Search

There is a widespread belief that work is less secure than in the past, that an increasing share of workers are part of the "precariat." It is hard to find much evidence for this in objective measures of job security, but perhaps subjective measures show different trends. This paper shows that in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany, workers feel as secure as they ever have in the past 30 years. This is partly because job insecurity is very cyclical and (pre-COVID) unemployment rates very low, but there is also no clear underlying trend towards increased subjective measures of job insecurity. This conclusion seems robust to controlling for the changing mix of the labor force, and it is true for specific subsets of workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the formative role of substances of intoxication in the social and scientific establishment of the biological subject in late nineteenth-century Germany. Sourcing the emergence of substances of intoxication as "vital substances" from Brunonianism, this narrative traces their initial significance for Romantic physiology, followed by their rejection from neo-mechanical scientific physiology. Emphasis is placed on late nineteenth-century psychological research on the effects of intoxicants on the mind as the site of a dynamic encounter between theories of the mind and the body, particularly through Kraepelin's concept of intoxication as model psychosis, and his related research. The biological subject, here, is anti-vitalistic, and, yet, conceptually distinct from neo-mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates how different forms of exposure to refugees affect voting for Far Right parties. I study the state of Upper Austria where many municipalities hosted asylum seekers and also experienced a massive flow of refugees crossing into Germany in 2015. Exposure to refugees passing through border municipalities increased Far Right votes by about 1.5 percentage points, which suggests that mere exposure can increase Far Right support. Conversely, contact and sustained interactions between natives and asylum seekers in hosting municipalities decreased Far Right votes by about 4 percentage points, which is in line with the intergroup contact theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We measure the evolution of population, investment rates, and total factor productivity (TFP) for East Germany and West Germany around their 1990 reunification to create a model that allows us to consider the economic ramifications of a hypothetical reunification between South Korea and North Korea. The scenarios that we consider suggest that worker migration from the North, a decrease in investment, and a slowdown in TFP growth could exert a substantial negative and persistent effect on South Korea's economy although the North is predicted to benefit from more rapid income growth. We also summarize the economic and policy questions that our quantified model illuminates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a design innovation, the modern university is an institution that unites the advancement of knowledge through research with its dissemination through teaching. Its inception in Germany in the first decade of the nineteenth century inspired an American adaptation that merged the German version with the English undergraduate college to produce a new bundle that would be emulated the world over. The historical view reveals cycles of sustaining innovation in which academic entrepreneurs supplemented the research-teaching synthesis with institutions devoted to one task or the other. Despite these disruptive efforts and continuing evidence of inefficiency, however, the original institutional hybrid remains the dominant model. This essay argues that the university's persistence is best understood as fulfilling a deeper need in American political culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper notes the importance of Kurt Schwitters's Merz project to the modernist politics and poetics of exile of the 20th century. Placing the sound work of Schwitters within his full Merz project, the author assesses the relations between the Ursonate and the final Merzbau. He discusses three of these relations--collage, found objects and the structures of building materiality in language and sculpture--and presents Schwitters's work as culminating in a vision of sound and building structures in what Brandon Taylor has called "intrusive new entities" of collage and assemblage that are themselves analogous to the "intrusive new entities" of human material itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article, an excerpt from a seminar paper, with an introduction by Clive Dilnot, discusses topics such as the relation of design to economic value, the history of economics in Germany in relation to design and industry, and the notion of tacit knowledge in relation to design in businesses.

The article discusses the controversy surrounding Documenta 15, an art exhibition in Germany, which was plagued by allegations of antisemitism and political pressure. It mentions that the controversy was fueled by accusations of "post-colonial antisemitism" and "antisemitism of all types" against the exhibition, which led to the influence of political agendas.It also mentions the the interplay between accusations of antisemitism, artistic expression and the impact on the German art scene.

The bifurcation of Germany during the Cold War induced the two German states to compete around the world over German cultural sovereignty, as they offered rival conceptions of what it meant to be German. The contest over this matter was fueled not only by the division of Germany but also by the military occupation. With restrictions imposed on both governments in their foreign policy activities during the early Cold War, foreign cultural diplomacy (auswärtige Kulturpolitik), a form of proxy diplomacy developed in the interwar period, became a crucial means of forging ties with countries outside Europe. This article traces how the two German governments sent language teachers, artists, academics, musicians, and exchange students to Asia as cultural ambassadors in a bid to reestablish a German presence. Divided countries along the Bamboo Curtain, especially the People's Republic of China, became the most important battlegrounds in the competition for hegemony in representing Germany in Asia. The need to engage in foreign cultural diplomacy also brought Asian ideological conflicts home to Germany. Exchange visitors and their governments tried to achieve their own interests by steering a middle course between the two German states. Foreign cultural diplomacy thus was an essential—and complicated—part of "soft power" for both German governments in trying to win over foreign audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the author presents updates on the art and performance in Germany amidst the coronavirus pandemic as of September 2022. Other topics include the opening of theaters in the country in 2021 with plays like "Die Dreigroschenoper," starring Nico Holonics, the cases of cancellation of shows like "Der Hofmeister" (The Tutor) due to the pandemic, and how emergency funding for the performing arts sustained the German theatre during the pandemic.

Originators seek to mitigate the loss of monopoly power by authorizing generic entry prior to patent expiry. Off-patent competition may be adversely affected if authorized generic entry substantially lowers the attractiveness of subsequent generic entry. This study assesses the impact of authorized generic entry on independent generic entry in recent cases of patent expiry in Germany. The results of a recursive bivariate probit regression, accounting for the endogeneity of authorized generic entry, show that authorized generic entry has no significant effect on the likelihood of generic entry. Business scope expansion and rent-seeking motives drive authorized generic entry decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented which discusses design and design education in Germany as the theme of the issue.

The article offers information on Drzymała's wagon, a house on wheels built by Michał Drzymała as a protest against Imperial Germany's policy of Germanization in its Polish territories. It reports that Its owner, the peasant Michał Drzymała, was not only able to circumvent German building regulations by moving his home every day, but with his wagon-home became a Polish folk hero during the Partitions of Poland.

The article discusses the highlights of the GLOBALE festival on contemporary musical instruments and interfaces held in Karlsruhe, Germany from February 5 to 7, 2016.

Multinational firms with operations in high-tax countries can benefit the most from reallocating taxable income to tax havens, though this is sufficiently difficult and costly that only 20.4% of German multinational firms have any tax haven affiliates. Among German manufacturing firms, a 1 percentage point higher foreign tax rate is associated with a 2.3% greater likelihood of owning a tax haven affiliate. This is consistent with tax avoidance incentives and contrasts with earlier evidence for U.S. firms. The relationship is less strong for firms in service industries, possibly reflecting the difficulty of reallocating taxable service income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the photography work "The Dailies" by photographer Thomas Demand. Topics discussed include The Dailies features 20-plus photographs from iPhone snaps of everyday things in everyday settings, such as cigarette butts snuffed out in a bowl of sand or colored fabrics; The Dailies showed many images based on media stories about important events, such as the death of a German politician or a British princess, images that were called as "The Histories;" and the photograph "Daily #8", which recalled the use of devices that were used in the trompe l'oeil painting of painter William Harnett, and artist John Peto.

We consider the link between poverty and subjective wellbeing and focus in particular on potential adaptation to poverty. We use panel data on almost 54,000 individuals living in Germany from 1985 to 2012 to show, first, that life satisfaction falls with both the incidence and intensity of contemporaneous poverty. We then reveal that there is little evidence of adaptation within a poverty spell: poverty starts bad and stays bad in terms of subjective well-being. We cannot identify any cause of poverty entry that explains the overall lack of poverty adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political regimes influence the content of education and criteria used to select and evaluate students. We study the impact of a socialist education on the likelihood of obtaining a college degree and on several labor market outcomes by exploiting the reorganization of the school system in East Germany after reunification. Our identification strategy uses cutoff birth dates for school enrollment that lead to variation in the length of exposure to the socialist education system within the same birth cohort. An additional year of socialist education decreases the probability of obtaining a college degree and affects longer-term labor market outcomes for men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the sentencing patterns of individuals convicted of high treason and treason between the start of German leader Adolf Hitler's rule in January 1933 and the outbreak of war in Europe in September 1939 using the tools of econometrics. It discusses the use of inferential statistics to determine what lies beneath the overall sentencing outcomes identified, the role of judges in the process and the role of demographic and political characteristics in sentencing disparities.

Using a microlevel data set of wind turbine installations in Denmark and Germany, we estimate a structural oligopoly model with cross-border trade and heterogeneous firms. Our approach separately identifies border-related from distance-related variable costs and bounds the fixed cost of exporting for each firm. In the data, firms' market shares drop precipitously at the border. We find that 40% to 50% of the gap can be attributed to national border costs. Counterfactual analysis indicates that eliminating national border frictions would increase total welfare in the wind turbine industry by 4% in Denmark and 6% in Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses depictions of reverberation in German Romantic era architectural acoustic theory. Topics include the book "On Theater, or Remarks on Catacaustics in Relation to Theater," by Carl Ferdinand Langhans, the design of the National Theater building in Berlin, Prussia by architect Carl Gotthard Langhans, and controversy among German architects regarding the theater design.

Standard job search theory assumes that unemployed individuals have perfect information about the effect of their search effort on the job offer arrival rate. We present an alternative model that assumes that each individual has a subjective belief about the impact of her search effort on the job arrival. These beliefs depend in part on an individual's locus of control. We estimate the impact of locus of control on job search behavior using a data set of newly unemployed individuals in Germany. Consistent with our theoretical predictions, we find evidence that individuals with an internal locus of control search more and that individuals who believe that their future outcomes are determined by external factors have lower reservation wages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the 2004 installation art piece "Counter-Music" by German filmmaker Harun Farocki, which deals with the concept of surveillance. Topics discussed include the importance of the images presented in the work, the depictions of automatic recognition systems in the work, and the ways in which Farocki's work deals with cities. The depiction of Lille, France in the work, the depictions of human beings in the work, and the ways in which the work deals with industrialization are also examined.

The article provides information on the German Society for Design Theory and Research (DGTF), an independent association focused on design research and education, and covers topics including its development, activities, and achievements. Details are presented on the organization's founding in 2003 and goes on to cover its efforts to promote networking among German-speaking designers, and provide services for the overview of research projects, approaches, and funding in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria.

An essay is presented that discusses the 1929 traveling exhibition "Film und Foto" ("FiFo"), organized by the association Werkbund. It focuses on the exhibition of works by photomontage artist John Heartfield. Topics include the Werkbund's philosophy of photography and its exhibition, a Soviet (USSR) pavilion at the 1928 Pressa exhibition in Cologne, Germany, and political aspects of Heartfield's book cover designs.

The article discusses the highlights of the IMATRONIC 2014 electronic music festival held by the Institut für Musikund Akustik at Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie (ZKM) in Karlsruhe, Germany in November.

Abstracts of commentaries in response to the article ""Economic Impacts of Reunifications in Germany and in Korea," published within the issue are presented, including a suggestion to consider Vietnam's economic experience, the effect of the conversion of East Germany currency to German marks at a higher than market value and discussions on the non-economic effects of Germany's unification.

An obituary is presented for Otto Piene, an artist and board member of the periodical "Leonardo."