upper bound based on cyclic codes. While the two bounds do not match in general, for the special case where no two distinct senders know any message in common, the bounds match, giving the optimal index codelength. The results are expressed in terms of strongly connected components in directed graphs that represent the index-coding problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a cache-based popular services pushing solution on high-speed train (HST) by using converged wireless broadcasting and cellular networks. Pushing and caching popular services on the HST to improve the capacity of the network is a very efficient way; and it can also bring a better user experience. The most popular services are transmitted and cached on the vehicle relay station of the train ahead the departure time in the proposed model. Then, the most popular services are broadcasted and cached on the User Equipment after all the passengers are on the train; the less popular services are delivered to the passengers by P2P mode through the relayed cellular network on the train. Specifically, we firstly use the dynamic programming algorithm to maximize the network capacity in limited pushing time, which can be converted to the 0–1 Knapsack problem. Furthermore, we propose three greedy algorithms to approximate the optimal solution on account of the high time complexity of dynamic programming when the input scale gets bigger. And simulation results show that the proposed popularity-based greedy algorithm performs well. Moreover, as the passengers may get on and off the HST when arriving at an intermediate station, a services rebroadcast algorithm is employed when more intermediate stations are considered. U-shaped distribution is adopted to indicate the number of passengers getting on and off the train. Simulations also show that the proposed rebroadcast algorithm can efficiently improve the capacity of the converged networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) has proposed to introduce the Ultra-High Definition services in three phases: UHD-1 phase 1, UHD-1 phase 2 and UHD-2. The UHD-1 phase 2 specification includes several new features such as High Dynamic Range (HDR) and High Frame-Rate (HFR). It has been shown in several studies that HFR (+100 fps) enhances the perceptual quality and that this quality enhancement is content-dependent. On the other hand, HFR brings several challenges to the transmission chain including codec complexity increase and bit-rate overhead, which may delay or even prevent its deployment in the broadcast echo-system. In this paper, we propose a Variable Frame Rate (VFR) solution to determine the minimum (critical) frame-rate that preserves the perceived video quality of HFR video. The frame-rate determination is modeled as a 3-class classification problem which consists in dynamically and locally selecting one frame-rate among three: 30, 60 and 120 frames per second. Two random forests classifiers are trained with a ground truth carefully built by experts for this purpose. The subjective results conducted on ten HFR video contents, not included in the training set, clearly show the efficiency of the proposed solution enabling to locally determine the lowest possible frame-rate while preserving the quality of the HFR content. Moreover, our VFR solution enables significant bit-rate savings and complexity reductions at both encoder and decoder sides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of disseminating continuous data flow from a given source node to all other network nodes is known as the dynamic broadcast problem, which is also a fundamental problem in multi-hop wireless networks (e.g., wireless ad hoc and sensor networks). Due to link unreliability and node mobility, the topology of a network typically changes with time. Little work has been conducted to address the dynamic broadcast problem in time-varying wireless multi-hop networks, especially under the popular Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR) interference model. In this paper, we study the dynamic broadcast problem in SINR-based time-varying directed acyclic multi-hop wireless networks formed by point-to-point wireless links. We consider the SINR-based link transmission rate model involved in the slot-based link scheduling. We first prove a tight upper bound for the broadcast capacity of the multi-hop wireless networks under study. We then propose an online max-weight Throughput-Optimal Dynamic Broadcast algorithm (TODB) which performs link weight allocation, link scheduling, and data forwarding for each time slot according to the current network connectivity and data reception rates of nodes. We derive the throughput-optimality of the TODB algorithm by proving that the broadcast throughput of TODB can achieve the aforementioned upper bound of the broadcast capacity. We evaluate the performance of TODB in terms of throughput and latency via simulations and the results validate its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study linear encoding for a pair of correlated Gaussian sources transmitted over a two-user Gaussian broadcast channel in the presence of unit-delay noiseless feedback, abbreviated as the GBCF. Each pair of source samples is transmitted using a linear transmission scheme in a finite number of channel uses. We investigate three linear transmission schemes: A scheme based on the Ozarow–Leung (OL) code, a scheme based on the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) code of Ardestanizadeh et al., and a novel scheme derived in this paper using a dynamic programming (DP) approach. For the OL and LQG schemes we present lower and upper bounds on the minimal number of channel uses needed to achieve a target mean-square error (MSE) pair. For the LQG scheme in the symmetric setting, we identify the optimal scaling of the sources, which results in a significant improvement of its finite horizon performance, and, in addition, characterize the (exact) minimal number of channel uses required to achieve a target MSE. Finally, for the symmetric setting, we show that for any fixed and finite number of channel uses, the DP scheme achieves an MSE lower than the MSE achieved by either the LQG or the OL schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the problem of broadcasting information in the most efficient manner in a large 2-D ad hoc wireless network at low SNR and under line-of-sight propagation. A new communication scheme is proposed, where source nodes first broadcast their data to the entire network, despite the lack of sufficient available power. The signal’s power is then reinforced via successive back-and-forth beamforming transmissions between different groups of nodes in the network, so that all nodes are able to decode the transmitted information at the end. This scheme is shown to achieve asymptotically the broadcast capacity of the network, which is expressed in terms of the largest singular value of the matrix of fading coefficients between the nodes in the network. A detailed mathematical analysis is then presented to evaluate the asymptotic behavior of this largest singular value. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Multicast and broadcast transmissions enhance the spectrum efficiency by delivering a single packet to multiple terminal users. The service continuity (SC) mechanism enables users to continue the service reception when the original transmission is not available anymore. For multicast and broadcast transmissions, the SC mechanism is different from that of unicast because of the different reception conditions. We design and analyze a set of SC mechanisms for New Radio (NR) multicast and broadcast transmissions (MBS) in this paper. The designed SC mechanisms do not require extra data-forwarding resources while meeting the interruption time requirements of diverse applications. To minimize the signalling overhead while meeting the latency requirements, we propose a dynamic SC configuration framework. With the framework, the network condition information is collected and the most suitable SC mechanism is chosen with its parameters. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed dynamic configuration framework outperforms the LTE eMBMS solution with up to 84.07% signaling overhead reduction, facilitating a more efficient multicast and broadcast system in NR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There emerges a strong trend recently to create an intelligent and controllable wireless transmission environment by installing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) on the surface of diverse. We research the use of RIS in 5G multicast TV applications in this paper. In particular, the shape-adaptive RIS is developed to relay 5G multicast TV signals and achieve extra RIS gain. To optimize the shape bending in RIS model, we employ the algorithm of Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG), a reinforcement learning technique that combines both Q-learning and Policy gradients. Our simulation results show that RIS can considerably enhance the SINR of worst users and improve the system’s overall Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) level for 5G mobile broadcasting services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In wireless broadcast, random linear network coding (RLNC) over GF($2^{L}$) is known to asymptotically achieve the optimal completion delay with increasing $L$. However, the high decoding complexity hinders the potential applicability of RLNC schemes over large GF($2^{L}$). In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of completion delay and decoding complexity is conducted for field-based systematic RLNC schemes in wireless broadcast. In particular, we prove that the RLNC scheme over GF(2) can also asymptotically approach the optimal completion delay per packet when the packet number goes to infinity. Moreover, we introduce a new method, based on circular-shift operations, to design RLNC schemes which avoid multiplications over large GF($2^{L}$). Based on both theoretical and numerical analyses, the new RLNC schemes turn out to have a much better trade-off between completion delay and decoding complexity. In particular, numerical results demonstrate that the proposed schemes can attain average completion delay just within 5% higher than the optimal one, while the decoding complexity is only about 3 times the one of the RLNC scheme over GF(2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated the psychological effects of viewing ultra-high-resolution images. Many subjective evaluation experiments assessing the quality of images have been conducted. However, the psychological effects of viewing ultra-high-resolution images have not been well investigated, especially under non-standard viewing conditions. Although a higher image resolution has been reported to affect the sense of realness, more impressive factors that appeal to the general viewers have not been examined. This paper conducted subjective evaluation experiments, in which images with different resolutions using familiar subjects were presented to viewers with practical viewing distances, and their ratings of impressions were obtained. In addition, we examined the relationship between higher- and lower-order impressions. We found an enhancement of the impressions of “beautiful” or “delicious” with an increase in the resolutions of the presented images. Furthermore, the tendency of this impression enhancement was observed even when viewing it as far as four times the design viewing distance. The results of multiple regression analyses provide insight on the production and processing of ultra-high-resolution images for impression enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the secure communication issues of wireless cooperative networks in the presence of multiple friendly but selfish intermediate nodes. On account of the broadcast nature of wireless communications, it is assailable to malicious eavesdropping. To tackle this challenge in the paper, we present a relay and jammer selection strategy that selects the jammer and relay nodes from intermediate nodes to improve the security of the eavesdropping attacks. The jammer is used to broadcast artificial interference noise on the eavesdropper. The relay acts as a traditional relay that retransmits source signal from the source to the intended destination. For achieving the maximum secrecy capacity by the selected nodes, we introduce a power allocation approach of intermediate nodes that is formulated as a Bertrand game based on price competition. We prove that an optimal pricing scheme can maximize the secrecy capacity and achieve the optimal profits for the selfish friendly nodes. Then, a new particle swarm with simulated anneal optimization algorithm is employed to obtain the solution of pricing and node selection. Finally, the simulation results verify our theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Along with the commercialization of evolved multimedia broadcast multicast services (eMBMS), the number of mobile broadcasting users is growing notably. Previous works reveal that the accuracy of mobile channel estimation will significantly impact the quality of broadcasting services. Motivated by this fact, we apply machine learning (ML) to the fifth-generation Radio Access Network (5G RAN) slicing in this paper for the estimation and the prediction of the channel status in mobile scenarios. More specifically, a cascaded convolutional neural network (CNN)-long short term memory network (LSTM) architecture is developed to achieve channel estimation for mobile broadcasting users. The energy efficiency of the base station (BS) is modeled mathematically, and the sub-optimal solution is achieved by deep Q-Network (DQN) based on the available channel status. Finally, we present the simulation results to justify the performance of our proposed schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has defined based on the Long Term Evolution (LTE) enhanced Multicast Broadcast Multimedia Service (eMBMS) a set of new features to support the distribution of Terrestrial Broadcast services in Release 14. On the other hand, a new 5th Generation (5G) system architecture and radio access technology, 5G New Radio (NR), are being standardized from Release 15 onwards, which so far have only focused on unicast connectivity. This may change in Release 17 given a new Work Item set to specify basic Radio Access Network (RAN) functionalities for the provision of multicast/broadcast communications for NR. This work initially excludes some of the functionalities originally supported for Terrestrial Broadcast services under LTE, e.g., free to air, receive-only mode, large-area single frequency networks, etc. This paper proposes an enhanced Next Generation RAN architecture based on 3GPP Release 15 with a series of architectural and functional enhancements, to support an efficient, flexible and dynamic selection between unicast and multicast/broadcast transmission modes and also the delivery of Terrestrial Broadcast services. The paper elaborates on the Cloud-RAN based architecture and proposes new concepts such as the RAN Broadcast/Multicast Areas that allows a more flexible deployment in comparison to eMBMS. High-level assessment methodologies including complexity analysis and inspection are used to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed architecture design and compare it with the 3GPP architectural requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the ATSC 3.0 broadcast Radio Access Technology (RAT) is aligned with 3GPP 5G NR RAT in the context of 5G convergence starting in Release 16. The 5G system architecture release 16 includes a new 5G physical layer known as 5G NR “New Radio” and a “Cloud Native” 5G Core (5GC) using cloud computing. The 5GC is agnostic to the type of radio access technology used and is enabler of many types of convergence. A novel shared multi-tenant broadcast core network architecture designed to interwork with 5GC is discussed. With the 3GPP 5G NR unicast and Non-3GPP ATSC 3.0 broadcast synergistically aligned using methods of Release 16. This includes using 3GPP Access Traffic Steering, Switching, Splitting (ATSSS) and a multi-radio dual simultaneous connected User Equipment (UE). This aligns ATSC 3.0, the first forward looking (non-backward-compatible) native IP OFDM broadcast standard, with 3GPP LTE/5G unicast as a converged 5G vertical. The proposed method and architecture are orthogonal to LTE broadcast Release 16 and is synergistic to 5G NR mixed-mode multicast unicast in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an emerging broadband service pattern in the 5G era, VR broadcasting needs a considerable amount of bandwidth and strict quality of service (QoS) control. The traditional eMBMS or enTV transmission mode in HetNets consisting of macro cells and small cells cannot bring about a good trade-off between broadband performance and resource utilization for VR broadcasting service. D2D multicasting applied to VR broadcasting can improve the performance of edge users and resource utilization. Motivated by the rapid development of AI techniques, this paper proposes a novel hybrid transmission mode selection based on online reinforcement learning to address this problem. Each VR broadband user can be associated by one of the three modes: macrocell broadcasting, mmWave small cell unicasting and D2D multicasting. This paper first models this intelligent mode decision process as a problem to pursue the optimal system throughput. Then, an online machine learning-based method is proposed to solve this problem, which consists of a fast D2D clustering module based on unsupervised learning and a smart mode selection module based on reinforcement learning. The simulation results verify that the WoLF-PHC and Nash Q-learning perform better than other algorithms in large-scale scenarios and small-scale scenarios, respectively. The proposed intelligent transmission mode selection can also achieve larger VR throughput than traditional broadcasting strategies with a good balance between broadband performance and resource utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the coding and transmission of immersive 360° video has been intensely studied. The technologies provided by standards developing organizations mainly address requirements coming from over-the-top services. The terrestrial broadcast remains in many countries the mainstream medium to deliver high quality contents to a wide audience. To enable seamless introduction of immersive 360° video services over terrestrial broadcast, the deployed technologies shall fulfill requirements such as backward compatibility to legacy receivers and high bandwidth efficiency. While bandwidth efficiency is addressed by existing techniques, none of them enables legacy video services decoding. In this paper, a novel scalable coding scheme is proposed to enable immersive 360° video services introduction over broadcast networks. The experiments show that the proposed scalable coding scheme provides substantial coding gains of 14.99% compared to simulcast coding and introduces a limited coding overhead of 5.15% compared to 360° single-layer coding. A real-time decoding implementation is proposed, highlighting the relevance of the proposed design. Eventually, an end-to-end demonstrator illustrates how the proposed solution could be integrated in a real terrestrial broadcast environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An autonomous V2V communication mode (also known as side-link mode 4), which facilitates V2V communication in out of eNB coverage areas, has recently been introduced into the Long term evolution (LTE) standard. Recent research has studied the performance of this LTE-V2V autonomous mode for a highway use case. However, performance analysis for a highway use case cannot be easily applied to an intersection use case as it may contain non-line-of-sight (NLOS) communication links. In this paper, we analyze and evaluate the safety message broadcasting performance of LTE-V2V autonomous mode in an urban intersection scenario. Considering practical path loss models, we present the impact of NLOS communication link on the overall message dissemination performance. Through the analytical and simulation results, we show that the overall message dissemination performance degrades drastically with increasing vehicle density and increasing distance of the transmitting vehicle from the intersection. To improve the performance, we propose a vehicle-assisted relaying scheme in which the relaying vehicle is selected in an autonomous manner. We also present two resource allocation strategies for the relaying vehicle. For low to medium vehicle density along the street, we observe significant improvement in message dissemination through relaying compared to the scheme without relaying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the problem of multirate packet delivery in heterogeneous packet erasure broadcast networks. The technical challenge is to enable users receive packets at different rates, as dictated by the quality of their individual channel. We present a new analytical framework for characterizing the delivery rate and delivery delay performance of a previously proposed non-block-based network coding scheme in the literature. This scheme was studied in homogeneous network settings. We show for the first time, via new theoretical analysis and simulations that it can actually achieve multirate packet delivery. Using acknowledgments from each user, we show that the user with the highest link capacity achieves the maximum possible throughput. Also, a non-zero packet delivery rate is possible for other users, and the delivery rate depends on the difference between the packet arrival rate at the sender and the link capacity of each user. The accuracy of our analytical framework is confirmed by comparing the results with simulations for different settings of packet arrival rate at the sender and link capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a detailed performance analysis of the physical layer of two state-of-the-art point-to-multipoint (PTM) technologies: evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (eMBMS) and Advanced Television Systems Committee - Third Generation (ATSC 3.0). The performance of these technologies is evaluated and compared using link-level simulations, considering relevant identified scenarios. A selection of Key Performance Indicators for the International Mobile Telecommunications 2020 (IMT-2020) evaluation process has been considered. Representative use cases are also aligned to the test environments as defined in the IMT-2020 evaluation guidelines. It is observed that ATSC 3.0 outperforms both eMBMS solutions, i.e., MBMS over Single Frequency Networks (MBSFN) and Single-Cell PTM (SC-PTM) in terms of spectral efficiency, peak data rate and mobility, among others. This performance evaluation serves as a benchmark for comparison with a potential 5G PTM solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents feasibility verification of the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 MIMO system for 8K-UHD terrestrial broadcasting services. For a reliable performance evaluation, computer simulation, laboratory test, and field trial are conducted, and the tests’ results are compared with the same performance metrics. Several physical layer configurations with various data rates from 63 Mbps to 113 Mbps are verified. The field trial results confirm that the ATSC 3.0 MIMO system can support data rates up to 113 Mbps within a 6 MHz bandwidth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two-sender unicast index coding problem consists of two senders, each having a different set of messages. Some messages may be common to both the senders. Each receiver demands a unique message and has a subset of messages known as its side-information. The senders transmit coded messages by availing the knowledge of the side-information of all the receivers, such that all the receivers are able to decode their demands. The aim is to find the optimal aggregate number of coded transmissions per message length (also called the optimal broadcast rate with finite length messages), and its limiting value as the message length tends to infinity (also called the optimal broadcast rate). In this paper, only linear coding schemes are considered. Optimal linear broadcast rate for any finite message length and optimal linear broadcast rate for a basic class of the two-sender unicast index coding problem are established. Optimal code-constructions are also provided. These results are given in terms of the corresponding results of three independent single-sender sub-problems of the two-sender unicast index coding problem. Proof techniques used to obtain the results for the two-sender problem are shown to be useful in obtaining the results for some classes of the multi-sender unicast index coding problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to the traditional TDM/FDM, the advanced television systems committee (ATSC) 3.0 next generation digital TV standard has adopted state-of-the-art coding and modulation, as well as the new layered division multiplexing (LDM) technology. The ATSC 3.0 system is able to provide higher data throughput, more robust reception, better spectrum efficiency, and flexible service combinations in one RF channel with different robustness and reception conditions. Due to the adoption of a two-layer LDM, the coverage for ATSC 3.0 is very different from the legacy one-transmitter-one-coverage ATSC 1.0 system. With the new enabling technologies, the ATSC 3.0 can greatly increase the coverage/service areas, reduce the distance between co-channel assignments, and introduce local program insertion and targeted advertisement. This paper addresses the ATSC 3.0 coverage and co-channel interference issues, by using the two-layer LDM technology with different operating parameters. Simulations demonstrate that, similar to the 4G long term evolution, the ATSC 3.0 co-channel assignment could be reduced to two times the service coverage radius. This means an improvement of the spectrum efficiency by up to four times in comparison with today’s system. It is also proved through simulations that significant TV program gains can be obtained with this new system. The deployment of single frequency networks can further improve the coverage and reduce the interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal is a serious issue in multicarrier communication systems, such as second generation terrestrial digital video broadcasting (DVB-T2) systems. These large fluctuations prevent feeding the high power amplifier at an operating point near its non-linear saturation region thereby lowering its power efficiency. In recent years, tone reservation (TR) PAPR reduction techniques have been deeply studied and included in the DVB-T2 and the American digital video broadcasting (ATSC 3.0) specifications. It is based on a gradient iterative approach where, at each iteration, a predefined kernel is used to reduce one peak in time domain. In this paper, a novel TR PAPR reduction technique namely individual carrier allocation for multiple peaks (ICMPs) that is based on a new kernel signal is proposed. This algorithm, compatible with the DVB-T2 standard, offers better performance than the gradient-based DVB-T2 algorithm but suffers with increased complexity for higher modes of DVB-T2 and ATSC 3.0 as the number of required iterations is equal to the number of reserved tones. To overcome this issue, we propose an improved ICMP technique, called grouped ICMP defined with this new kernel. The main principle of this new algorithm consists in dividing the reserved tones into $G$ groups. This highly reduces the number of iterations, now equal to the number of groups, and thereby the latency. An in-depth performance analysis has been done by implementing our algorithm on a testbed platform with real power amplifiers. Both the simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed PAPR reduction algorithm offers very good performance/complexity/latency tradeoff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotated and cyclic Q-delayed (RCQD) quadrature amplitude modulation provides signal space diversity and thus improves system performance over fading channels. However, previously published RCQD solutions were designed without fully considering the high demodulation complexity which prohibits wider applications. In this paper, a complete solution is proposed to reduce complexity for both the modulator and the demodulator. This solution uses a series of rotation angles ${\alpha =}$ arctan($1/{\sqrt {M}}$) which bring many interesting properties to the RCQD signals. A simplified sphere demapping algorithm is derived for fading channels with and without erasure events. In contrast to the sphere-decoder used for multiple input multiple output detection, the radius of the proposed sphere-demapper involves an exact amount of constellation points, thereby ensuring to perform the soft demapping operation successfully. Moreover, when either the in-phase (${I}$) or the quadrature component (${Q}$) is erased, the proposed demapping algorithm performs as well as the full-complexity max-log algorithm, with a reduced complexity. Compared to the solution currently used in DVB-T2, the proposed method reduces tremendously the computational complexity while still achieving similar performance over fading channels and even better performance over fading erasure channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), a recently introduced technology for future wireless communication systems, enhances the spectral and energy efficiency by intelligently adjusting the propagation conditions between base stations (BSs) and mobile equipments (MEs). An RIS consists of many low-cost passive reflecting elements that are optimized to improve the quality of the received signal. In this paper, we study the problem of power control at the BS and RIS optimization for application to physical-layer broadcasting. Our goal is to minimize the transmit power at the BS by jointly designing the transmit beamforming at the BS and the phase shifts of the passive elements at the RIS. Furthermore, to help validate the proposed optimization methods, we derive lower bounds to quantify the average transmit power at the BS as a function of the number of MEs, the number of RIS elements, and the number of antennas at the BS. The simulation results demonstrate that the average transmit power at the BS is close to the lower bound in an RIS-aided system, and is significantly lower than the average transmit power in conventional schemes without an RIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates secure broadcast communications in intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided millimeter wave (mmWave) symbiotic radio (SR) networks, where the IRS and the base station (BS) are cooperating. Specifically, the IRS assists secure broadcasting for the BS by smartly reconfiguring the phase shifts of the signals from the BS, while delivering its own information to an Internet-of-Things device (IoD). We aim at maximizing the minimum secrecy rate of multiple users by jointly designing the hybrid precoder at the BS and the passive beamformer at the IRS, subject to the rate constraints of both the multiple users and the IoD. The design is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem, which is intractable. To handle it, we develop a computationally efficient iterative algorithm based on the successive convex approximation, the efficiency and superiority of which have been validated by simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new ways to consume and deliver media content in a wireless environment have led to a significant increase in the demand for spectrum resources. In addition, the arrival of next-generation wireless communication technologies has encouraged the creating of new verticals targeting novel applications, such as industry IoT, e-health, distance learning, smart city, smart-metering. All these new use cases are centred on an IP-based infrastructure. A promising alternative to satisfy the demand for resources is to incorporate a new delivery mechanism that can alleviate the congestion of classical cell-based point-to-point broadband wireless infrastructures. The best-positioned candidate is the next-generation Digital Terrestrial Television system, which offers a very spectrum efficient one-to-many PHY, and for the first time, native IP support. In ATSC 3.0, the whole system was designed with an IP-centric view, whereas DVB has created standards to deliver services to generic IP devices (DVB-I). Nevertheless, there is still a last missing piece to bring the broadcast infrastructure to the IP-connected world: a Broadcast Core Network (BCN). In this paper, the basics of a BCN are presented with new use cases that are attractive to Broadcast Network Operator (BNO). A possible roadmap towards implementation is described, and a service-based architecture for a BCN is presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes systems, devices, and methods to implement a bi-directional integrated inter-tower wireless communications network (IITWCN). The described technology can be implemented in combination with the Broadcast Core Network (BCN) in next generation broadcast eco-system and, therefore, support new business cases for broadcast operators such as the delivery of flexible datacasting services or support broadcast or point-to-point Internet services. The introduced bi-directional inter-tower communications network (ITCN) extends the previous unidirectional in-band distribution links (IDL) and adopts the on-channel repeater (OCR) as a simplified backhaul solution in single frequency networks (SFN). The concept of the coordinated ITCN is also presented, aiming at future broadcast Internet services. The ITCN provides a scalable and configurable network solution embedded in a broadcast system, which becomes independent from any non-broadcasting telecommunication infrastructure. The described technology partially relies on the infrastructure of the underlying broadcast/multicast network, using the allocated service channels without requiring additional frequency bands or a separate frequency band. The bi-directional inter-transmitter communication links are therefore referred to as integrated transmission links and the corresponding network as an integrated network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service(MBMS), Multicast/Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) and Single-cell Point-to-multipoint Network (SC-PTM) are two essential ways to organize networks to provide multicast services. MBSFN shows its unique advantage of enhancing signals at the boundary of two cells, however, highly requiring synchronization of symbols. SC-PTM shows the advantage of the flexibility on the network deployment. The comparison and complementarity of these two modes are explored. In this paper, we analyze the reception performance of MBSFN and SC-PTM from multiple perspectives. We first compare the successful transmission probability (STP) of MBSFN with that of SC-PTM. Then, we consider optimal power control problems in MBSFN and SC-PTM. The corresponding power control optimization problems are with fraction and max-min forms and solved by the Dinkelbach algorithm. Furthermore, we propose a joint mode-selection and power-control method in the hybrid mode of MBSFN and SC-PTM, where each cell could select the multicast mode from MBSFN and SC-PTM. This is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem and solved by the concave-convex procedure (CCCP) and the Dinkelbach algorithm. To further improve the throughput, the appropriate successful reception proportion is selected under the opportunistic multicast. Finally, the numerical simulations show the performance of our algorithms and compare the throughput of two modes, which verify our analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]