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In this paper, an edge-coupled interdependent networks with directed dependency links (EINDDL) model is proposed, and the theoretical analysis framework of this model based on the self-consistent probabilities method is developed. The phase transition behaviors and parameter thresholds of this model under random attacks are analyzed theoretically on both Random Regular (RR) networks and Erdös-Rényi (ER) networks, and computer simulation are performed to verify the results. In this EINDDL model, a fraction β of connectivity links within network B depends on network A and a fraction (1 - β) of connectivity links within network A depends on network B. It is found that randomly removing a fraction 1-p of connectivity links in network A at the initial state, network A exhibits different types of phase transitions (first-order, second-order and hybrid). Network B is rarely affected by cascading failure when β is small, and network B will gradually converge from the first-order to the second-order phase transition as β increases. The critical values of β for the phase changes process of network A and network B, and the critical values of p and β for network B at the critical point of collapse are given. Furthermore, a cascading prevention strategy is proposed. The findings are of great significance for understanding the robustness of EINDDL.

This paper discusses the feasibility of a monitoring program for the quality assurance status of activity meters. We sent a questionnaire to clinical nuclear medicine departments of medical institutions, requesting information on their activity meters and quality assurance practices. On-site visits were conducted with exemption-level standard sources (Co-57, Cs-137 and Ba-133) for dose calibrators in nuclear medicine departments including physical inspection, accuracy and reproducibility. A method offering a quick check on the detection efficiency of the space dimension inside the activity meters was also introduced. For dose calibrator quality assurance, the daily checks had the highest implementation. However, annual checks and upon acceptance/after a repair check were reduced to 50% and 44%, respectively. The accuracy results of dose calibrators showed that all models exceeded the ±10% criteria with Co-57 and Cs-137 sources. The reproducibility results showed that some models exceeded the ±5% criteria with Co-57 and Cs-137 sources. The appropriate application of exemption-level standard sources considering the uncertainty that affects the measurement is discussed.

By taking a pneumatic eccentric grinder and round sandpapers as research objects, the modeling method is proposed to accurately predict the surface roughness of robotic sanding carbon fiber reinforced plastic parts. A four-factor, the four-level orthogonal experiment was conducted which took four process parameters into account: pressing force, feeding speed, grit size, and supply air pressure. The multiple linear regression analysis method was then applied to create a roughness prediction model. Furthermore, accuracy validation results show that the model’s prediction error is within ±9%.

A novel electromagnetic probe array (EMPA) diagnostic, which consists of a magnetic probe array and an electrostatic probe array, has recently been developed on EAST. The EMPA is fixed near the first wall at horizontal port P. The magnetic probe array of the EMPA consists of 24 identical magnetic probes, each of them capable of measuring toroidal, poloidal and radial magnetic fluctuations simultaneously, providing additional toroidal magnetic fluctuation measurements compared with the regular magnetic probes on EAST. With a higher sampling rate and self-resonant frequency, the EMPA magnetic probes can provide higher frequency magnetic fluctuation measurements. The magnetic probe array of the EMPA is composed of two parallel layers of magnetic probes with a radial distance of 63 mm, and each layer of magnetic probes is arranged in four poloidal rows and three toroidal columns. The compact arrangement of the EMPA magnetic probe array largely improves the toroidal mode number measurement ability from − 8 ≤ n ≤ 8 to − 112 ≤ n ≤ 112 , and also improves the high poloidal wave number measurement ability of magnetic fluctuations compared with the regular high frequency magnetic probes on EAST. The electrostatic probe array of the EMPA consists of two sets of four-tip probes and a single-tip probe array with three poloidal rows and four toroidal columns. It complements the electrostatic parameter measurements behind the main limiter and near the first wall in EAST. The engineering details of the EMPA diagnostic, including the mechanical system, the electrical system, the acquisition and control system, and the effective area calibration, are presented. The preliminary applications of the EMPA in L-mode and H-mode discharges on EAST have demonstrated that the EMPA works well for providing information on the magnetic and electrostatic fluctuations and can contribute to deeper physical analysis in future EAST experiments.

Traditional water pump use AC motor combines with gearbox to achieve high torque and low speed to protect fish form injury by blades, which will shorten the life of waterwheel. Besides, the efficiency of the gearbox is about 40 ∼ 50%, resulting in low efficiency of whole system, and translated into poor reliability. The waterwheel in this study uses surface permanent magnet (SPM) motor instead of AC motor. However, the design of conventional waterwheel PM motor has the following drawbacks: (a) the slot fill factor cannot be too low; (b) the spacing between the rotor magnet grooves is too large, which affect the efficiency of the motor. To improve the motor efficiency without changing the shape of the stator core, this study developed an assembled stator core to improve the slot fill rate of motor winding. However, if the stack length of the stator core is too high, there will be a problem of core breakage. Therefore, this study introduced the self-adhesive steel to develop a self-adhesive assembled stator core to improve the breakage situation, and also to take advantage of the higher slot fill rate of the assembled core. Furthermore, in order to solve the problem of large spacing between the rotor magnet grooves, we optimize the magnetic circuit design by using simulation to improve the motor performance, such as magnet size, slot opening size, etc, to make the back electromotive force waveform as a sine wave. In addition, this design also reduces the thickness of magnets to reduce the cogging torque of the motor, and effectively reduces magnet usage to reduce the cost. As a result, this study developed a high-efficiency waterwheel SPM motor about 86.32% at 123 rpm, by using self-adhesive assembled stator core to increase the slot fill factor. The overall efficiency of system reaches about 78.72%.

In view of the problem of high-impedance grounding faults (HIFs) in flexible grounding systems (FGS), a faulty line selection method based on transient waveform slope is proposed in this paper. The change of zero sequence (ZS) current of faulty line and non-faulty line (before and after the neutral point parallel small resistance are put in) are analyzed. After the parallel small resistance is put into operation, the waveform slope curve of the transient zero sequence current of each line is obtained, and the modified Hausdorff distance (MHD) algorithm is used to obtain the transient slope matrix. The faulty line is identified by comparing the sizes of each row of elements in the matrix. Simulation verifies the effectiveness of the proposed faulty line selection method.

Since the conventional solid proppant has many defects, such as poor migration and its rigid structures easy to plug cracks, liquid proppant has become a key development direction. A phase change proppant is developed based on the emulsified thermosetting resin system and evaluated in this paper. On the basis of the bisphenol A type epoxy resin, the phase change proppant system adopts the adduct of diethylene triamine and butyl glycidyl ether as epoxy resin curing agent and the SiO2 particles (1% of the resin mass) as the emulsifier, and then adds the hollow glass microspheres (1.25% of the resin mass) and the absolute ethyl alcohol (25% of the resin mass) as the thinner to reduce resin density and dilute resin. Proppant particles with major sizes of 4.5mm, 3mm, 2-2.5mm, 2mm, 1mm and 0.5mm are obtained through process optimization. After evaluation, the obtained proppants are of low density and high compressive strength, and their migration capability and flow conductivity are qualified for the exploitation of unconventional reservoirs with high closure pressures.

In the multi-agent cooperation of RoboCup Rescue Agent Simulation, as one of the three agents, the agent with the task of clearing roadblocks plays a significant role. The clearing behavior help other agents to work promptly and provide a highly efficient operation to the entire simulation system. However, considering the cost of all agents in a limited time, it is not easy to carry out flexible task allocation, which leads to the current strategy is not perfect, and finally leads to the low efficiency of rescue operations. Therefore, it is necessary to make sure the high efficiency of clearing behavior. In order to maximize the resources of agents, this article puts forward a task allocation strategy based on Hungarian algorithm, which has substantially enhanced the agents’ efficiency through experimental verification at last.

The loose coil mark of hot-rolled pickling alloyed galvanized automobile plate is one of the main defects affecting the quality of steel plates. In this paper, the composition of the loose coil mark and the coiling process parameters of the hot-rolled pickling galvanized sheet was analyzed. The results showed that the main reasons for the loose coil marks were insufficient friction between the coiler mandrel and the strip, and the coiling tension of the lead head was unstable. By increasing the lead rate of head coiling speed to 15 mpm and increasing the crimp tension limit, the loose coil marks of hot-rolled pickling alloyed galvanized automobile plate were significantly reduced, and the quality of the steel plate was significantly improved. The unqualified steel plate caused by the defect of plate loose coil marks was downgraded from 100 t/month to 15 t/month.

This paper conducts a comparative simulation for different structural layout schemes of the new G100S axial flow fan, with the motor layout position and its supporting guide vane as the main modification direction, while the fan length and guide tongue angle are appropriately adjusted according to the motor position. CFD analysis and calculation are used to compare and study the performance of the axial-flow fan. The results show that the axial flow fan with rear motor, air outlet cone integration, and large angle guide tongue layout has greater wind speed, longer injection distance, more uniform distribution of outlet flow field traces, greater wind pressure at the air outlet, and faster flow stability convergence. This work will provide technical support for designing orthogonal experiments in the direction of fan miniaturization and lightweight.

The existing decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) beating photon-number-splitting (PNS) attack provides a more accurate method to estimate the secure key rate, while it still considers that only single-photon pulses can generate secure keys in any case. However, multiphoton pulses can also generate secure keys if we can detect the possibility of PNS attack in the channel. The ultimate goal of this line of research is to confirm the absence of all types of PNS attacks. In particular, the PNS attack mentioned and detected in this paper is only the weaker version of PNS attack which significantly changes the observed values of the legitimate users. In this paper, under the null hypothesis of no weaker version of PNS attack, we first determine whether there is an attack or not by retrieving the missing information of the existing decoy-state protocols, extract a Cauchy distribution statistic, and further provide a detection method and the type I error probability. If the result is judged to be an attack, we can use the existing decoy-state method and the GLLP formula to estimate the secure key rate. Otherwise, the pulses with the same basis received including both single-photon pulses and multiphoton pulses, can be used to generate the keys and we give the secure key rate in this case. Finally, the associated experiments we performed (i.e., the significance level is 5%) show the correctness of our method.

As one kind of large-scale on-orbit deployable motion mechanism, the launch state of the manipulator on the Chinese Space Station is fixed on the external surface of the Tian-He module by 41 locking-releasing devices. It covers an area of 3.5 meters in arc length and 4.6 meters in length. The locking-releasing device should not only be able to withstand the environmental load conditions of the launch stage and in-orbit stage but also can release the manipulator reliably after going through the thermal and dynamic changes. Three factors cause the deformation of the locking-releasing device before unlocking the manipulator. The first deformation is caused by the module from the atmospheric conditions to the vacuum conditions. The second deformation is thermal deformation which is caused by the temperature changes in the module and manipulator. The locking-releasing devices bear the overload force during the launch stage will cause the third deformation. The numerical simulating analysis shows that the deformation is not beyond the allowable range. The manipulator was unlocked successfully after it was launched together with the Tian-He module. It is verified that the deformation caused by the change of thermo-mechanical conditions from the launch stage to the orbit stage does not affect the unlocking performance of the locking-releasing device.

The magnetic diagnostic system provides input signals for equilibrium reconstruction and plays a key role in plasma feedback control. Real-time monitoring and abnormal signal detection in the magnetic diagnostic system are of significance for the operation of a tokamak. In this paper, a general fault detection algorithm is proposed, based on the spatial autocorrelation of the probes. This algorithm first obtains a linear mapping between the expected value of each probe and the measured values of its adjacent probe combination through regression fitting, and then sets the fault detection threshold initially based on the fitting result of the absolute error distribution. In addition, the fault probe location is realized through a voting mechanism. The algorithm can simultaneously realize the fault detection of multiple non-adjacent probes. Based on the experimental data from the EAST, the method described here shows good performance and potential for use in long-pulsed operation.

Thermally oxidized MWCNTs (OMWCNTs) are fabricated by a thermal treatment of MWCNTs at 500 °C for 3 h in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. The oxygen content of OMWCNTs increases from 1.9 wt% for MWCNTs to 8.3 wt%. And the BET specific surface area of OMWCNTs enhances from 254.2 m2 g−1 for MWCNTs to 496.1 m2 g−1. The Fe2O3/OMWCNTs nanocomposite is prepared by a hydrothermal method. Electrochemical measurements show that Fe2O3/OMWCNTs still keeps a highly reversible specific capacity of 653.6 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, which shows an obviously higher capacity than the sum of that of single Fe2O3 and OMWCNTs. The OMWCNTs not only buffer the volume changes of Fe2O3 nanoparticles but also provide high-speed electronic transmission channels in the charge–discharge process. The thermal oxidation method of OMWCNTs avoids using strong corrosive acids such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid, which has the advantages of safety, environmental protection, macroscopic preparation, etc.

Deep learning-based fault diagnosis uses rich labeled data in achieving promising performance. However, in most real cases, only few labeled data can be acquired in fault diagnosis tasks, which is far from the essential requirement for training a deep model from scratch. To tackle this problem, a novel two-step fine-tuning process is primarily proposed, based on the idea of implementing information from a relevant auxiliary task via tuning less task-specific weights, which expands the fine-tuning method. A lightweight model is adapted for lower data consumption. Furthermore, a distance loss function is designed and embedded into the training process with a dynamic tuning process for sparser feature representations. Comprehensive experiments have been carried out. Results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, which evidently improves the diagnosis performance and robustness in diagnosis tasks with limited data and has the potential for application to fault diagnosis of varying working conditions.

This paper presents a low-power high-quality CMOS image sensor (CIS) using 1.5 V 4T pinned photodiode (4T-PPD) and dual correlated double sampling (dual-CDS) column-parallel single-slope ADC. A five-finger shaped pixel layer is proposed to solve image lag caused by low-voltage 4T-PPD. Dual-CDS is used to reduce random noise and the nonuniformity between columns. Dual-mode counting method is proposed to improve circuit robustness. A prototype sensor was fabricated using a 0.11 µm CMOS process. Measurement results show that the lag of the five-finger shaped pixel is reduced by 80% compared with the conventional rectangular pixel, the chip power consumption is only 36 mW, the dynamic range is 67.3 dB, the random noise is only 1.55 e– rms, and the figure-of-merit is only 1.98 e–·nJ, thus realizing low-power and high-quality imaging.

The performance of asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) are strongly influenced by the degree of blending between RAP and virgin bitumen. In the aim of revealing the blending interface, the present work reports an experimental investigation on the blending degree between modified bitumen and RAP (or aged bitumen). A montmorillonite-rhodamine composite modifier was prepared as a tracer, which has exclusive element and fluorescence. Using microscopic test technique, the blending process of and the crack process of RAP bitumen was observed, and the blending image of new reclaimed asphalt mixture was obtained. The interface was investigated through image processing and machine learning. Based on the results, the montmorillonite modifier slightly affected on the softening point and penetration of virgin bitumen after addition. The blending interface was engagement like gears. The optimal heating temperature range is 110 °C to 115 °C for forming a better adhesive interface between RAP and modified bitumen. Moreover, the interface transition zone thickness between RAP and modified bitumen was measured to be 4 to 8 μm.

Magneto-static stray field (H stray) interactions become an important issue when perpendicular CoFeB/MgO magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are miniaturized. This raises the issue of which of the two mainstream etching processes, the pillar structure and the step structure, is better able to retain MTJ performance at extremely small scales. In the current study, we first simulated H stray effects as a function of Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida strength within a synthetic antiferromagnetic structure for the two structures. Our results revealed that H stray interactions were less influential (in terms of offset field) in step MTJs than in pillar MTJs during MTJ miniaturization. This is in good agreement with experimental results. This finding is further supported by adding Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions into the free-layer of the two structures. We further simulated thermal stability with the inclusion of H stray for 30 nm MTJs. We found that adding etching damage effects (i.e. assuming both anisotropy constant and saturation magnetization of the free layer had some degree of loss) into the model of the pillar MTJ was necessary to obtain a trend that is close to the experimental results of thermal stability. This information can provide some guidance on the technical choices for the MTJ miniaturization.

Uncertainty analysis has received increasing attention across all kinds of scientific and engineering fields recently. Uncertainty analysis is often conducted by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), while with low convergence rate. In this paper, numerical test examples as benchmarks and engineering problems in practice are studied by polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) and compared with the solutions got by MCS. Results show that PCE approach establishes accurate surrogate model for complicated original model with efficiency to conduct uncertainty analysis and global sensitivity analysis. What’s more, sparse PCE is able to tackle problem of high dimension with efficiency. Hence PCE approach can be applied in uncertainty analysis and global sensitivity analysis of engineering problems with efficiency and effectiveness.

Thermoelectric materials are considered promising candidates for thermal energy conversion. This study presents the fabrication of Zn- and Ce-alloyed In2O3 with a porous structure. The electrical conductivity was improved by the alloying effect and an ultra-low thermal conductivity was observed owing to the porous structure, which concomitantly provide a distinct enhancement of ZT. However, SiO2 nanoparticle additives react with the matrix to form a third-phase impurity, which weakens the electrical conductivity and increases the thermal conductivity. A thermoelectric module was constructed for the purpose of thermal heat energy conversion. Our experimental results proved that both an enhancement in electrical conductivity and a suppression in thermal conductivity could be achieved through nano-engineering. This approach presents a feasible route to synthesize porous thermoelectric oxides, and provides insight into the effect of additives; moreover, this approach is a cost-effective method for the fabrication of thermoelectric oxides without traditional hot-pressing and spark-plasma-sintering processes.

The docking structure has broad application prospects in the construction of tower assembly. However, the docking structure has a relatively large quality, which has a greater impact on the operations of high-altitude workers. This paper studies the impact force on docking structure during the docking process. The finite element analysis (FEA) model of the docking structure and the tower section is established and the impact force of the docking structure under various wording conditions is calculated. Based on the calculation results of the impact force the lightweight research of the docking structure is carried out and the optimization constraint conditions are proposed. The simulation model is established by ANSYS and the optimization design of guiding tools and vertical limit tools are completed by adjusting the structural parameters. After the optimization design, the docking structure is trial-produced and tested. Through the method of FEA and experiment, a butting device that meets the requirements of strength and rigidity and is lighter in weight is obtained. Compared with the existing docking structure, the weight of the optimized docking structure is reduced by about 39%. The research results can provide a reference for the design of the docking structure.

In view of the difficulty of data inventory caused by the large amount of accumulated data of the current grid business data, multiple data sources, and complex data, this paper proposes a data inventory scheme for structured data and unstructured data. Firstly, this paper uses the YOLOv3 deep learning network to label unstructured data to convert unstructured data into structured data; Secondly, the Semantic Hypergraph Clustering (SHC) method is used to realize the identification of the same entity of the power grid data and the elimination of redundancy. This method introduces semantic information in the block; Finally, in the comparative experiments of AR and RR, 96.88% and 95.03% respectively verify the effectiveness of the scheme.

While composite material provides huge flexibility for design, the design optimization of composite structure is time consuming with low efficiency. This work combines finite element analysis for composite cylinder shell with a data-driven intelligent optimization algorithm (Bayesian optimization algorithm) and is aimed at maximizing eigenvalue buckling load. Through minimizing number of iterations as a derivative-free global optimization algorithm, Bayesian optimization is versatile and can be further applied to design advanced composite structure with more complicated scenarios, such as complex geometries and load conditions.

The mechanical properties of composite material exhibit inherent variation with uncertainty. Uncertainties in material properties propagate and result in uncertainties of mechanical performance of structure made of composite material. Polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) is implemented to carry out uncertainty quantification (UQ) and global sensitivity analysis (GSA) of cylinder shell made of composite material for this paper. A case study concerning eigenvalue buckling load of composite cylinder shell is investigated. Design of experiment (DOE) is conducted by utilizing Latin hypercubic sampling. Then data-driven PCE is established and later validated. Statistical moments (mean and standard deviation) and Sobol sensitivity indices of eigenvalue buckling load are obtained respectively. It is found that the PCE can serve as an efficient approach to handle UQ and GSA in engineering applications.

An environment-friendly electrogalvanizing technology of 08Al cold rolled steel sheet (CRS) was developed. 08Al CRS sheet was placed as cathode in the electroplating solution containing zinc salt 1-10g/L, organic acid 3-24g/L, complexing agent 0.2-0.8g/L, and Hot-dip galvanized alloyed sheet (GA) as anode. The relationship between the current density and the plating mass per unit area was studied by applying 0.15-2A direct current at room temperature, current density 0.19-2.6A/dm2, and plating time 35min. The relationship between plating mass per unit area and anode thinning per unit area was linear regression by introducing current density as intermediate quantity. The effect of electric power range on the coating mass per unit area was studied under the condition of different concentration of main salt. The chromium-free passivation treatment was also carried out on the surface of electrogalvanizing layer. 08Al electrogalvanized sheet and GA sheet were placed in chromium-free passivation solution containing molybdate 1-10g/L, hydrogen peroxide 1-5g/L, fluorine ion complexing agent 1-10g/L, potassium hydroxide 1-2g/L. The temperature and reaction time of chromium-free passivation solution and the corrosion resistance of chemical conversion film were studied, and the experimental conditions of chromium-free passivation were optimized. The adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coating were tested by scratching test and neutral salt spray test (NSS). The results show that after scratching test, the adhesion of the electrogalvanizing layer on 08Al surface reaches grade 0, and the adhesion of the electrogalvanizing and chemical conversion film composite coating on 08Al surface reaches grade 0. The NSS test showed that the corrosion resistance increased with the increase of the thickness of the galvanizing layer. The corrosion resistance time of the galvanizing layer with the thickness of 15um exceeded 216h. Salt spray resistance time of electric galvanizing layer about 10um is 72-96 h; The salt spray resistance time of electrogalvanizing layer less than 5um is less than 48 h. The salt spray corrosion time of GA plate (galvanized layer thickness is 10-11um) is less than 96 h. After chromium-free passivation treatment, the corrosion resistance of GA plate is more than doubled to 192h. The salt spray corrosion resistance of the composite coating (10-11um thickness) on 08Al with electrogalvanizing and chemical conversion film can reach more than 216h.

In this paper, a kind of light energy-saving prefabricated building high sound insulation wood wall is designed, and its sound insulation performance is experimentally studied in practical housing applications. Firstly, an energy-saving wood wall is designed on the basis of a sound insulation calculation with weighted sound transmission loss of 44.0 dB. Secondly, the energy-saving wood wall is implemented in practical house applications and the corresponding sound insulation of the wall is measured for evaluation. Measurement results show that the actual weighted sound transmission loss of the wall is 24.0 dB. Further analysis indicates that the gaps of the plates and rigid connections are the main causes of the sound insulation decrease in the actual application of this lightweight wall. This paper provides the design method of lightweight walls for new energy-saving light prefabricated houses, and indicates the importance of optimizing the construction details to guarantee the overall sound insulation performance of energy-saving light prefabricated houses.

Metamaterials play a crucial role in the research of broadband absorbers. In order to achieve broadband and efficient absorption of solar energy, a novel solar energy absorber based on tungsten ring array is proposed in this paper. The results of numerical analysis show that the absorption efficiency of the absorber is over 90% at 300∼2000 nm, the average absorption efficiency is 96.2%, and the absorption peak is 99.9%. Broadband absorption can be attributed to the excitation of plasmon and Fabry–Perot resonance effect on the surface of metal-insulator-metal. In addition, thanks to the high symmetry of the structure, it is relatively independent of incident angle and polarization angle. In the future, the absorbent will have a promising application prospect in the fields of solar energy utilization, photothermal conversion and infrared detection.

The primary order parameter of hybrid improper ferroelectricity (HIF) is not spontaneous polarisation but nonpolar modes such as oxygen octahedral rotations (OORs), antipolar, or even Jahn–Teller distortions; therefore, the HIF mechanism may be applied as an effective pathway to tune electronic bandgaps, control orbitals, and create multiferroicity. Most of the current experimental research on HIF is focused on layered perovskite oxides; therefore, this review focuses on the recent progress of experimental studies on HIF materials with the Ruddlesden–Popper (R–P) and Dion–Jacobson (D–J) structures. Experimental research on double-layered R–P oxides is included, and the linear relationship between the Curie temperature and tolerance factor has been established. Moreover, the coexistence of polar and weak ferromagnetic phases has been observed in iron-based double-layered R–P oxides at room temperature. The recent discovery of ferroelectricity in A-site cation-ordered triple-layered R–P oxides has significantly expanded the HIF field. HIF has also been confirmed in caesium- and rubidium-based double-layered D–J oxides, and complex OOR modes have been observed in D–J oxides. Although significant progress has been achieved for HIF materials in layered perovskite oxides, extensive research is required to reveal the mysteries of HIF and to create single-phase multiferroics in HIF materials.