Search

Pan evaporation (E pan) is a critical measure of the atmospheric evaporation demand. Analyzing meteorological data from the Tropical Rainforest Comprehensive Meteorological Observation Field in the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG Meteorological Observing Station) based on physical models is helpful to improve our understanding of the state of the hydrological cycle in the Xishuangbanna tropical rainforest region. In this study, we investigated the long-term trend in E pan using the observation data from 1959 to 2021. Moreover, correlation analyses of E pan were performed, such as trend test, assessment of periodic properties and abrupt change analysis. Then, D20 E pan data and related meteorological data from 1979 to 2008 were used to drive Penman‒Monteith and PenPan models for simulating E pan. The partial derivative attribution method was used to analyze the dominant factors affecting E pan. The results showed that E pan exhibits obvious periodic changes, the 19a is the first primary period. In addition, there was a clear 'evaporation paradox' phenomenon in Xishuangbanna. E pan showed a decreasing trend during both 1959–2008 and 2009–2018, and the decreasing trend reached a significant level with a rate of −3.404 mm·a−2 during 1959–2008. Through comparative analysis, the PenPan model was considered more suitable for simulating E pan in Xishuangbanna. In order to identify the main meteorological factors influencing E pan, complete data from the D20 pan monitoring period, namely, 1979–2008, were selected for attribution calculations. The variations in the net radiation and saturated vapor pressure deficit are the main triggers that explain the 'evaporation paradox' phenomenon in Xishuangbanna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Milletia speciosa Champ (MS), a traditional Chinese medicine, has the abilities of antistress, antifatigue, anti-oxidation and so on. In our previous study, MS was found to antidepression while the underlying mechanism of which needs further elucidation. Methods Here, a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR)-based metabonomics combined network pharmacology research approach was performed to investigate the antidepressive mechanism of MS act on mouse with chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression. Key findings Results showed that MS could alleviate the ethology of depression (including sucrose preference degree, crossing lattice numbers and stand-up times) and disordered biochemical parameters (5-hydroxytryptamine, norepinephrine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor). Metabonomics study and network pharmacology analysis showed that MS might improve depression through synergistically regulating five targets including Maoa, Maob, Ache, Ido1 and Comt, and three metabolic pathways such as tryptophan metabolism, synthesis of neurotransmitter and phospholipid metabolism. Conclusions This study for the first time preliminary clarified the potential antidepressive mechanism of MS and provided theoretical basis for developing MS into novel effective antidepressant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Notably, single-amplified genomes (SAGs) and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) obtained from single-cell genomic and metagenomic approaches, respectively, have become the most effective methods that enable organism-level genomic analysis of complex microbial ecosystems without the need for cultivation, which brings lighttoMDM. Hug et al. used more than 1000 MDM genomes, together with public genomic data,toinferthetreeoflifeanddescribed a hyper-diverse clade of MDM termed the Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR), subdividing the domain Bacteria [4]. The study of MDM is still in its infancy and further exploration of MDM will continue to provide unanticipated and excitinganswersabouttheevolutionand roles of MDM in nature. This is so-called Microbial Dark Matter (MDM): the enormous diversity of yet-uncultivated microbes that microbiologists can only study by using cultivation-independent techniques. [Extracted from the article]

* Background and Aims The advantage of clonal integration (resource sharing between connected ramets of clonal plants) varies and a higher degree of integration is expected in more stressful and/or more heterogeneous habitats. Clonal facultative epiphytes occur in both forest canopies (epiphytic habitats) and forest understories (terrestrial habitats). Because environmental conditions, especially water and nutrients, are more stressful and heterogeneous in the canopy than in the understorey, this study hypothesizes that clonal integration is more important for facultative epiphytes in epiphytic habitats than in terrestrial habitats. * Methods In a field experiment, an examination was made of the effects of rhizome connection (connected vs. disconnected, i.e. with vs. without clonal integration) on survival and growth of single ramets, both young and old, of the facultative epiphytic rhizomatous fern Selliguea griffithiana (Polypodiaceae) in both epiphytic and terrestrial habitats. In another field experiment, the effects of rhizome connection on performance of ramets were tested in small (10 x 10 cm²) and large (20 x 20 cm²) plots in both epiphytic and terrestrial habitats. * Key Results Rhizome disconnection significantly decreased survival and growth of S. griffithiana in both experiments. The effects of rhizome disconnection on survival of single ramets and on ramet number and growth in plots were greater in epiphytic habitats than in terrestrial habitats. * Conclusions Clonal integration contributes greatly to performance of facultative epiphytic ferns, and the effects were more important in forest canopies than in forest understories. The results therefore support the hypothesis that natural selection favours genotypes with a higher degree of integration in more stressful and heterogeneous environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]