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BACKGROUND: Many heavy industrial clusters have become the largest emission source of air pollutants in China, and the excessive overflow of pollutants occurs sometimes. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the relationship between the changes in ambient air quality and the health risk of residents under the joint action of industrial agglomeration and environmental policies, and analyze the impact of industrial clusters and environmental policies on air quality. METHODS: Shanghai is taken as an example, and the industrial structure, economic changes, and environmental policies are discussed, the impact of air quality change on the health of residents in Shanghai is analyzed, and the exposure risk and health risk of Shanghai residents are evaluated. RESULTS: Among the 16 districts of Shanghai, Minhang district has the densest population, and there are many industrial areas in Qingpu district, Songjiang district, and Baoshan district. Among the four areas, the Minhang area has the highest exposure risk. Qingpu area has the highest total exposure intensity, and the Baoshan area has the lowest exposure intensity. Air pollution slowly affects human health that when air quality is improved, health risks still exist. The impact of PM2.5 on the life expectancy of residents in Shanghai is compared with that of Guangzhou, and it is found that the life expectancy loss of residents in Shanghai is greater than that in Guangzhou. CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive analysis of industrial clusters and environmental policies combined with ambient air quality data plays an important role in understanding residents’ health risks, optimizing industrial structure adjustment, and improving ambient air quality.

This article addresses the continuing quest for effective sustainable development laws, policies and other measures, in the context of the international objective of achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. It addresses these issues both in general and in the specific context of climate policy. It focuses on exploring the results presented by other authors that discuss these matters in depth, with particular attention to the five problem areas: uncertainties in dealing with concerns of precaution and possible future impacts; the role of nature in society; international treaties; interlinkages among the SDGs; and the challenges of evaluation and feedback.