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Background: The risks of thyroid dysfunction after iodinated contrast media exposure in patients with euthyroid nodular goiter are largely unknown. Methods: This observational, retrospective cohort study included a random selection of one million people in Taiwan. All patients with iodinated contrast media exposure during this study period were selected. Patients with euthyroid nodular goiter were identified as cases, while patients without thyroid nodule were selected as controls. We followed these patients until the first event of thyroid dysfunction including hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism after iodinated contrast media exposure. Results: A total of 334 cases and 2672 matched controls were selected in this study. The mean age of cases and controls were 58.6 and 58.4 years old, and mean follow-up durations were 2.1 and 2 years respectively. After adjustment, patients with euthyroid nodular goiter had a higher risk of thyroid dysfunction (hazard ratio 5.43, [confidence interval (CI) 3.01-9.80]) compared with controls after iodinated contrast media exposure. In the subgroup analysis, the risks of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism in cases compared with controls were 5.77 [CI 2.64-12.62] and 4.95 [CI 2.15-11.40] respectively. Half of the euthyroid nodular goiter cases developed thyroid dysfunction within one year after iodinated contrast media exposure. Interestingly, all thyroid-related comorbidities and drug prescriptions did not increase the risk of thyroid dysfunction. Conclusions: Presence of euthyroid nodular goiter was associated with higher risk of thyroid dysfunction including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism after iodinated contrast media exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Topics include higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D)with selenium (Se); treatment of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb)-positive women during pregnancy; and risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with serum selenoprotein concentrations.

The article discusses a study which examined the suitability of food-grade gelatin in ballistic concentration for ultrasound-guided thyroid fine-needle aspiration. Topics include the materials, methods, and techniques used in the study, the preparation of the molds and suspension of the phantoms, and the ultrasound findings and the implications of results for biopsy and needle visualization.